Background/Introduction

At the request ofAdministrative Offices of the Trial Court, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH),Bureau of Environmental Health (BEH) provided assistance and consultation regarding indoor air quality concerns at The Registry of Deeds (ROD) Office on the fourth floor of the Hall of Justice (HOJ), located at 25 State Street, Springfield, MA. The request was prompted by reports of odors and the detection of refrigerant gas inside the ROD office.

On September 14, 2011, the RODwas visitedby Michael Feeney, Director of BEH’s Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Program,to assess the possible source of odors reported by ROD employees. Prior to this assessment, HOJ staff had conducted air sampling for refrigerant gas (RG), suspecting that a free-standing air conditioner was the source of odors.

Methods

Screening for refrigerant gases (RG)was conducted by HOJ staff using a Bachrach TheInformant 2 Dual Purpose Refrigerant & Combustible Gas Leak Detector (RCD). The RCD can only indicate the presence of an RG and does not provide a quantitative air level.

Results

The ROD has a staff of approximately 20. TheRG air samples were taken throughout the ROD spaceprior to the BEH visit.

Discussion

Odor Investigation

HOJ staff tested a portable air conditioner (AC) brand/modelMovincoolOffice Pro 18, which used Genetron® AZ-20 (R-410A) as its refrigerant (Attachment 1). The portable AC was identified by HOJ staff as the source of RG. Prior to the visit by BEH staff, the portable AC had been deactivated and removed and the area was ventilated by HOJ staff.

The portable AC was installed with its exhaust hose configured to vent into the ceiling plenum above the ROD. The heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system (HVAC) in the HOJ has ducted supply and return vents and therefore does not use a ceiling plenum for return air (MPDH, 2006). “Ceiling plenum return” is an HVAC system configuration that uses the space between the suspended ceiling and floor/roof decking as a duct to return air to the AHU in place of hard ducts. The Movincool Office Pro 18 is designed to vent into a ceiling plenum return system, which would draw the heated air and water vapor to the main air handler unit servicing the area, making it a part of the HVAC system

Because the HOJ does not use the ceiling plenum as part of the HVAC system, the ducting of the portable AC wouldpressurize the ceiling plenum, forcing waste heat and water vapor, and leaking RG if present, through spaces in the ceiling. Gaps in the ceiling tile system in Room 403C (Picture 1) and at the front desk near the main entrance to the ROD (Picture 2) would provide such pathways. In addition, pressurization of the ceiling plenum can force any dirt, dust and loose debris that accumulates above the ceiling tiles into occupied areas, providing sources of eye and respiratory irritation.

Reportedly, once the portable AC was removed from the ROD, no further RG detections were measured in any other location during this assessment with the exception of Room 403C.

According to HOJ staff who had conducted the monitoring with the RCD, a number of anomalous readings, such as detections of refrigerant vapors in outside air, or detections and non-detections in the same location, occurred during the use of the RCD in the ROD. These detections are believed to be false positive readingscaused by the behavior of the RCD when placed in moving air. According to product literature: “False refrigerant indications are usually caused by abnormal changes in sensor temperature. These temperature changes are typically due to a sudden change in air flow past the sensor. To avoid false refrigerant indications, [do not] ...use the detector in windy areas [or] move the probe tip back and forth faster than 2" per second.” (Bacharach, 2011)

The use of this type of a portable AC system in a building without an HVAC air return plenum system is not recommended. This type of system should be ducted directly to the outdoors through an exterior wall or window.

Conclusions/Recommendations

In view of the findings at the time of the visit, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Discontinue the use of the portable AC unit unless it is vented directly outdoors.
  2. ROD staff should consult with HOJ facilities staff on the most appropriate measures to provide additional supply and exhaust ventilation for the ROD offices and work areas.

References

Bacharach. 2011. Bacharach, Inc. Instruction 0019-9211 Operation and Maintenance (Rev. 8). New Kensington, Pennsylvania. June 2011. (

MDPH. 2006. Hall of Justice (HOJ), 50 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts. Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Emergency Response/Indoor Air Quality Program, Boston, MA. May 2006.

