Geologists Use the Mineral S Grains Size, Shape and Composition to ______

Name: ______Period: ______

Rocks pp.304-311

A rock is ______

Geologists use the mineral’s grains size, shape and composition to ______.

Types of Rock

Igneous - made when magma or lava ______

Magma is melted rock that’s ______, above ground it’s called ______

Sedimentary - made where sediment is ______

sediment - rocks broken into ______

Metamorphic - made when any ______, ______or even another metamorphic rock is exposed to extreme ______and ______

Rock Cycle - shows how rocks change from one type to another type

p.311 How do scientists know how old rocks are? ______

Igneous Rock pp.314-320

Magma is ______, lava is ______

When magma or lava ______and ______, it becomes an igneous rock

Extrusive igneous rock forms on/above the Earth’s surface. Cools too fast for ______

Examples: ______, ______

Intrusive igneous rock forms underground. Cools very slowly so crystals are ______

Examples: ______, ______, ______

p.320 How do geologists know there is a super volcano under Yellowstone National Park?

Sedimentary Rock pp.324-330

Layers of ______are deposited over time. Mineral act like cement to hold the grains together.

Clastic sedimentary rock is made of broken pieces of ______and ______

Examples: ______, ______

Chemical sedimentary rock is made when minerals ______from water

Usually made of one mineral, all same color

Examples: ______, ______and ______

Biochemical sedimentary rock is made by or contains remains of ______

Examples: ______, ______, ______

Coal is made of the remains of ______and ______from prehistoric (dinosaur times!) swamps

p.330 How did the crystals in the cave grow so big?

Why did they stop growing?

Metamorphic Rocks pp.334-340

An original rock is changed by ______and ______into a completely different, new type of rock. The original rock that changes is called the ______

Foliated metamorphic rock contains parallel ______or bands of flat and elongated minerals.

Examples: ______, ______, ______, ______

Nonfoliated metamorphic rock have mineral grains with a random texture (no bands)

Examples: ______, ______

p.340 Pink granite from the Llano Uplift was used to build the Texas capitol in Austin. How did Enchanted Rock near Fredricksburg become exposed to the surface?