Name: ______
Global II Midterm Review Sheet
GLOBAL I Material:
1. What geographic feature has been of the most importance to early civilizations?___
_____Rivers fertile land______
2. What is a chain of islands called? ______Archipelago______
3. Give 2 examples a nation that is a chain of islands? Japan______, __Philippines
4. What 2 geographic features have traditionally limited cultural diffusion?
* mountains
* deserts
5. A variety of cultures in a given area is due to geographic factors__
6. Define the term culture: __The beliefs and ideas of a group of people, traditions
______
7. The study of early (ancient) peoples is known as? __anthropology______
8. What makes up a groups culture?__Way of life, religion, economy, food supply (all ways in which a group lives)
______
9. The spread of goods and ideas from one area to another is known as? _Cultural Diffusion
______
10. Define hunter and gatherers ____Nomadic peoples who followed and gathered their food______
11. Define Neolithic Revolution _New Stone Age….Birth of farming, new technologies ______
12. Define Paleolithic Revolution ___Old Stone Age, hunters and gatherers__
______
13. Define Traditional Economy _Economy based on the past, farming, hunting and gathering, barter system______
14. What is the major belief of Animism?_All living and non living things have a spirit. Polythestic/ Ancestor Worship
15. What is a griot?_Oral story teller of ancient Africa______
16. Written down laws are? _Codified______
17. Who was Hammurabi? King of Babylon, Middle Eastern Kingdom______
18. Why is he famous (be specific)? Wrote laws that set punishments for breaking the law
______
19. Where did the concept of Democracy arise? Athens, Greece______
20. Define Democracy: _Political System where the citizens have a say in gov’t and voting rights.
______
21. Define Totalitarian:_Government where the leader has total control over the lives of the people.______
22. Define ABSOLUTISM: Political system in Western Europe where the King and Queen control the nation. Rule through Divine Right (Monarchs CENTRALIZE POWER)
23.Define Golden Age: Period of wealth and peace in an empire. Many Advancements are made in education, art and literature.
24. Name 2 advances of the Golden Age of Muslim culture
- Mathematics (algebra)______
- Advancements in science______
25. What is the Koran (Quran)? Islamic Holy Book______
Draw the Feudal Hierarchy of Europe
King/Queen
Lords/ Ladies
Vassals
Knights
Peasants
Serfs
26. Those who owned the most Land______held the most Power______in Feudal
Europe______.
27. Define Manorialism: Economic system of Middle Ages______
28. Define Feudalism: Political system of the Middle Ages linking nobles and peasants
Peasants- Grew food and built the infrastructure for the nobility
Lords- Protected peasants so they would grow food and build the infrastructure
29. Describe the influence of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages.
Church was a guiding force and held a great deal of power.______
30. Define humanism: __The concept of the Renaissance which focuses on human aspects in art and writing. Individuality
31. What was the Renaissance and when did it occur? Turning point that educated people in challenging authority. Reawakening of the art styles of the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
(1300-1600s)
32. Name 2 famous writers of the Renaissance and what they wrote:
*_Cervantes, Don Quixote
* Niccolo Machiavelli, THE PRINCE
*_Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet
33. What invention will help with the spread of education, increase in literacy and “new” ideas?
_Printing Press
34. Who invented it?__Johnanns Gutenburg______
- What Turning Point was sparked by the Printing Press? Protestant Reformation
- What was its purpose? To reform the abuses of the Catholic Church
35. Define IMPERIALISM:_When a powerful nation takes over a weaker one for social, political and economic benefits.
36. What 2 nations imperialized South America beginning in the late 1400s?
* Spain
* Portugal
37. What was the encomienda system? _Forced labor system used on native Americans by the Spanish imperialists.
38. RELIGIONS:
Religions
Origin?Founder?
When? /
Beliefs
- Rules followed- Holy Books /
Impacts
/ Spread:- To where?
- How?
