HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<622>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17169151
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
Authors Hobden KL. Cunningham JA.
Authors Full Name Hobden, Karen L. Cunningham, John A.
Institution
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Title
Barriers to the dissemination of four harm reduction strategies: a survey of addiction treatment providers in Ontario.
Source
Harm Reduction Journal. 3:35, 2006.
Journal Name
Harm Reduction Journal
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1764412
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
A sample of service providers at addictions agencies' in Ontario were interviewed by telephone to assess attitudes toward, anticipated internal and external barriers to implementing, and expected benefits of four harm reduction strategies: needle exchange, moderate drinking goals, methadone treatment, and provision of free condoms to clients. Respondents were also asked to define harm reduction, list its most important elements, and describe what they find most troubling and most appealing about harm reduction. Attitudes toward harm reduction in general and the services provided at each agency were also assessed. Results indicated that the service providers surveyed had positive attitudes toward each of the four harm reduction strategies and harm reduction in general, and the majority of respondents were aware of the benefits associated with each strategy. Almost all of the agencies surveyed allowed for moderate drinking outcomes in the treatment of alcohol problems, and most agencies provided free condoms to clients. In terms of barriers, anticipated negative community reaction to needle exchange, methadone treatment, and free condoms was a major concern for the majority of respondents. Lack of staff, of funding, or anticipated staff resistance were also cited as potential barriers to introducing these strategies. In the case of methadone maintenance, the unavailability of a qualified physician was listed as the primary constraint. Implications for future efforts directed at encouraging the adoption of these strategies and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 3
Page 35
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<626>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16968551
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
Authors Resnicow K.Vaughan R.
Authors Full Name Resnicow, Ken. Vaughan, Roger.
Institution
University of Michigan, Department of Health Education and Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Title
A chaotic view of behavior change: a quantum leap for health promotion.
Comments
Comment in: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006;3:29; PMID: 16982008], Comment in: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006;3:27; PMID: 16972998]
Source
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity. 3:25, 2006.
Journal Name
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1586207
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The study of health behavior change, including nutrition and physical activity behaviors, has been rooted in a cognitive-rational paradigm. Change is conceptualized as a linear, deterministic process where individuals weigh pros and cons, and at the point at which the benefits outweigh the cost change occurs. Consistent with this paradigm, the associated statistical models have almost exclusively assumed a linear relationship between psychosocial predictors and behavior. Such a perspective however, fails to account for non-linear, quantum influences on human thought and action. Consider why after years of false starts and failed attempts, a person succeeds at increasing their physical activity, eating healthier or losing weight. Or, why after years of success a person relapses. This paper discusses a competing view of health behavior change that was presented at the 2006 annual ISBNPA meeting in Boston. DISCUSSION: Rather than viewing behavior change from a linear perspective it can be viewed as a quantum event that can be understood through the lens of Chaos Theory and Complex Dynamic Systems. Key principles of Chaos Theory and Complex Dynamic Systems relevant to understanding health behavior change include: 1) Chaotic systems can be mathematically modeled but are nearly impossible to predict; 2) Chaotic systems are sensitive to initial conditions; 3) Complex Systems involve multiple component parts that interact in a nonlinear fashion; and 4) The results of Complex Systems are often greater than the sum of their parts. Accordingly, small changes in knowledge, attitude, efficacy, etc may dramatically alter motivation and behavioral outcomes. And the interaction of such variables can yield almost infinite potential patterns of motivation and behavior change. In the linear paradigm unaccounted for variance is generally relegated to the catch all "error" term, when in fact such "error" may represent the chaotic component of the process. The linear and chaotic paradigms are however, not mutually exclusive, as behavior change may include both chaotic and cognitive processes. Studies of addiction suggest that many decisions to change are quantum rather than planned events; motivation arrives as opposed to being planned. Moreover, changes made through quantum processes appear more enduring than those that involve more rational, planned processes. How such processes may apply to nutrition and physical activity behavior and related interventions merits examination.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 3
Page 25
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<630>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16889673
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
Authors Small D.
Authors Full Name Small, Dan.
Title
Patient, prisoner or person?
Comments
Comment on: Harm Reduct J. 2006;3:21; PMID: 16867186]
Source
Harm Reduction Journal. 3:23, 2006.
Journal Name
Harm Reduction Journal
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1557480
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
Case studies provide rich descriptions of significant vignettes that highlight atypical systemic or clinical problems and identify potentially important research questions. The case study presented by Venters, Razvi, Tobia and Drucker (2006) describes an unfortunate set of events pertaining to an individual's experience as they were failed by s several systems all at once and neglected for having had experience with an addiction. This commentary provides some remarks on the case study with respect to differing institutional narratives as they pertain to lived experience in the context of everyday life. It is suggested that, in the special case of addiction, the mistreatment of the subject of the case study, Mr. Ortiz, is not an exception to the norm, but the norm itself for people living with addictions and their families.