1

Picture 1

Space in Suspended Ceiling in Room 403C (arrow)

Picture 2

Space in Suspended Ceiling near the Front Desk near

Main Entrance to the ROD (arrow)

Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
SECTION1.PRODUCT ANDCOMPANYIDENTIFICATION
Productname:Genetron®AZ-20(R-410A)
MSDSNumber:000000009881
ProductUseDescription:Refrigerant
Company:Honeywell International, Inc.
101ColumbiaRoad
Morristown,NJ07962-1057
Formoreinformationcall:800-522-8001
(Monday-Friday,9:00am-5:00pm)
In case ofemergencycall:Medical:1-800-498-5701or+1-651-523-0309
:Transportation:1-800-424-9300or+1-703-527-3887
:(24hours/day,7days/week)
SECTION 2.HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EmergencyOverview
Form: Liquefied gas
Color: colourless
Odor: weak
HazardSummary: Warning! Container under pressure. This product isnot
flammableatambienttemperatures andatmospheric pressure.Gasreducesoxygenavailableforbreathing. Causes asphyxiation in high concentrations. The victim will
not realize that he/sheis suffocating. Inhalation maycause
centralnervoussystemeffects.Maycausecardiac arrhythmia.Maycausedrowsiness anddizziness.Donot breathevapour. Irritatingto eyes and skin. Avoid contact with skin,eyesandclothing.At highertemperatures,(>250C), decompositionproducts mayincludehydrofluoric acid(HF) andcarbonylhalides.TheACGIHThresholdLimitValues (2007)forHydrogenFluorideareTLV-TWA0.5ppmand Ceiling Exposure Limit2 ppm.
Potential Health Effects
Skin: Avoidskincontactwithleakingliquid(dangeroffrostbite).
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
May cause frostbite. Irritating to skin.
Eyes: Causes serious eye irritation.
May cause frostbite.
Ingestion: Unlikely routeof exposure.
Effects due toingestion may include: Gastrointestinal discomfort
Inhalation: Gasreducesoxygenavailableforbreathing.
Causes asphyxiation in high concentrations. The victim will not realize that he/sheis suffocating.
Inhalationmaycausecentralnervous systemeffects. Maycause cardiac arrhythmia.
Vapoursmaycausedrowsinessanddizziness.
ChronicExposure: Noneknown.
Carcinogenicity
Nocomponent of this product present at levels greater than orequal to 0.1% is identifiedas aknown or anticipatedcarcinogenbyNTP, IARC, or OSHA.
SECTION 3.COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ONINGREDIENTS
Chemicalnature: Substance
ChemicalNameCAS-No.Concentration Pentafluoroethane 354-33-6 50.00%
Difluoromethane75-10-550.00%
SECTION 4.FIRST AIDMEASURES
Inhalation:Move to freshair. Ifbreathing is irregular or stopped, administerartificialrespiration. Use oxygen as required, providedaqualifiedoperatorispresent.Callaphysician.Do notgivedrugsfromadrenaline-ephedrinegroup.
Skincontact:Aftercontact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water.
If there is evidence of frostbite, bathe (do not rub) with lukewarm (not hot) water.If water is not available, cover witha clean,softcloth orsimilar covering. Ifsymptoms persist,calla
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
physician.
Eye contact:Rinse immediately with plenty of water, alsounder the eyelids,
for at least 15 minutes. In case of frostbite watershould be lukewarm, not hot.Ifsymptoms persist,calla physician.
Ingestion:Unlikely routeof exposure. Asthis product isa gas, refer to the inhalationsection. Do not induce vomiting without medical advice. Callaphysician immediately.
Notes to physician
Treatment:Becauseofthepossibledisturbancesofcardiacrhythm, catecholaminedrugs,suchasepinephrine,shouldbeused withspecialcautionandonlyin situations of emergency life support.Treatmentofoverexposureshouldbedirectedatthe controlofsymptoms andtheclinicalconditions.Treatfrost- bittenareasas needed.
SECTION 5.FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
Flashpoint:not applicable Ignition temperature:>750 °C (1,382 °F) Lower explosion limit : None
Upperexplosionlimit:None
Specifichazardsduringfire:Contentsunderpressure.
