Greece & Rome 6-weeks Test Review with ANSWERS!!

Greece

For each term or name below, briefly explain its connection to classical Greece.

  1. Homer (pg. 125)

Blind poet who told the story of the Iliad and Odyssey, which were epics

Epics are narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds

  1. Polis (pg. 127)

Greek city-state; fundamental political unit in ancient Greece

  1. Democracy (pg. 128)

Started in Athens; rule by the people; citizens participated in political decision making

  1. Philosophers (pg. 139)

“lovers of wisdoms” ; people determined to seek the truth

  1. Pericles (pg. 134)

Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, and respected general; had 3 goals for Athens (1) to strengthen Athenian democracy, (2) to hold and strengthen the empire, (3) to glorify Athens … his reforms brought about direct democracy

  1. Alexander the great (pg. 143)

Son of Phillip II; King of Macedonia; conquered India, Persia, Egypt; left a legacy

  1. Hellenistic (pg. 146)

Blending of cultures: Greek, Indian, Egyptian, and Persian which were a result of Alexander the Great’s empire

  1. What were some influences and events that led to the development of classical Greece? (pg. 123-126) physical geography; influences of Mycenaean and Minoans
  2. Why did the Greeks develop myths? (pg. 123-126)

To explain mysteries of nature and human behavior; also to teach cultural values

  1. What were the two most powerful city-states in Greece? (pg. 127-133)

Athens and Sparta

  1. What were the consequences of the Persian Wars? (pg. 127-133)

Delian League was formed, Athens became the dominant Greek city-state

  1. What were Pericles 3 goals for Athens? (pg. 134-141)

1)to strengthen Athenian democracy, (2) to hold and strengthen the empire, (3) to glorify Athens

  1. What is a direct democracy? (134-135)

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

  1. What rights and responsibilities do citizens have in the Athenian democracy?(134-135)

Citizens were entitled to certain rights, while non-citizens had few protections and could never become citizens

  1. Who were the three renowned philosophers of the golden age? (pg 134-141)

Socrates – wanted people to think about their values and actions – questioning method

Plato – wrote the Republic, about a perfectly governed society

Aristotle - developed rules of logic; basis for scientific method

  1. Why was Greece so easily conquered by Macedonia? (142-145)

Greek city-states were weakened and divided after the Peloponnesian War and could not agree on a defensive strategy. Philip II had a powerful army and used brilliant military tactics.

  1. What was the full extent of Alexander’s empire before his death? (142-145)

The empire reached across three continents from Greece in the west, India in the east, Macedonia in the north, and Egypt in the south

  1. What four influences blend to create Hellenistic culture? (146-149)

Egyptian, Persian, Greek, Indian

  1. What are some of the scientific achievements of the Hellenistic period? (146-149)

Astronomy: Eratosthenes estimated Earth’s size and hypothesized about motions of bodies of solar system

Geometry: Euclid organized findings of Greek geometry

Archimedes discovered laws governing simple machines and a value for pi

  1. Who had achievements in mathematics? What were their names & achievements?

Pythagoras & Euclid

  1. What values of Greek society are demonstrated in the subjects of their sculpture? (149)

Religion

  1. Ancient Greece is best remembered for creating which form of literature?

Drama

Rome

For each term or name below, briefly explain its connection to ancient Rome or the Rise of Christianity.

  1. Republic (156) – a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders; in Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born males
  1. Senate (157) – the aristocratic branch of Rome’s government; consisted of 300 members and had both legislative and administrative functions in the republic
  1. Julius Caesar (161) – military leader; named consul; member of first triumvirate; named dictator for life; had many reforms; assassinated by senate
  1. Augustus (162) – “exalted one” – first emperor of Roman Empire; reigned during PaxRomana
  1. Jesus (168) – born in Bethlehem; had ministry at age 30; crucified by Romans; rose after death; his teachings were spread throughout the empire by apostles
  1. Constantine (171) – Roman emperor; in Edict of Milan declared Christianity to be a religion approved by the emperor
  1. Inflation (173) – a drastic drop in the value of money coupled with rising prices
  1. Paul (170) – apostle; had a vision of Christ; spent life spreading and interpreting teachings of Jesus

