Supplementary materials

GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON RICE GRAIN ARSENIC CONCENTRATION IN BANGLADESH

Journal Name: Plant and Soil

Zia U. Ahmed, Golam M. Panaullah, Hugh Gauch Jr, Susan R. McCouch, Wricha Tyagi, Mohammed S. Kabir, and John M. Duxbury*

Zia U. Ahmed

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 1018 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University,

Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.

Email:

Phone +01-607-255-9387

Golam M. Panaullah

Consultant, Cornell University USDA Food For Progress Program (Bangladesh), House 6, Road 6, Sector 3, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh.

Email:

Phone: +088-01713000150

Hugh Gauch Jr

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 519 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.

Email:

Phone: +1-607-255-7764

Susan R. McCouch

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 162 Emerson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

Email:

Phone: +1-607-255-0420

Wricha Tyagi

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 259 Emerson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

Email:

Phone : +1-607-255-2089

Mohammed S. Kabir

Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Email:

Phone: 9252580;9257401-5 Ext. 498

John M. Duxbury (*Corresponding author)

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 917 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

Email:

Phone: +1-607-255-1732

Table 1 Grain yield (t/ha) of rice varieties

Variety / Genetic sub-population / Photo-sensitivity Indexa / Season / Grain yield (t/ha)b
BAR / BHAd / COM / GAZ / HABd / KUS / RAJ / RAN / SAT / SONd
BR3c / Indica / Low / Aman / 2.6 / 2.1 / 3.0 / 2.4 / 2.4 / 4.1 / 5.6 / 3.1
BR4 / Indica / Strong / Aman / 2.9 / 2.4 / 4.6 / 3.3 / 4.4 / 3.2 / 6.2 / 3.7
BR5 / Aromatic / Strong / Aman / 2.6 / 1.3 / 3.1 / 3.0 / 2.9 / 2.3 / 3.5 / 3.2
BR10 / Indica / Moderate / Aman / 3.9 / 2.6 / 4.5 / 2.9 / 4.4 / 3.2 / 6.2 / 2.7
BR11 / Indica / Moderate / Aman / 3.4 / 2.4 / 4.3 / 3.3 / 3.9 / 3.6 / 6.6 / 3.6
BR22 / Indica / Strong / Aman / 4.0 / 2.3 / 3.8 / 3.8 / 4.9 / 2.8 / 5.2 / 4.4
BR23 / Indica / Strong / Aman / 3.6 / 2.2 / 4.4 / 3.4 / 3.7 / 2.1 / 5.6 / 4.5
BR25 / Indica / Low / Aman / 3.5 / 2.4 / 2.8 / 3.2 / 3.3 / 2.5 / 4.9 / 4.6