fightingThisproductis not flammable at ambient temperatures and atmosphericpressure.
However, this material canignite whenmixed with air under pressureandexposedtostrongignitionsources.
Containermayrupture onheating.
Coolclosedcontainers exposed to fire with waterspray.
Do not allow run-off fromfire fighting to enter drains or water courses.
Vapoursareheavierthanairandcancausesuffocationby reducingoxygenavailableforbreathing.
Incaseoffirehazardous decompositionproductsmaybe producedsuchas:
Hydrogenhalides Hydrogenfluoride
Carbonmonoxide
Carbondioxide(CO2)
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
Carbonylhalides
Specialprotective:In the event of fire and/orexplosion donot breathe fumes. equipment for fire-fighters Wear self-containedbreathing apparatus andprotective suit.
Nounprotectedexposedskinareas.
SECTION 6.ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personalprecautions:Immediately evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Keeppeopleawayfrom andupwindofspill/leak.
Wear personal protective equipment.Unprotectedpersons mustbekeptaway.
Removeallsourcesofignition.
Avoidskincontactwithleakingliquid(dangeroffrostbite). Ventilate the area.
Afterrelease,dispersesintotheair.
Vapoursareheavierthanairandcancausesuffocationby reducingoxygenavailableforbreathing.
Avoidaccumulationofvapoursinlow areas.
Unprotectedpersonnel should not return until air has been testedanddeterminedsafe.
Ensure that the oxygen content is= 19.5%.
Environmental precautions:Prevent further leakage orspillage if safe to do so.
Theproductevaporatesreadily. Methodsforcleaningup:Ventilatethearea.
SECTION7.HANDLINGANDSTORAGE
Handling
Handling:Handlewithcare.
Avoid inhalation ofvapouror mist.
Do not get ineyes, on skin,or on clothing. Wear personal protective equipment.
Use only in well-ventilatedareas.
Pressurized container. Protect from sunlight and donot expose totemperaturesexceeding50°C.
Followallstandardsafetyprecautionsforhandling anduseof compressedgascylinders.
Use authorized cylinders only.
Protect cylinders from physical damage.
Do not punctureor drop cylinders, expose them toopen flame orexcessiveheat.
Do not pierceor burn, even after use. Do not spray ona naked
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
flameoranyincandescentmaterial.
Donotremovescrewcapuntilimmediatelyreadyforuse. Always replace cap afteruse.
Adviceon protection:The product is not flammable.
against fireand explosionCan forma combustiblemixture with air at pressures above
atmosphericpressure.
Storage
Requirementsforstorage:Pressurized container: Protect from sunlight and donot expose areasandcontainers to temperatures exceeding50 °C. Donot pierceor burn, even
afteruse.
Keepcontainerstightlyclosedin adry, cooland well-ventilated place.
Storageroomsmustbeproperlyventilated.
Ensureadequateventilation,especiallyinconfined areas. Protect cylinders from physical damage.
Store away from incompatible substances.
SECTION 8.EXPOSURECONTROLS/PERSONALPROTECTION
Protective measures:Do not breathevapour.
Avoidcontactwithskin,eyesandclothing.
Ensurethateyewashstationsandsafetyshowersarecloseto the workstation location.
Engineeringmeasures:General roomventilationisadequateforstorageandhandling.
Perform fillingoperationsonlyat stations with exhaust ventilation facilities.
Eye protection:Wear as appropriate:
Safetyglasseswithside-shields
Ifsplashes are likely to occur, wear:
Gogglesor face shield, giving completeprotection to eyes
Hand protection:Leather gloves
Incaseofcontactthroughsplashing: Protective gloves
Neoprenegloves
Polyvinylalcoholornitrile-butyl-rubbergloves
Skinandbodyprotection:Avoidskincontactwithleakingliquid(dangeroffrostbite).
Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection. Respiratoryprotection:In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
equipment.
Wear apositive-pressuresupplied-airrespirator.