Publication Type Comment. Editorial.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 3
Page 23
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<632>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16436208
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
AuthorsHesse M.
Authors Full Name Hesse, Morten.
Institution
Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, AarhusUniversity, Kobmagergade 26E, 1150 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Title
The Readiness Ruler as a measure of readiness to change poly-drug use in drug abusers.
Source
Harm Reduction Journal. 3:3, 2006.
Journal Name
Harm Reduction Journal
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1395301
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
Readiness to change is a crucial issue in the treatment of substance use disorders. Experiences with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has shown that continuous drug and alcohol use with all its consequences characterize most MMT programs. In a prospective study of drug abusers seeking opiate agonist maintenance treatment in the City of Copenhagen, subjects were administered the Addiction Severity Index, and the Readiness Ruler for each of 11 different licit and illicit drugs by research technicians. Data was collected upon admission to the program and at a 18 month follow-up. Subjects who indicated they wanted to quit or cut down upon admission, reported less drug use at 18 month follow-up, after controlling for severity of drug problems at intake. Subjects who expressed readiness to change their drug use upon admission decreased their drug use. It is concluded that the Readiness Ruler measures a construct related to actual readiness, supporting its use in the clinical context.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 3
Page 3
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<909>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16839486
Status MEDLINE
AuthorsMadanAK. Orth WS.TernovitsCA. Tichansky DS.
Authors Full Name Madan, Atul K. Orth, Whitney S. Ternovits, Craig A. Tichansky, David S.
Institution
Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Weight Management Center, Methodist University Hospital, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Title
Preoperative carbohydrate "addiction" does not predict weight loss after laparoscopic gastric bypass.
Source
Obesity Surgery. 16(7):879-82, 2006 Jul.
Journal Name
Obesity Surgery
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Weight loss after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) varies. Dietary habits that exist preoperatively may continue after surgery and affect weight loss. This study investigated the hypothesis that preoperative carbohydrate addiction would predict weight loss after laparoscopic gastric bypass. METHODS: 104 consecutive patients in our LRYGBP program were included in the study. A preoperative survey was used to determine level of carbohydrate craving. This survey was scored from 0 to 60. A higher score indicated a higher level of carbohydrate addiction. Percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) was determined after at least 1 year postoperatively in all patients. RESULTS: Data were available in 95 (91%) of the patients. There was no correlation seen between level of carbohydrate addiction and %EWL at 1 year (r=0.02; P=NS). In addition, we looked at patients with successful weight loss (>50% %EWL; n=83) versus those patients who were considered unsuccessful (<50% EWL; n=12). There was no statistical difference in the level of preoperative carbohydrate craving between these 2 groups (36+/-13 vs 33+/-15; P=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Consistently large carbohydrate intake preoperatively does not predict weight loss after LRYGBP. High level of carbohydrate addiction is not a contraindication to LRYGBP.
ISSN Print 0960-8923
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006 Jul
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 7
Volume 16
Page 879-82
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<927>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16504167
Status MEDLINE
Authors Kim TW. Kertesz SG.HortonNJ. Tibbetts N. Samet JH.
Authors Full Name
Kim, Theresa W. Kertesz, Stefan G. Horton, Nicholas J. Tibbetts, Nicole. Samet, Jeffrey H.
Institution
Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, BostonUniversitySchool of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Title
Episodic homelessness and health care utilization in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected persons with alcohol problems.
Source
BMC Health Services Research. 6:19, 2006.
Journal Name
BMC Health Services Research
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1421395
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Because individuals with HIV/AIDS often have complex medical and social needs, the impact of housing status on medical service utilization is difficult to isolate from the impact of conditions that may worsen during periods of homelessness such as depression and substance abuse. We examine whether episodes of homelessness are independently associated with suboptimal medical utilization even when accounting for concurrent addiction severity and depression. METHODS: We used data from a 30-month cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS and alcohol problems. Housing status, utilization (ambulatory visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations) and other features were assessed with standardized research interviews at 6-month intervals. Multivariable longitudinal regression models calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing utilization rates during 6-month intervals (homeless versus housed). Additional models assessed whether addiction severity and depressive symptoms could account for utilization differences. RESULTS: Of the 349 subjects, 139 (39%) reported homelessness at least once during the study period; among these subjects, the median number of nights homeless per 6-month interview period was 30. Homelessness was associated with higher ED utilization (IRR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.72-2.74) and hospitalizations (IRR = 2.30; 1.70-3.12), despite no difference in ambulatory care utilization (IRR = 1.09; 0.89-1.33). These associations were attenuated but remained significant when adjusting for addiction severity and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: In patients with HIV/AIDS and alcohol problems, efforts to improve housing stability may help to mitigate intensive medical utilization patterns.
Publication Type Comparative Study. Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 6
Page 19
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<933>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16303225
Status MEDLINE
Authors Franken IH. Zijlstra C. Muris P.
Authors Full Name Franken, Ingmar H A. Zijlstra, Corien. Muris, Peter.
