Genetics tournament: 12 questions per round and 6 rounds with 16 team tourney.

  1. What is the complimentary mRNA for the DNA strand AGGAC? (UCCUG)
  2. What is the specific site where a tRNA with the currently synthesized strand of amino acids would be located on the ribosome? (p site)
  3. What can be rearranged in a different order to provide an exception to the one gene one polypeptide hypothesis? (exons)
  4. What does transcription make? (RNA/ mRNA)
  5. What two nitrogen bases are pyrimidines in RNA? (C and U)
  6. What do reverse transcriptases make? (DNA)
  7. Who discovered DNA had equal percentages of C and G? (chargaff)
  8. What enzyme lays down the first nucleotides in replication? (RNA primase/ part of the primosome)
  9. Where does transcription take place? (nucleus)
  10. Which end of a DNA molecule has a terminal hydroxyl group? (3’)
  11. Given that there is 20% T in a sample of DNA, what % is each of the other nucleotides? (20% A, 30% C, 30% G)
  12. What part of a water molecule has a negative delta? (oxygen)
  13. How many hydrogen bonds are found between a C and G? (three)
  14. What do activators bind to in order to help transcription take place? (enhancer DNA)
  15. What are four enzymes involved with replication? (helicase, topoisomerase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase I and III, DNA ligase)
  16. What is the three carbon product of glycolysis? (pyruvate)
  17. What cells result from meiosis in a male? (sperm)
  18. What direction is DNA on the leading strand and RNA during transcription made? (5’ to 3’)
  19. What wears down specifically to cause aging? (telomere)
  20. What DNA sequence within the promotor does the RNA polymerase bind to? (TATA)
  21. What direction is the DNA made on the lagging strand? (still 5’ to 3’)
  22. What stage in mitosis has the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell? (metaphase)
  23. What type of bonds hold together proteins and what part of the amino acids are linked by it? (peptide/ carboxyl and amino groups)
  24. Where does oogenesis occur? (ovaries)
  25. What enzyme glues together DNA pieces? (DNA ligase)
  26. How many hydrogen bonds are between A and T? (2)
  27. What is the amount of energy required to turn a substance from liquid to gas? (heat of vaporization)
  28. What is the highly methylated form of chromatin that is not available for transcription? (heterochromatin)
  29. What bacteria were the lethal type in Griffith and Avery’s experiment? (smooth)
  30. Why is DNA considered to be a characteristic of the universal ancestor? (all organisms have it)
  31. What is the organelle makes the ribosomes that make the protein? (nucleolus)
  32. What special covalent bonds are associated with DNA and protein respectively? (phosphodiester and peptide)
  33. What binds to enhancer DNA that allows the RNA polymerase to do a better job of binding to the promoter? (transcription factors)
  34. What is the substance produced by fermentation in humans that leads to fatigue? (lactic acid)
  35. What is added to the 3’ end of the premRNA before leaving the nucleus? (poly A tail)
  36. What are the pieces that link together to make a protein? (amino acids)
  37. What enzyme seals the okazaki fragments? (DNA ligase)
  38. What enzyme is responsible for unkinking and uncoiling the DNA? (topoisomerase)
  39. Where would you find the snRPs? (nucleus)
  40. What is stage of the cell cycle where the cell plate forms? (cytokinesis in plants)
  41. What is the process where DNA is copied to make new DNA called? (replication)
  42. What is meant by antiparallel for DNA structure? (strands moving in opposite directions)
  43. What is the energy molecule of the cell? (ATP)
  44. What are ribosomes made of? (rRNA and proteins)
  45. What type of hormones can enter the cell and bind to the DNA with the help of a protein? (steroid)
  46. If you have a strand of 300 nucleotides of mRNA from the start codon through the stop codon, how many AA would there be? (99)
  47. What nucleic acids are in retroviruses? (RNA)
  48. What part of the bacteriophage was labeled with Radioactive phosophorus by Hershey and Chase? (DNA/RNA)
  49. What are the three differences between RNA and DNA? (different sugar, U instead of T, and single stranded instead of double stranded)
  50. What was radioactively labeled by Hershey and Chase to find out if DNA was the critical molecule? (bacteriophage)
  51. What is a mutated gene that leads a cell to become cancerous called? (oncogene)
  52. Write down a six letter pallandrome that could possible act as a recognition sequence for restriction enzymes? ()
  53. What is the term for DNA being taken up by bacteria from their surroundings? (transformation)
  54. What are the three ways mRNA is processed before translation? (5’GTP cap, poly A tail, splicing exons together)
  55. What is the genotype for a person who is heterozygous for type B blood? (IBi)
  56. What is the buffer in the blood? (bicarbonate)
  57. What enzyme is used to fix the mistakes/mutations when doing replication? (DNA polymerase)
  58. What does semiconservative mean in the world of DNA? (half new/half old)
  59. What was used to insert DNA in Hershey and Chase’s experiment? (bacteriophage)
  60. What is a phage? (virus)
  61. What is the acronym we used to remember the critical molecules of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? (CAPORG)
  62. What spices the introns out of the pre mRNA? (snRNPs)
  63. What are germ cells responsible for making? (gametes)
  64. What is the monomer subunit of the molecule that makes up the exoskeleton of an insect? (glucose/sugar)
  65. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? (nitrogen base, sugar, and phosphate)
  66. What are the two steps of gene expression? (transcription and translation)
  67. What is the process where bacterial pick up loose DNA from the environment and then express it? (transformation)
  68. What holds together the nitrogen bases in the double helix? (hydrogen bonds)
  69. What is the type of inheritance where many genes in non additive way leading to one trait? (epistasis)
  70. How many sex chromosomes in a skin cell? (2)
  71. What are the two processes that allow water to move up a tree? (cohesion and transpiration)
  72. What is the process of mRNA being used to make proteins called? (translation)
  73. What is the symptoms of someone with cystic fibrosis? (mucus buildup)
  74. What are the small pieces of DNA formed on the lagging strand during replication? (okazaki fragments)
  75. What is an unexpected change in one nucleotide of the DNA of a cell called? (point mutation)
  76. What type of single nucleotide mutation is the most dangerous as it leads to an entirely different chain of amino acids? (frameshift mutation)
  77. What portion of the nucleotide is on the 3’ end? (sugar)
  78. Where specifically does the Kreb’s cycle occur in a cell? (matrix)

Tiebreaker::

Whhat year was the year that the Human Genome Project was completed? 2000

How many different amino acids are there in humans? 20

How many nucleotides make up the average human chromosome? (150,000,000)

If a string of mRNA had 309 nucleotides including a stop codon and a start codon, how many peptide bonds we be formed in the resulting polypeptide? (101)

In the heavy form of Nitrogen used by Messelson and Stahl, how many neutrons were there? (8 as it was N15)

What % of the DNA of two people is the same? (99.9%)

How many atoms make up a sucrose molecule? 45

What year did Watson and Crick get the nobel prize? 1962

Name as many carbohydrate molecules as you can.

What are the six elements most important to life as they are used to make the macromolecules? (SPONCH)

What is the chi-square value at one degree of freedom that would indicate a p value of 0.05 for the experiment? (3.84)

How many NADH are made during the Kreb’s cycle and “lucas step” from 3 glucose molecules? (8 x 3 = 24)