Vapoursareheavierthanairandcancausesuffocationby reducingoxygenavailableforbreathing.
Forrescue andmaintenanceworkinstoragetanksuseself- containedbreathingapparatus.
Hygienemeasures:Handlein accordancewithgoodindustrialhygiene andsafety
practice.
Ensureadequateventilation,especiallyinconfined areas. Avoidcontactwithskin,eyesandclothing.
Removeandwashcontaminatedclothingbeforere-use. Keepworkingclothesseparately.
ExposureGuidelines
Difluoromethane75-10-5WEELTWA1,000 ppm2,200
mg/m3
HONEYWELL TWA1,000ppm
Pentafluoroethane354-33-6WEELTWA1,000 ppm4,900
mg/m3
HONEYWELL TWA1,000ppm
SECTION 9.PHYSICALANDCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Form: Liquefied gas
Color: colourless
Odor: weak
pH: neutral
Freezing point: not determined Boiling point/boiling range: -48.5°C (-55.3 °F)
Vaporpressure: 14,844hPa
at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F)
Vaporpressure: 33,798hPa
at 54.4 °C (129.9 °F)
Relativevapour density: 3
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
(Air=1.0)
Density: 1.08 g/cm3
at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F)
Water solubility: no data available
Partition coefficient: n-: log Pow:1.48 octanol/water
Partition coefficient: n-: log Pow:0.21 octanol/water
SECTION10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Conditions to avoid: Pressurized container. Protect from sunlight and donot
expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C. Decomposesunderhightemperature.
Some risk may be expected of corrosiveand toxic decompositionproducts.
Can forma combustiblemixture with air at pressures above atmosphericpressure.
Donotmixwithoxygenorairaboveatmospheric pressure.
Materials toavoid: Finely dividedaluminium Potassium
Calcium Powdered metals AluminiumMagnesium
Zinc
Hazardousdecomposition: Incaseoffirehazardous decompositionproductsmaybe products producedsuchas:
Hydrogenfluoride Carbonylhalides Carbonmonoxide Carbondioxide(CO2)
Thermaldecomposition: >250°C
Hazardousreactions: Hazardouspolymerisationdoesnotoccur.
Stableundernormalconditions.
SECTION11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Acute inhalation toxicity
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2 / RevisionDate10/04/2010 / Print Date 11/15/2010
Pentafluoroethane
Difluoromethane
SensitisationPentafluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Repeateddose toxicity Pentafluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Genotoxicity in vitro Pentafluoroethane
Difluoromethane / : 769000 ppm
Exposure time:4h Species: rat
769000ppm Exposure time:4h Species: rat
: LC50:520000ppm
Exposure time:4h Species: rat
: Cardiacsensitization Species:dogs
Note: No-observed-effect level 75,000 ppm
Lowest observable effect level 100,000ppm
: Cardiacsensitization Species:dogs
Note: No-observed-effect level
>350,000ppm
: Species: rat Application Route: Inhalation Exposure time:(4 Weeks) NOEL:50000 ppm
Subchronictoxicity
: Species: rat Application Route: Inhalation Exposure time:(90 d) NOEL:50000 ppm
Subchronictoxicity
:Test Method: Ames test Result:negative
:Test Method: Ames test Result:negative
:Cell type: Human lymphocytes
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2 / RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
Genotoxicity in vivo Difluoromethane
Teratogenicity Pentafluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Further information / Result:negative
:Cell type: Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Result:negative
:Cell type: Human lymphocytes Result:negative
Method: Mutagenicity (in vitro mammalian cytogenetic test)
:Test Method: Chromosomeaberration test in vitro Result:negative
:Species: mouse
Cell type: Bone marrow
Method:Mutagenicity(micronucleustest) Result:negative
: Species: rabbit Application Route: Inhalation exposure NOAEL,Teratog: 50,000ppm
NOAEL,Maternal: 50,000ppm
Note: Didnot show teratogenic effects inanimal experiments.
Species: rat Application Route: Inhalation exposure NOAEL,Teratog: 50,000ppm