BR30 / Indica / Moderate / Aman / 3.7 / 2.9 / 4.1 / 3.0 / 4.1 / 3.2 / 5.2 / 3.4
BR31 / Indica / Low / Aman / 2.5 / 2.9 / 4.1 / 3.4 / 4.4 / 2.8 / 5.9 / 3.8
BR32 / Indica / Low / Aman / 3.7 / 2.6 / 3.9 / 3.8 / 4.2 / 3.1 / 5.6 / 4.3
BR33 / Admixed / Moderate / Aman / 1.8 / 2.6 / 2.6 / 2.8 / 4.1 / 3.1 / 5.2 / 3.7
BR34 / Aromatic / Strong / Aman / 2.6 / 1.8 / 3.1 / 2.9 / 3.3 / 2.2 / 3.8 / 3.4
BR37 / Aromatic / Strong / Aman / 2.8 / 1.9 / 3.4 / 2.8 / 3.9 / 2.1 / 3.7 / 3.3
BR38 / Aromatic / Strong / Aman / 3.1 / 1.8 / 3.3 / 3.7 / 3.7 / 2.5 / 3.9 / 3.5
BR39 / Indica / Low / Aman / 3.4 / 2.8 / 3.4 / 4.0 / 4.0 / 3.2 / 4.8 / 3.0
BR40 / Indica / Strong / Aman / 3.8 / 2.5 / 4.2 / 1.2 / 3.9 / 3.2 / 5.6 / 5.3
BR41 / Indica / Strong / Aman / 4.2 / 2.1 / 4.4 / 3.9 / 4.2 / 2.8 / 6.4 / 4.7
BR1 / Indica / Low / Boro / 5.2 / 6.7 / 5.9 / 5.7 / 4.7 / 4.9 / 5.7 / 5.2 / 5.4
BR2 / Admixed / Low / Boro / 4.9 / 6.0 / 5.6 / 4.5 / 4.6 / 4.6 / 5.2 / 4.6 / 5.4
BR3 / Indica / Low / Boro / 6.0 / 7.1 / 7.0 / 6.4 / 5.2 / 4.9 / 2.9 / 4.8 / 6.3
BR6 / Indica / Low / Boro / 4.8 / 5.6 / 6.2 / 5.8 / 4.4 / 4.8 / NAe / 3.8 / 5.5
BR7 / Indica / Low / Boro / 4.8 / 7.4 / 5.8 / 5.0 / 5.2 / 4.2 / 5.8 / 5.2 / 5.7
BR8 / Indica / Low / Boro / 6.0 / 8.2 / 6.1 / 4.4 / 5.4 / 4.3 / 4.7 / 5.2 / 5.6
BR9 / Indica / Low / Boro / 6.4 / 8.3 / 6.0 / 5.0 / 5.6 / 4.6 / 5.9 / 5.6 / NA
BR12 / Indica / Low / Boro / 6.0 / 5.9 / 5.2 / 6.1 / 5.1 / 3.6 / 5.0 / 4.9 / 4.0
BR14 / Indica / Low / Boro / 6.1 / 6.4 / 6.1 / 5.7 / 5.8 / 4.9 / 4.6 / 5.2 / 6.8
BR15 / Indica / Low / Boro / 5.9 / 7.6 / 6.2 / 5.6 / 5.0 / 5.3 / 4.9 / 6.1 / 5.0
BR16 / Indica / Low / Boro / 6.6 / 7.3 / 6.5 / 6.7 / 6.3 / 4.6 / 5.8 / 4.9 / 4.4
BR17 / Indica / Low / Boro / 5.6 / 7.4 / 6.5 / 5.2 / 5.4 / 4.4 / 6.0 / 5.4 / 6.4
BR18 / Indica / Low / Boro / 4.7 / 7.6 / 5.3 / 4.6 / 5.4 / 4.0 / 4.8 / 4.9 / NA
BR19 / Indica / Low / Boro / 5.2 / 6.0 / 6.7 / 5.8 / 5.6 / 4.5 / 5.6 / 4.3 / NA
BR26 / Indica / Low / Boro / 5.7 / 6.0 / 6.8 / 5.5 / 5.2 / 4.6 / 4.1 / 5.1 / 6.5
BR27 / Indica / Low / Boro / 5.9 / NA / 6.0 / 4.3 / 5.2 / NA / NA / 4.5 / 5.7
BR28 / Indica / Low / Boro / 5.3 / 6.6 / 6.6 / 5.8 / 5.2 / 5.2 / 5.5 / 4.8 / 6.9
BR29 / Indica / Low / Boro / 6.8 / 8.3 / 6.8 / 6.5 / 6.7 / 4.2 / 5.2 / 5.9 / 7.3
BR35 / Indica / Low / Boro / 6.2 / 6.5 / 6.1 / 5.4 / 5.2 / 4.6 / 4.5 / 5.3 / 5.3
BR36 / Indica / Low / Boro / 5.8 / 7.0 / 6.5 / 6.6 / 5.9 / 4.7 / 5.3 / 4.8 / 5.3

