Health Science 1 Study Guide
Health Science 1 Study Guide
Medical/Dental Terminology
1. Kathy has a hearing defect in both ears. Her condition occurs ______
2. The prefix for “rapid” is ______
3. Someone with bladder cancer would likely have which of the following symptoms?
A. Aphasia B. Hematuria C. Hyperglycemia D.Tachycardia
4. A patient with chronic ear infections should see a/an:
A. Cardiologist B. Ophthalmologist
C. Dermatologist D. Otolaryngologist
5. Which surgical procedure may be performed on someone with breast cancer?
A. Gastrectomy B. Mastectomy C. Hysterectomy D. Laparoscopy
6. What instrument would be used to examine someone with a hearing problem?
A. Ophthalmoscope B. Otoscope C. Speculum D. Bronchoscope
7. The contraction of what muscle causes the heart to beat? ______
8. Someone with a superficial burn as damaged the:
A. Adipose tissue B. Epidermis C. Hypodermis D. Myocardium
9. The presence of blood in the urine is: ______
10. The suffix “itis” means: ______
11. The word root “leuko” means: ______
12. A benign tumor made up of fat cells is a/an:
A. Adipocancer B. Benignoplasm C. Lipoma D. Tumorosis
13. The word root “osteo” means: ______
14. The word root “hepat” means: ______
15. The medical word root for “red” is: ______
16. The prefix “post” means: ______
17. The suffix “oma” means: ______
18. The word root “lingua” or “gloss” means: ______
19 The suffix that means “surgical removal of” is: ______
20. The word root “gingiva” means: ______
21. The word root that means “bag” or “bladder” is: ______
22. The prefix “mal” means: ______
23. The prefix “later” means: ______
24. The suffix “toxic” means: ______
Body Systems
1. Name the organ(s) found in the cranial cavity: ______
2. Name the organ(s) found in the spinal cavity: ______
3. Name the organ(s) found in the thoracic cavity: ______
4. Name the organs found in the abdominal cavity: ______
5. What divides the ventral cavity into two parts by separating the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity? ______
6. Name the organs found in the pelvic cavity: ______
7. Which body cavities are dorsal or posterior? ______
8. Which body cavities are anterior or ventral? ______
9. A mild sunburn would be ______
10. A stab wound with a long blade would be ______
11. Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves? ______
12. Which plane divides the body into front and back halves? ______
13. Which plane divides the body into top and bottom halves? ______
14. The word that means towards the head is ______
15. The word that means toward the feet is ______
16. The word that means above or upper is ______
17. The word that means below or lower is ______
18. Ventral and/or anterior means ______
19. Dorsal and/or posterior means______
20. ______means toward the midline of the body
21. ______means away from the midline or away from the body
22. ______means towards the trunk or near point of the attachment of the trunk
23. ______means away from the point of attachment to the trunk or away from the trunk
24. The three top abdominal regions are : ______, ______, ______
25. The three middle abdominal regions are: ______, ______, ______
26. The three lower abdominal regions are: ______, ______, ______
27. Name the four tissue types: ______, ______, ______, ______
28. Name the two main membrane types: ______and ______
29. Name the two types of epithelial (serous) membranes: ______and ______
30. Where are mucous membranes located and what is their purpose? ______
31. What type of fluid is contained in the double walled membrane that line closed body cavities?______
32. The outer part of a serous membrane which lines the cavity is called the ______
33. The inner part of a serous membrane which covers the organ is called the ______
34. A cut or incision on the skin where infection is not present is a ______
35. This type of healing occurs in large, open wounds______
36. The medical term for scar tissue is______
37. The study of shape and structure of an organism’s body is______
38. The study of the way an organism’s body works is______
Skeletal System
1. The medical term for the finger bone is ______
2. The largest bone in the body is ______
3. The outer covering of the bone is ______
4. The shaft of a long bone is called ______
5. The bones of the skull, spine and chest make up the ______skeleton
6. The main reason for applying a cast around a fracture is to ______
7. Ashley suffers from painful inflammation of her joints, this condition is called ______
8. The medical term for the knee cap is the ______
9. What is the medical term for the breast bone? ______
10. Which of the following is classified as a cranial bone?
A. coccyx B. pleura
C. sternum D. occipital
11. What bone is part of the pelvis?
A. femur B. mandible
C. coccyx D. pubis
12. Bones are compromised of what cells?
A. dendrites B. leukocytes
C. osteocytes D. osteoclasts
13. A tree falls on your leg causing a bone injury, but does not completely separate the bone. What disorder do you have?
