Health Care Strategies for SELF-EMPLOYEDS
Rising gas prices may capture headlines, but today’s soaring health care costs are an even more consistent financial threat. The National Coalition on Health Care reports that in 2006, the average family health insurance premium topped $1,200 per month. That’s more than the average family’s mortgage—and health care costs are rising faster than interest rates!
Raising your health insurance deductible just a few thousand dollars can cut your premium by up to half. But that leaves you responsible for out-of-pocket costs. And even if you itemize, those are deductible only to the extent they exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income. Is there a way to capture premium savings from high-deductible insurance and tax savings for out-of-pocket expenses? Fortunately, there are two.
Medical Expense Reimbursement Plan
If you have self-employment income, even from a startup or sideline business, you can take advantage of a little-known tax break to save a bundle on your family’s health care costs. Medical expense reimbursement plans (“MERPs”) let you reimburse your employees, their spouses, and their dependents for uninsured medical costs. Plan benefits are deductible by the business, and nontaxable to the employee.Here’s how they work:
· You have to establish the plan for employees. If you operate as a proprietorship, partnership, LLC, or “S” corporation, you're considered “self-employed,” and not eligible. If you’re single, you can establish a C corporation and pay benefits to yourself as an employee. If you’re married, you can hire your spouse and pay benefits to them. (If you operate as an S corporation, you and your spouse are both considered self-employed. In that case, segregate part of your income through a proprietorship or C corporation and pay benefits through that entity.)
· You have to offer benefits to all employees. However, you can exclude those under age 25; those who regularly work less than 35 hours per week; those who work less than nine months out of the year; and those who have worked for you for less than three years.
· You’ll need a written plan document. No special IRS filings are required for plans with less than 100 employees. You’ll deduct benefits as “employee benefits” on your business return, which may also lower self-employment tax bill.
Example: You’re self-employed as a real estate agent. You hire your spouse to provide marketing support, and establish a MERP for his or her benefit. The plan covers your employee, their spouse (meaning you!) and your dependents.
Once you’ve established the plan, you can still deduct 100% of your health insurance costs. This includes major medical and supplemental coverage, Medicare Parts A and B coverage, qualified long-term care, and “Medigap” coverage. You can even reimburse your spouse for any after-tax premiums they pay through their employer.
You can also write off 100% of your out-of-pocket costs and bypass the 7.5% floor for itemized deductions. This includes routine expenses such as co-pays, deductibles, and prescriptions; occasional expenses such as eyeglasses, teeth cleaning, and chiropractic care; and big-ticket items like orthodontics, fertility treatments, and schools for learning-disabled children. It also includes nonprescription medicines and health-care supplies. You can reimburse your employee, or you can use business dollars to pay health-care providers directly. For more information, see our office.
Health Savings Accounts
Health Savings Accounts (“HSAs”) let you buy high-deductible health insurance to cut monthly premiums, then establish deductible savings accounts for routine medical costs. You (and your employees, if any) can establish HSAs if you meet four tests:
· You’re covered by a high deductible health plan (“HDHP”) with deductibles of at least $1,000 (singles) or $2,000 (families) and out-of-pocket limits up to $5,100 (singles) or $10,200 (families). The plan can’t provide any benefit, other than certain preventive care benefits, until the deductible for that year is satisfied. This means no drug card—you’re not eligible if you’re covered by a separate plan or rider offering prescription drug benefits before satisfying your policy deductible.)
· You’re not covered by any plan that isn’t an HDHP, either individually, as a spouse, or as a dependent.
· You’re not eligible for Medicare.
· You can’t be claimed as a dependent on anyone else’s return.
If you qualify to open an HSA, you can contribute 100% of the insurance deductible up to $2,650 (singles) or $5,250 (families). If you or your spouse is age 55 or older, you can make extra “catch up” contributions up to $600 in 2005. (This amount climbs $100 annually to $1,000 in 2009.) If you and your spouses are covered by different HDHPs, you can contribute up to the lower deductible.
Withdrawals for “qualified medical costs” are tax-free. These include any deductible medical expense or nonprescription drug that isn’t reimbursed by insurance. You can use your HSA to pay for qualified long-term care premiums, COBRA continuation coverage, health insurance while you receive unemployment compensation, and Medicare premiums (but not “medigap” coverage). Withdrawals for any other purpose are taxed as ordinary income plus a 10% penalty.
MERPs and HSAs won’t make your visit to the doctor less painful. But they may be the best kind of tax strategies because they give you new deductions for money you’re already spending. Enjoy them in good health!