NOAEL,Maternal: 50,000ppm
Note: Didnot show teratogenic effects inanimal experiments.
: Species: rat Dose:NOEL-50,000ppm
Note: Didnot show teratogenic effects inanimal experiments.
Species:rabbit Dose:NOEL-50,000ppm
Note: Didnot show teratogenic effects inanimal experiments.
:Acute toxicityVapoursareheavierthanairandcancause suffocationbyreducingoxygenavailableforbreathing.Rapid evaporationof the liquid may cause frostbite. May cause cardiacarrhythmia.
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
SECTION 12.ECOLOGICALINFORMATION
Biodegradability
Pentafluoroethane: Result: Not readily biodegradable.
Value:5%
Method: OECD 301D
Difluoromethane: Note: Minimal
Furtherinformationon ecology
Additional ecological: Thisproductis subject to U.S. Environmental Protection information AgencyCleanAirActRegulationsat40CFRPart82.
Thisproductcontainsgreenhousegaseswhichmay contributetoglobalwarming.Do NOT vent to the atmosphere. To comply with provisions of the U.S. Clean Air Act,any residualmustberecovered.
SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
WasteInformation:ObserveallFederal, State, and Local Environmental regulations. Additional advice: Thisproductis subject to U.S. Environmental Protection
AgencyCleanAirActRegulationsSection608in40CFRPart 82regardingrefrigerantrecycling.
SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
DOTUN/IDNo.: UN3163
Propershippingname: LIQUEFIEDGAS, N.O.S.
(Pentafluoroethane,Difluoromethane)
Class2.2
Packing group
HazardLabels2.2
IATAUN/IDNo.: UN3163
Descriptionofthegoods: LIQUEFIEDGAS, N.O.S.
(Pentafluoroethane,Difluoromethane)
Class: 2.2
HazardLabels: 2.2 Packinginstruction(cargo: 200
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
aircraft)
Packinginstruction: 200 (passengeraircraft)
IMDGUN/IDNo.: UN3163
Descriptionofthegoods: LIQUEFIEDGAS, N.O.S.
(PENTAFLUOROETHANE, DIFLUOROMETHANE)
Class: 2.2
HazardLabels: 2.2
EmS Number: F-C
Marinepollutant: no
SECTION 15.REGULATORYINFORMATION
Inventories
1907/2006(EU): Thismixturecontains onlyingredientswhich havebeensubject
toapre-registrationaccordingtoRegulation(EC)No. 1907/2006 (REACH).
US. Toxic Substances: On TSCA Inventory Control Act
Australia. Industrial: On the inventory, or in compliance withthe inventory Chemical(Notificationand
Assessment)Act
Canada.Canadian: All components of this product areon theCanadianDSL list. Environmental Protection
Act (CEPA). Domestic Substances List(DSL). (Can. Gaz. Part II, Vol. 133)
Japan.Kashin-HouLaw: On the inventory, or in compliance withthe inventory List
Korea.ToxicChemical: On the inventory, or in compliance withthe inventory ControlLaw(TCCL)List
Philippines.TheToxic: On the inventory, or in compliance withthe inventory Substances andHazardous
andNuclearWasteControl Act
China. Inventory of Existing: On the inventory, or in compliance withthe inventory Chemical Substances
NZIOC- New Zealand: On the inventory, or in compliance withthe inventory
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
National regulatoryinformation
SARA311/312Hazards: AcuteHealthHazard
SuddenReleaseofPressureHazard
California Prop. 65: WARNING! This product contains a chemical known to the
State of California to cause cancer. Dichloromethane75-09-2
: WARNING! This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause birthdefectsorotherreproductive harm.
Chloromethane74-87-3
MassachusettsRTK: Dichloromethane75-09-2
NewJerseyRTK: Difluoromethane75-10-5
PennsylvaniaRTK: Difluoromethane75-10-5
WHMIS Classification: A
Thisproducthasbeenclassifiedaccordingtothehazardcriteria of the CPRand the MSDScontains allof the information
requiredbytheCPR.
Globalwarming potential: 1,975
Ozonedepletionpotential: 0
(ODP)
Material Safety DataSheet
Genetron®410A
Version2RevisionDate10/04/2010Print Date 11/15/2010
SECTION 16.OTHERINFORMATION
HMIS IIINFPA
Health hazard: 12
Flammability: 11
PhysicalHazard:0
Instability:0