Institution
Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Title
Are nonpharmacological induced rewards related to anhedonia? A study among skydivers.
Source
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 30(2):297-300, 2006 Mar.
Journal Name
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
It is well-known that persons with a drug addiction experience feelings of anhedonia during "normal" daily activities. It has been proposed that these symptoms of anhedonia are the result of direct pharmacological influences of drugs on the dopamine system. To test the assumption that nonpharmacological processes are also involved in anhedonia, we studied anhedonic symptoms in skydivers who regularly expose themselves to thrillful extreme sport activity and then experience intense hedonic feelings. A group of skydivers completed anhedonia scales and their scores were compared to a control group (a group of rowers). The main finding of the present study was that subjects who engage in the high-risk activity of skydiving, experienced more anhedonic symptoms than subjects who do not engage in such an extreme sport, but rather prefer a low-risk activity like rowing. This finding supports the notion that skydiving has similarities with addictive behaviors and that frequent exposure to "natural high" experiences is related to anhedonia. This suggests that the negative emotional state as observed in drug users may not be exclusively the results of exogenous psychopharmacological effects, but might also result from psychological mechanisms that are partly responsible for these anhedonic feelings.
ISSN Print 0278-5846
Publication Type Comparative Study. Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006 Mar
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 2
Volume 30
Page 297-300
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<391>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007042174
Authors Solla P. Floris G. Tacconi P. Cannas A.
Institution
(Solla) Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 46, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
(Solla, Cannas) Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
(Floris, Tacconi) Department of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Paraphilic behaviours in a parkinsonian patient with hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation.
Source
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 9(6)(pp 767-768), 2006. Date of Publication: Dec 2006.
Abstract
Hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation (HHD) is a well-known neuropsychiatric complication described in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by misuse of and addiction to dopaminergic drugs (Giovannoni et al., 2000). Previous reports have indicated HHD in approximately 3.4% of PD patients, more frequently in males with early onset of the disease (Pezzella et al., 2005). Copyright copyright 2005 CINP.
ISSN 1461-1457
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume 9
Issue Part 6
Page 767-768
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Dec 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL (PAIN ISSUES) 2006<403>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007124899
Authors Balasubramanian S. Hadi I.
Institution
(Balasubramanian) University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, CoventryCV2 2DX, United Kingdom.
(Hadi) Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Farwania Hospital, Kuwait.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Perioperative pain management in patients with chronic pain.
Source
CPD Anaesthesia. 8(3)(pp 109-113), 2006. Date of Publication: 2006.
Abstract
Chronic pain management has evolved into a well-recognised clinical subspecialty. Anaesthetists commonly come across patients with chronic pain on multiple medications including high dose opioids presenting for various surgical procedures. Often these patients are in 'hyperalgesic states' making perioperative pain control challenging. Timely identification of these patients and optimization of their pain control is of immense importance for a successful outcome following surgery. Although this subject is well recognised by pain enthusiasts little is published on this topic. This article reviews the management options of acute perioperative pain in patients with background chronic pain problem.
ISSN 1466-2922
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name CPD Anaesthesia
Volume 8
Issue Part 3
Page 109-113
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 2006
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2006 / HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<413>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007004843
Authors Dennis M.L. Chan Y.-F. Funk R.R.
Institution
(Dennis, Chan, Funk) Chestnut Health Systems, Bloomington, IL, United States.
(Dennis) Chestnut Health Systems, 720 West Chestnut, Bloomington, IL61701, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Development and validation of the GAIN Short Screener (GSS) for internalizing, externalizing and substance use disorders and crime/violence problems among adolescents and adults.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(SUPPL. 1)(pp 80-91), 2006. Date of Publication: 2006.
Abstract
The Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN)<sup>1</sup> is a 1-2 hour standardized biopsychosocial that integrates clinical and research assessment for people presenting to substance abuse treatment. The GAIN - Short Screener (GSS) is 3-5 minute screener to quickly identify those who would have a disorder based on the full 60-120 minute GAIN and triage the problem and kind of intervention they are likely to need along four dimensions (internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance disorders, and crime/violence). Data were collected from 6,177 adolescents and 1,805 adults as part of 77 studies in three dozen locations around the United States that used the GAIN. For both adolescents and adults the 20-item total disorder screener (TDScr) and its four 5-item sub-screeners (internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance disorders, and crime/violence) has good internal consistency (alpha of .96 on total screener), is highly correlated (r = .84 to .94) with the 123-item longer scales in the full GAIN. The GSS also does well in terms of its receiver operator characteristics (90% or more under the curve in all analyses) and has clinical decision-making cut points with excellent sensitivity (90% or more) for identifying people with a disorder and excellent specificity (92% or more) for correctly ruling out people who did not have a disorder. The GSS has good potential as an efficient screener for identifying people with co-occurring disorders across multiple systems and routing them to the right services and more detailed assessments. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.