Chapter 3 General Biology Study Guide (biochemistry)
- What are bio-chemicals? List several examples and include examples of molecules that are not biochemicals
- What is the definition of biochemistry and does it include organic chemistry?
- Be able to spot organic vs. inorganic compounds (this is directly from notes)
- List the five major classes of biochemical, macromolecules and state the function of each.
- Be able to spot all 5 types and know the details of all nomenclature discussed in
Class. You must also be able to list characteristics of each of the 5 classes. Ex (lipids are unsaturated (cis or trans) or saturated and stored as triglycerides in animals. They are water insoluble and usually oils at Room Temperature and have a high melting point. Saturated fats are higher in energy than unsaturated and you need both types in your diet but mainly unsaturated) How do fatty acids go together to make lipids? Remember a lot of the information regarding nomenclature of fatty acids is not in the text. You can find it on the net and it is definitely in my notes.
- Know the structure and nomenclature that we discussed in class for sugars.
Why are sugars considered carbohydrates? Remember a lot of the information regarding nomenclature of fatty acids is not in the text. You can find it on the net and it is definitely in my notes.
What is a carbohydrate? Is it an organic molecule? Why?
- Know the enzyme- substrate relationship and be able to describe how enzymes work in biochemical reactions. What two things do enzymes do in a reaction?
- What structure in the cell manufactures ATP? Know the structure of ATP and be able to spot the molecule
Where in the cell would you find nucleic acids? What is their pH?
- What is a nucleotide?
- Is DNA a polymer? If so, what is the monomer?
- How many bonds can carbon form?
- Be able to find the peptide bonds in a polypeptide. You must be able to count amino acids in a polypeptide and identify the amino end and acid end of the molecule. Polypeptides are bonded together to form what what molecule? Where in the cell does this happen?
- What are the proteins used for by the cell? What are the characteristics of protieic enzymes?
- What is an isomer? ( give examples)
- What is a polymer? (give examples)
- Know which foods contain which class of biochemical’s
- What food products would you find the following simple carbohydrates in?
Maltose, Glucose, Sucrose, Dextrose, Ribose, Hexose, Lactose, Galactose, Fructose.
18. Be able to use all the vocabulary we discussed in class.
19. Metric conversions and scientific notation will show up again!
Vocabulary For Chapter 3 ( from text and class)
Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Ribonucleic Acid
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Adenosine Triphosphate
Lipids
Fatty Acids
Fats
Unsaturated
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
Cis-
Trans-
Saturated
Carbohydrates
Sugars
Sacharins
Glycogen
Cellulose
Polymers (polymerization)
Nomenclature
Isomers
Amino Acids
Polypeptides
Peptide bonds
Proteins
Ribosomes
Polarity
Surface tension
Adhesion
Cohesion
Cappillary