A. dislocation B. sprain
C. greenstick fracture D. strain
14. What disorder is classified as a curvature of the spine? ______
15. Alex injured her ankle while ice skating. An X-ray reveals no bone abnormality, but her doctor feels she’s damaged ligaments. What is her diagnosis?
A. contusion B. greenstick fracture
C. sprain D. dislocation
16. ______is a disease where bones become porous, lose calcium and phosphorous and are more likely to fracture
17. The medical term for a spine that becomes swayback is called ______
18. If you move from a sitting to a standing position, what type of joint movement occurs at the knee?
A. abduction B. adduction
C. flexion D. extension
19. Donny falls from a tree fracturing his tibia and the bone breaks through the skin. This type of fracture is called?
A. closed B. simple
C. compound D. greenstick
20. ______is the abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine causing a “humpback” appearance.
21. The process of blood cell formation in the red morrow of the bone is called? ______
22. One function of the skeletal system is the storage of?
A. glucose B. calcium
C. iron D. oxygen
23. Amanda fell off her bicycle and broke her clavicle. This bone injury is called?
A. dislocation B. sprain
C. fracture D. strain
24. What type of motion occurs when you turn your head from side-to-side? (i.e. to say “No”)
A. pronation B. supination
C. rotation D. extension
25. Chewing involves the use of which movable skull bone? ______
26. The area where cranial bones join together to form immovable parts (joints) are called? ______
27. What joint allows for the greatest freedom of movement?
A. hinge joint B. pivot joint
C. ball & socket joint D. gliding joint
28. What lower arm bone is located on the thumb side up? (hint – think of taking a pulse) ______
29. What fluid reduces friction during joint movement? ______
30. Dense bone(shaft/diaphysis) is called “compact bone” and “porous bone” (ends/epiphysis) is called? ______(i.e. soaks up water)
Muscular System
1. A tear in a muscle, as a result of excessive use that results in minimal bleeding inside of the muscle, pain and swelling is called?
A. hypertrophy B. atrophy
C. tendonitis D. strain
2. Sam is a runner with ankle pain and considerable swelling. He has a ______
3. The medical term for the calf muscle is? ______
4. Muscle that are partially contracted at all times are said to be in a constant state of readiness called muscle ______
5. If a swimmer strains her shoulder during a race, what is the first thing that should be done?
A. apply heat B. exercise her shoulder
C. apply ice D. do nothing
6. To prevent muscle atrophy (lack of tone) one would want to do this to the muscle? ______
7. Muscle ______occurs if muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without rest, lactic acid accumulates, and muscles lose the ability to contract
8. What is inflammation of a tendon? ______
9. Muscles are responsible for producing most of our? ______
10. If a muscle becomes short and thicker and cause movement, it is said to have?
A. irritability B. contractibility
C. atrophy D. extensibility
11. What kind of muscle forms the walls of the heart? ______
12. The major muscle that lies over the upper ribs is the______
13. Amanda complains of waking up at night with sever calf pain. What is most likely the cause? ______(spasm)
14. The muscle that abducts (takes away) the upper arm at the shoulder joint is what muscle? ______
15. What muscle is considered voluntary?
A. cardiac B. skeletal
C. smooth D. visceral
16. What muscle would you find in the neck?
A. biceps B. gastrocnemius
C. latissimus dorsi D. sternocleidomastoid
17. This thoracic muscle aids in breathing…..______
18. If you fail to exercise your muscles and they become weak, this condition will occur______
19. Circular muscles in the openings between the esophagus and stomach (and anus) are called ______
20. The main muscle of the lower back is? ______
21. A person who lifts weights and overuses their muscles. The overuse can cause the muscles to ______
22. Because Leslie suffers from myalgia, her muscles cause her to have ______
23. If you want to improve the extensibility of your muscles, what should a person do every morning? ______
24. What muscles are found on the dorsal surface of the leg? (i.e. runners get pulled what?) ______
25. This characteristic is when muscles return to their original shape when relaxed ______(i.e. what does a rubber band do?)
