Group Work on Organelles:

An example is given. Please complete using the information in your book (pp. 36-42).

Organelle / Structure / Form Follows Function / Function
Plasma Membrane / Phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded / Bilayer creates barrier between outside and inside the cell the proteins create channels to allow the selective movement of molecules. / Regulates homeostasis between external environment and the cell.
Nucleus / Nucleolus / Has a nuclear envelope surrounding nucleoplasm. Envelope has pores. Contains chromatin (DNA). / Protects the DNA from the rest of the cell environment-but permits proteins to enter and leave the nucleus and mRNA to leave for protein synthesis. / Stores genetic info which determines characteristics of the body.
Nucleolus: makes ribosomes.
Ribosome / Protein and RNA in two subunits. Can be attached to the Rough ER. / Size allows them to be connected to the ER. Two parts allow it to clamp on to the mRNA so that it can read the genetic code. / Protein Synthesis (makes proteins)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum / Membranous saccules and channels studded with ribosomes. / Ribosome attachment makes the proteins directly enter the ER – no energy is wasted on transporting them.
- increased S.A. / Modification and editing of proteins created by the ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum / Same but without ribosomes. / Close to golgi for ease of packaging of products for exocytosis.
- increased S.A. / Synthesizes phospholipids, detox drugs, and makes fat based steroids and hormones.
Golgi Apparatus / Stacks of membranous saccules.
Made of the same material as the plasma membrane. / Close to ER (product makers) so it can package their goods. Also close to plasma membrane for exocytosis.
- increased S.A. / Process and package molecules.
Vesicle / Small membranous sacs that pinch off of the golgi. / Pieces of golgi – they are the packages. Close to membrane for exocytosis. Made of same bilayer so chemically compatable. / Carry proteins and other products to the membrane or to a lysosome.
Lysosome/Peroxisome / Membrane bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes or (H2O2). / Can move around to bind with vesicles containing material to be digested. Contained so that it doesn’t digest other organelles. / Digestion of unwanted material (dead cells, bacteria, viruses, etc.)
Mitochondria / Double layered membrane. Inner membrane folded to form cristae. Within the inner membrane is an enzyme matrix. / The folds of the cristae increase surface area for the production of ATP. The matrix allows the enzymes needed for the chemical reactions to be activated for respiration. / Production of ATP through cellular respiration.
Sugar + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
Cytoskeleton / Protein fibers within the cytoplasm / Bones of the cell.
Highway system for nuclear division (creates spindle fibers) / Structure and movement inside the cell.
Cilia/Flagella / Protein filaments extentions of cytoplasm / Protein stablizes the projections. / Move cell or help sweep debris over surface of cell.
Centriole / Made of protein filaments. / Protein stabilizes for use during nuclear division / Creates spindle fibers.