Buddhism
- India (Nepal)
- Siddartha Gutama
- 500s BCE / 8 Fold Path
4 Noble Truths
Reincarnation
Tripitaka / Split between Hindu and Buddhist Indians
Practice of Zen arises / * Korea, Japan
-missionaries
- travel
-trade
- War
Christianity
- Middle East
(Roman Empire)
- Jesus
- after 30 CE / 10 Commandments
Forgiveness
Bible / Wars (crusades)
Persecurion of groups
Guiding force for people / * Europe, Americas, Asia
- Missionaries
- War
- Conquest
-Trade, Travel (Crusades)
Judaism
- Middle East
- Abraham
- 4000 years ago / 10 Commandments
Talmud
Torah / Monotheism
Development of Christianity and Islam
persecution / * Europe, Eastern Europe, Americas
- Missionaries
- War
- Conquest
-Trade, Travel (Crusades)
Islam
- Mecca, Saudia Arabia
- Mohammad
- 622 CE / 5 Pillars of Faith
Koran / Divisions: Cause: Who should claim title of Caliph
* Sunni – Caliph from descendant of Muhammad
* Shiite- Caliph from descendent of Ali
* war / * Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia, Americas
- Missionaries
- War
- Conquest
-Trade, Travel (Crusades)
Hinduism
- India
- Aryans
- over 5000 years ago / Dharma
Karma
Caste System
Reincarnation
Vedas
Upanishads / Legal discrimination between castes
War / * East Asia, Korea, Americas
-missionaries
- travel
- trade
- War
39. What are Natural Rights and who promoted this idea? Life, liberty and ownership of property…….John Locke______
40. What were 2 results of the Glorious Revolution in England?
* English Bill of Rights
* Limited monarchy in England
41. How did the West African Kingdoms of Africa make their wealth? (Be specific) Sub Saharan Trade Routes…Trading Gold and Salt
GLOBAL II Material:
42. The Enlightenment and the Renaissance encouraged people to _Think and reason…challenge authority who?_Church and Government______
43. What was the Enlightenment and when did it occur?_Period of “new” thinking about government and politics. Happened in 1700s.
44. Describe 2 famous people associated with the Enlightenment:
* John Locke
* Voltaire
45. What is a revolution? Event that causes change to occur
46. What are 2 examples of revolutions?
* French Revolution (1789)
* Scientific Revolution (1500-1600s)
47. What is 1 common cause of many revolutions?_Oppressed group speaks up because they are tired of being abused.
48. What are 2 common results of revolutions?
* Majority of people gain some rights
* Change in leadership
49. The revolution that utilized OBSERVATION and REASON: Scientific______
50. Name 2 people associated with the Scientific Revolution:
* Copernicus/ Galileo
* Frances Bacon/ Newton
51. What was Karl Marx’s philosophy when it came to workers of the industrial revolution?
_They were used and abused) (exploited) ______
52. Who advocated for laissez fair? Adam Smith______
53. Where did he write about this?_The Wealth of Nations______
54. What about Russia’s geography helped protect them against France’s invasion in the
1800’s?_Location, Size and Winters______
55.Why is the Protestant Reformation considered a Turning Point: _Caused there to be a change in the relationship between European nations (ended religious unity), new religion arose, and challenging of authority came about
56. What revolution began in Great Britain in 1750?_Industrial Revolution______
Why?__Natural Resources available, supportive gov’t, strong economic system
57. What 2 economic systems develop due to the Industrial Revolution, and who is associated
with each:
* _Capitalism______, _Adam Smith______
* _Socialism (Communism)______, _Karl Marx______
- Who were the “Haves” and “Have Nots”? Those of Welath (Employers) and the working class (factory workers- poor)
58. Creation of labor unions and urbanization were 2 Results______of the
Industrial Revolution.
59. The statement, “Government, keep your hands off of big business” is most likely
associated with whom? _Adam Smith______
60. Why did so many people support Napoleon coming to power in France: He brought STABILITY to France.
61. What was the Congress of Vienna? _Meeting after the French Revolution in which European leaders met to make sure a Revolution doesn’t happen in their nation…..restore order to Europe
62. What caused the Congress of Vienna to meet?_French Revolution____
63. Independence movements and unification movements were spurred by
what?_NATIONALISM______
64. What is needed for unification and independence movements to be successful?
_Strong Leaders______
65. What individual worked for a nonviolent independence movement in his nation?
__Gandhi- India____
66. Through what nonviolent means did __Gandhi___ encourage India’s independence
movement:
* Salt March
* Fasting
67. In many nations that were imperialized by Europeans, what group of people has
maintained control, especially in South America? Wealthy _LANDOWNERS___
68. Name 2 European nations that were unified in the 1800s:
* Italy
* Germany
69. The Boxer Rebellion occurred in what nation and WHY? _China…..to rid China of foreign influences.
70. Why did European nations look to Africa to imperialize? __for natural resources so as to make money
71. What was the race to Africa in the 1800s known as? __Scramble for Africa
72. Place the following Turning Points in chronological order (with dates)
· Crusades, French Revolution, Enlightenment, Renaissance
- Crusades (1095-1296)
- Renaissance (1300-1600)
- Enlightenment (1700s)
- French Revolution (1789-1815)
73. What nation was the “King/Queen” of Imperialism? __GREAT BRITAIN______
74. Where did they imperialize?: _North America, India, Africa, China (Sphere of Influence)