General Equations, Constants and Conversions
1 mile = 5280 ft = 1.609 km Volume (sphere) V = πr3
1 inch = 2.54cm Surface Area (sphere) A = 4πr2
1kg ≈ 2. 2 Lbs
1atm = 1.01 x 105Pa = 14.7 lb/in2 Circumference (circle) = 2πr
1 gal =3.785 L Pythagorean Theorem:
1 Liter = 10-3 m3
1 HP = 746 Watts Quadratic Formula: ax2 + bx + c = 0 à
G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2
c = 3.0 x 108 m/s
Proton charge = +e = + 1.6 x 10-19C Electron charge = -e = -1.6 x 10-19C
Proton mass = 1.67 x10-27 kg Electron mass = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
Kinematics
Dynamics (force, momentum and energy)
F = ma p = mv
f = μFN J = FΔt = Δp
Fs=-kΔx
W = F║d PEo+KEo = PEf+KEf
W = ΔKE PEo+KEo = PEf+KEf + Wnc
KE = ½mv2
Ug = PEg = mgh
Us = PEs = ½kx2
Circular Motion and Gravitation
S = rθ Fc = m
T2 = KR3
Some Commonly needed Planetary Data:
RE = 6.38x106 m MM = 7.4 x 1022 kg MS = 9.11 x 1031 kg
ME = 5.98 x 1024 kg RM = 1.74 x 106m RES = 1 AU = 1.5 x 1011km
Waves and Sound
R and f / do / di / M
Positive / converging / Real / real / upright
Negative / diverging / virtual / virtual / inverted
Light
Electricity
Charge, Force & Field
Electric Potential
Electric Current