a BRRI ( 2004); b Average of three replications grain

c BR3 was grown both aman and boro seasons; d Aman was not grown at Bhanga and Habiganj due to deep flooding, and at Sonagazi where boro was not grown due to high soil salinity in the dry season.

e NA = missing values; aBAR = Barisal, BHN = Bhanga, COM = Comilla, GAZ = Gazipur, HAB = Habiganj, KUS = Kustia, RAJ = Rajshahi, RAN = Rangpur, SAT = Satkhira; SON = Sonagazi

Table 2 Summary of quality control grain As analysis by H2O2-HNO3 digestion and ICP-MS detection.

Aman / Boro
Batch / Rep / As (mg kg-1) / % Recovery / Batch / Rep / As (mg kg-1) / % Recovery
1 / 1 / 0.297 / 99.7 / 1 / 1 / 0.304 / 102.0
2 / 0.310 / 104.2 / 2 / 0.310 / 103.9
3 / 0.272 / 91.3 / 3 / 0.305 / 102.4
2 / 1 / 0.299 / 100.3 / 2 / 1 / 0.291 / 97.7
2 / 0.302 / 101.3 / 2 / 0.306 / 102.7
3 / 0.305 / 102.5 / 3 / 0.277 / 93.0
3 / 1 / 0.290 / 97.4 / 3 / 1 / 0.309 / 103.5
2 / 0.305 / 102.5 / 2 / 0.304 / 102.0
3 / 0.283 / 95.1 / 3 / 0.290 / 97.4
4 / 1 / 0.306 / 102.8 / 4 / 1 / 0.302 / 101.3
2 / 0.300 / 100.6 / 2 / 0.308 / 103.3
3 / 0.296 / 99.4 / 3 / 0.301 / 101.1
5 / 1 / 0.281 / 94.3 / 5 / 1 / 0.289 / 96.9
2 / 0.287 / 96.5 / 2 / 0.309 / 103.7
3 / 0.288 / 96.8 / 3 / 0.299 / 100.3
6 / 1 / 0.316 / 106.0 / 6 / 1 / 0.277 / 93.1
2 / 0.302 / 101.3 / 2 / 0.269 / 90.3
3 / 0.311 / 104.4 / 3 / 0.287 / 96.4
7 / 1 / 0.309 / 103.8 / 7 / 1 / 0.301 / 100.9
2 / 0.290 / 97.3 / 2 / 0.308 / 103.4
3 / 0.292 / 98.1 / 3 / 0.293 / 98.4
8 / 1 / 0.315 / 105.8 / 8 / 1 / 0.308 / 103.3
2 / 0.310 / 104.0 / 2 / 0.304 / 102.0
3 / 0.301 / 101.1 / 3 / 0.298 / 100.1
9 / 1 / 0.281 / 94.4
2 / 0.273 / 91.7
3 / 0.288 / 96.7
Min / 0.272 / 91.3 / 0.269 / 90.3
Max / 0.316 / 106.0 / 0.310 / 103.9
Mean / 0.299 / 100.3 / 0.296 / 99.3
SD / 0.011 / 3.82 / 0.012 / 4.07

Table 3 Variance analysis (ANOVA) for rice grain As concentration as affected by rice growing season for all varieties, genetic sub-population and photo sensitivity in aman season varieties.

Sources / Df / SS / MSS / F-value / P-value
Rice growing season / 1 / 4.382 / 4.382 / 503.75 / < 0.0001
Residuals / 949 / 8.256 / 0.009
Aman season
Genetic sub-population / 2 / 0.11035 / 0.05517 / 6.83 / < 0.001
Residuals / 429 / 3.46467 / 0.00808
Photo sensitivitya / 2 / 0.19842 / 0.09921 / 12.6 / < 0.0001
Residuals / 429 / 3.3766 / 0.00787

a BRRI (2004)

Table 4 Eigenvalues and weighted loading among the soil variables† and first four principle components.

PC1 / PC2 / PC3 / PC4
Eigenvalue / 6.24 / 4.00 / 1.17 / 0.70
Proportion / 0.48 / 0.31 / 0.09 / 0.05
Cumulative / 0.48 / 0.79 / 0.88 / 0.93
Loading
pH / 0.028 / 0.442 / 0.260 / 0.129
SOC / 0.253 / -0.247 / -0.363 / -0.250
Sand / -0.330 / -0.116 / 0.359 / 0.270
Silt / -0.125 / 0.360 / -0.411 / -0.222
Clay / 0.383 / -0.057 / -0.156 / -0.159
TFe / 0.290 / 0.033 / 0.349 / -0.640
AOFe / 0.200 / -0.392 / -0.191 / 0.299
CDFe / 0.299 / -0.288 / 0.202 / 0.161
WCFe / 0.308 / -0.159 / 0.434 / 0.040
TAs / 0.357 / 0.203 / 0.049 / 0.107
PAs / 0.269 / 0.311 / -0.167 / 0.359
AOAs / 0.355 / 0.152 / -0.148 / 0.325
AOFe/AOAs / -0.173 / -0.417 / -0.195 / 0.019


Table 5 Order of the mean ranking of grain arsenic concentration in boro rice varieties over 9 experimental sites compared to that reported by Norton et al. (2009) over 2 sites.

Genotype / This Study / Norton
et al.
BR3
BR6
BR28
BR26
BR15
BR17
BR36
BR12
BR14
BR16
BR29
BR19
BR1
BR2
BR9
BR7
BR8
BR27
BR18
BR35
BR45
BR47
/ 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
-
-
/ 1
16
15
17
9
19
12
13
6
-
7
-
14
10
3=
11
2
-
8
5
18
3=

S1