KEY!!! Guided Reading: Geography handbook-Read pages 2-13 to complete the following outline.
I. How do I study Geography?
A. The five themes of geography:
1. location
2. place
3. human/environment interaction
4. movement
5. regions
B. Six Essential elements
1. Element 1: The World in Spatial Terms
a. location: where is it?
2. Element 2: Places and Regions
a. place: describes characteristics, physical or humans
b. region: united by one or more common characteristic
3. Element 3: Physical systems
a. how do things like hurricanes, volcanoes shape the earth’s surface. includes communities of plants and animals
4. Element 4: Human Systems
a. how people have shaped our world
b. movement of people, goods, and ideas
5. Element 5: Environment and Society
a. how do people use and affect the environment around them?
6. Element 6: The Uses of Geography
a. relationships among people, places & environments over time
II, How do I use maps and globes?
A. Hemispheres
1. Equator: line of latitude that circles the middle of the earth. Divided into N & S hemisphere
2. hemisphere: “half sphere”
3. Prime Meridian: imaginary line running from North to South. Divides Earth into E & W hemisphere
III. Understanding latitude and longitude
A. Latitude: (or parallels) circle the earth parallel to the Equator.
B. Longitude: (or meridians) circle the earth from pole to pole
C. Absolute location: the precise spot where one line of latitude crosses one line of longitude
IV. From Globes to Maps
A. From Globes to maps
1. globe: a round scale model of the earth
2. map: flat drawing of all or part of the earth’s surface
3. cartographer: mapmaker
4. Great Circle Routes
a. great circle: an imaginary line that follows the curve of the earth
b. great circle route: travelling along a great circle
5. Mapmaking with technology
a. geographic information systems: (GIS) layers map data from satellite images, printed text, and statistics
b. Global Positioning System: (GPS) locates places using coordinates broadcast by satellites
V. Common Map Projections
A. Goode’s Interrupted Equal Area Projection: shows continents close to their true shapes and sizes
B. Robinson’s projection: has distortion at the poles
C. Winkel Tripel Projection: good overall view of continent’s shapes and sizes
D. Mercator Projection: shows true direction and accurate land shapes, but does not accurately show size or distance
VI. Parts of Maps
A. Map Key: explains the lines, symbols, and colors used on a map
B. Scale Bar: measuring line
C. Compass Rose: symbol that tells where the cardinal directions are
VII. Types of maps
A. General Purpose Maps: show a wide range of general information about an area
B. Physical maps: show landforms and physical features
C. Political Maps: show names and boundaries of countries
D. Contour Maps: shows elevation
1. contour lines: a line for each major level of elevation
E. Special Purpose maps
1. thematic maps: show specific topics in detail
2. special purpose maps: “ “ “ “ “
VIII. Using graphs, charts and diagrams
A. Graphs
1. Axes: the vertical line along the left side of a graph and the horizontal line at the bottom
B. Bar and line graphs
1. bar graph: uses bars or wide lines to compare data visually
2: line graphs:
c. Circle graphs
6. Charts
a. charts
7. Pictographs
1. pictographs:
F. Climographs
1. Climographs
G. Diagrams
1. diagram
2. elevation profile