26. Mallory has oxygen deficiency (lack of). What is she doing at this moment? A. eating B. sleeping C. exercising D. thinking
27. What muscle is found in the neck? ______
28. What muscle that is found in the arm.
A. buccinators B. latissimus dorsi
C. bicep D. Sartorius
29. What muscle can be found in the lower leg?
A. buccinators B. pectoralis major
C. gastrocnemius D. external oblique
30. The main muscle of the upper back is?
A. rectus abdominus B. soleus
C. trapezius D. triceps
Circulatory System
1. What are the functions of the circulatory system?
2. What are the components of the circulatory system?
3. Describe the circulation routes used by the blood:
4. Describe the physical characteristics of the heart:
5. What is the pericardium and the fluid between the layers?
6. Describe the myocardium:
7. Describe the endocardium:
8. What are the structures leading and to and from the heart?
9. List the chambers and valves of the heart:
10. Describe the structure of the heart and how each side works:
11. How does the heart receive blood?
12. Describe what each of the most common sounds of the heart means:
13. Describe how the contractions of the heart is controlled:
14. What is the purpose of a/an electrocardiogram(EKG/ECG)?
15. What are the most common sign and symptom of heart disease?
16. Name and describe the most common infectious diseases of the heart:
17. What are the two types of coronary heart disease?
18. List the common types of heart surgery:
19. Describe the structure and function of arteries:
20. Describe the structure and function of the capillaries:
21. Describe the structure and function of the veins:
22. How is blood pressure created?
23. Describe a pulse and the various location(s) where it can be felt:
24. Name and describe disorders of the blood vessels:
25. What is the difference between systemic and cardiopulmonary circulation?
Lymphatic System and Immunity
1. What is the watery fluid that is inside of lymphatic vessels? ______
2. The fluid that filters out of the capillaries into tiny spaces between tissue cells is: ______
3. Lymph acts as an intermediary between the blood in the capillaries and the tissues. What are some of the things lymph delivers to the cells?______, ______, ______
4. Lymph fluid most closely resembles ______
5. The largest lymphatic vessel is the ______
6. The thoracic duct drains into the ______
7. Which system does the lymphatic system work closely with to remove waste and fluid from the tissues? ______system
8. List the functions of the lymphatic system:
9. True or false
a. Lymph is mostly water and contains no red blood cells or protein molecules
b. Lymphatic vessels accompany and closely parallel the veins
c. Lymphatic vessels form a closed system like the circulatory system
d. Lymph fluid flows only once through its system before draining into the thoracic duct
10. Which organs make up the lymphatic system? ______& ______
11. Where are the tonsils located? ______
12. Adenoids are also called pharyngeal tonsils because they are located: ______
13. The tonsils that are visible through the mouth are the: ______
14. The largest organ of the lymphatic system is the: ______
15. List where lymph nodes are located: ______, ______, ______
16. Axillary lymph nodes are located: ______
17. The lymphatic tissue of lymph nodes and tonsils produce what? ______
18. Artificial acquired immunity comes from: ______
19. Lymph nodes provide a site for lymphatic production and they: ______
20. This organ of the lymph system stores the largest amount of red blood cells: ______
21. The body’s ability to resist pathogens and diseases is called: ______
22. Persons with condition should always wear a medic alert tag: ______(hint: 911 emergency)
23. In tonsillitis you would expect to find what symptom? ______
24. What disease of the lymphatic system is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and occurs frequently in young adults and children? ______
25. If a person comes into the ER and is diagnosed with Kaposi’s sarcoma, what disorder will usually be the cause? ______