Pages 155-159

  1. What influences and events led to the development of the Roman Republic?

Civilizations of Latins, Greeks, Etruscans; Tarquin the Proud being driven from power

  1. Name three parts of the government under the Roman Republic.

Consuls, senate, assembly

  1. What are the 12 tables?

Rome’s legal laws or legal system

  1. Who is Julius Caesar?

Military leader; named consul; member of first triumvirate; named dictator for life; had many reforms; assassinated by senate

  1. What impact did Julius have on Rome?

After death: Romans no longer trusted the senate

End of Republic, beginning of Empire

  1. What is a triumvirate?

A group of three rulers; The first triumvirate consisted of Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus; The second triumvirate was Marc Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus

Pages 160-167

  1. How did Augustus change Roman government?

He became sole ruler of the empire

  1. How did Rome’s population fare during the golden age of PaxRomana?

Much of the population was jobless. The government supported the poor with food and entertainment. Rich Romans lived extravagantly.

pages 168-172

  1. How did the apostle Paul encourage the spread of Christianity?

Paul traveled widely, preaching the message of Jesus. He declared that Christianity welcomed anyone, Jew or non-Jew.

  1. Why did the Roman emperors persecute Christians?

They disobeyed Roman authority by refusing to worship Roman gods

  1. Why were the Romans concerned about the message of Jesus? What did it lead to?

They were concerned with Jesus’ popularity and a rebellion. It lead to Jesus being crucified.

Pages 173-177

  1. Explain the multiple causes of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
  1. Political – Division of the empire; military interference with politics; moving of capital to Byzantium
  1. Social – low confidence in empire, corruption; disloyalty, lack of patriotism; contrast between rich and poor; decline in population due to disease and food shortage
  1. Economic – poor harvests; disruption of trade; inflation; tax burden; gold and silver drain; widening gap between rich & poor
  1. Military – threat from northern European tribes; low funds for defense; decline of loyalty among soldiers
  1. What was the most significant reform that the emperor Diocletian made?

Division of the Roman Empire into two kingdoms

  1. How did the Western Roman Empire fall?

Political, Social, Economic, and Military factors (See chart pg 174) and the repeated invasions of the Germanic tribes

  1. What was the Eastern Kingdom called?

Byzantine Empire – consisted of Greece, Anatolia, Egypt, and Syria

  1. Who were the Hun? What did they do?

Mongol nomads from central Asia, who moved into the region, and destroyed all in their path. Their movement caused Germanic people to be pushed into Roman lands. The Huns united as one under Attila the Hun and terrorized both halves of the empire.

  1. Who were the Vandals? What did they do?

The Vandals were a Germanic tribe that ousted Rome’s last ruler, Romulus Augustulus from power.

Pages 178-183

  1. Why did so much of Roman culture have a Greek flavor?

Romans admired Greek art, architecture, literature, and philosophy, and merged them into their own culture.

  1. What aspects of Roman culture influenced future civilizations?

Had it not been for Roman culture influence…European languages might sound different. Legal systems might not place as much emphasis on personal rights. The Christian church and Western architecture, literature, and philosophy may have evolved differently.

From notes:

What were the roles of women in Greece?

Stayed home; could not own property; not considered a citizen; little education, maybe could read

What were the roles of women in Rome?

Take care of the home; could own property and work outside the home; arranged marriages; valued marriage, home, and family

How is the Roman Republic government similar to the modern U.S. government?

What are some similarities in Greece and Rome?

Culture:valued strength, women had similar roles

Government: had some form of democracy; built mighty empires

Art/Science: displayed sculptures and paintings, dramas, both had many advances in science

Religion: Believed in many gods

See page 175 in textbook for reference!

Label:

CarthageRomeGreeceItalyAnatolia

Gaul (France)EgyptSyriaBritainAfrica

ConstantinopleMediterranean SeaAdriatic SeaAegean Sea

Draw a line representing the split of the East and West Roman Empires.