GENERAL CHEMISTRY CH 10 ASSESSMENT REVIEW

1 kilo (k) = 1000

1 calorie = 4.18 J

10.1.1 and 10.1.2

Compare characteristics of a solid, liquid and gas.

Relate the properties of a solid, liquid and gas to the kinetic theory of matter.

Compare the interparticle forces, volume/space,and shape of each.

Given the MP or BP for a substance, predict its state of matter at a specific temperature; p. 366 #31

10.1.3

Distinguish among amorphous solids, liquid crystals, and plasmas.

Define, and give at least two examples of each.

10.2.1

Interpret changes in temperature and changes in state of a substance in terms of the kinetic theory of matter.

  • Relate changes in state of matter to changes in energy. Differentiate between heats of vaporization and heats of fusion. The following two sample problems are also a GOOD example of how to use dimensional analysis!
  • If it takes the removal of 3.34 x 105 J of energy to change 1.0 kg of water to ice, how

much energy is removed when 100.0 g of water changes to ice at 0.0°C?

  • Water absorbs 2.26 x 106 J/kg when it changes to a gas at its normal boiling point of 100°C. How many kilocalories must be absorbed by 452.0 g of water when it changes to a gas?
  • Differentiate between sublimation, deposition, condensation and evaporation. Give examples of each.
  • How is boiling point related to vapor pressure? How is boiling point related to atmospheric pressure? Give some examples of volatile liquids.
  • The particles of which of the following gases: fluorine at 30ºC, chlorine at 80ºC, hydrogen at 80ºC, and krypton at 30ºC, have the highest average speed? The lowest average speed? How do you know? Which particles will diffuse the fastest?
  • Which of the following gas particles: nitrogen at 30ºC, hydrogen at 80ºC, krypton at 30ºC, and nitrogen at 80ºC, have the highest average kinetic energy? Which have the lowest average kinetic energy? How do you know?

10.2.2

Relate Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales.

Convert Kelvin to Celsius and Celsius to Kelvin; order substances from highest to lowest BP or MP, or vice versa.

Know the equivalent temperatures in °F, °C and K for the melting and boiling point of water.

10.2.3

Analyze the effect of temperature and pressure on changes of state.

  • Octane, C8H18, melts at -57ºC and boils at 126ºC. A few grams of octane are heated from

-80ºC to +140ºC. Sketch a graph of the heating curve for octane. Show time on the horizontal axis and temperature (°C) on the vertical axis. On your graph, indicate the state of matter of octane at each slope and plateau.

  • Would the BP of water be greater than or less than 100°C in Brighton, CO? How about in

New Orleans, Louisiana? Explain your answer.