[Gardner & DeMar Appendix 1] 4

Appendix 1. Sources for taxonomic identifications of Triassic and Jurassic lissamphibians listed in Table 1. Accounts are by localities and formations, and are listed in approximate chronological sequence. Arabic numbers denoting localities are the same as those used in the corresponding faunal list (Table 1) and locality map (Fig. 3).

1, Tomahawk locality, Richmond Basin, Chesterfield County, east-central Virginia, USA; Vinita Formation (formerly Turkey Branch Formation), Newark Supergroup; middle Carnian.

?Lissamphibia incertae sedis: Undescribed and unfigured small jaw fragment, presumably in USNM collections, that Sues and Olsen (1990, p. 1021) stated “suggests the possible presence of ‘lissamphibians’, on the basis of the nature of the tooth bases”. Milner (1994) agreed that the tooth bases are reminiscent of lissamphibians, but he did not consider the specimen diagnostic. Subsequent treatments of the Tomahawk vertebrate assemblage have not mentioned this specimen (e.g., Sues and Fraser 2012; Sues, Olsen et al. 1994). Based on Sues and Olsen’s (1990) account, we tentatively regard the specimen as ?Lissamphibia incertae sedis.

2, Moncure locality, Deep River Basin (Sanford sub-basin), Chatham County, central North Carolina, USA; Cumnock Formation, Newark Supergroup; early Norian.

?Lissamphibia incertae sedis: Atlantal centrum (NCSM 25232) and fragmentary ilia (e.g., NCSM 25164), both described and figured by Heckert et al. (2012, fig. 3.9 and 3.10). Heckert et al (2001: p. 373) acknowledged that the available specimens were difficult to identify, and stated that the “atlas indicates the presence of a dissorophid amphibian, possibly bracketed by Gerobatrachus, Triadobatrachus and salamanders, and the anteriorly expanded ilium likely indicates the presence of a frog-line batrachian.” We concur that the figured specimens are challenging to interpret and, for that reason, we conservatively regard them as ?Lissamphibia incertae sedis.

3, Gold Spring Quarry 1, Coconino County, northeastern Arizona, USA; “silty facies” of the Kayenta Formation; Sinemurian–Pliensbachian.

Gymnophiona / Eocaecilia micropodia Jenkins and Walsh 1993: Forty specimens, including holotype skull (MNA V8066), plus other referred skulls, partially articulated or associated portions of skeletons, and isolated bones in MNA and MCZ collections, described and figured by Jenkins and Walsh 1993, figs. 1, 3) and by Jenkins et al. (2007: numerous figures). Isolated, incomplete atlantal centra and some of the fragmentary lissamphibian jaws reported by Curtis and Padian (1999, e.g., figs. 4a, 11, 12) also likely pertain to this species (Gardner, Skutschas and Sweetman unpubl. obs.).

Anura / Prosalirus bitis Shubin and Jenkins 1995: Three specimens (holotype MNA V8725 and two referred MCZ specimens), each consisting of mostly disarticulated assemblages of bone preserved on three slabs and representing at least four individuals, described and figured by Shubin and Jenkins (1995, figs. 1, 2) and by Jenkins and Shubin (1998, figs. 1–4). Isolated, incomplete ilia and some of the fragmentary lissamphibian jaws reported by Curtis and Padian (1999, e.g., figs 2a, 14–18) also likely pertain to this species (Gardner, Skutschas and Sweetman unpubl. obs.).

Other: Previous suggestions that isolated, incomplete atlantal centra reported by Curtis and Padian (1999, figs. 11, 12) pertain to caudates (Curtis and Padian 1999; Holman 2006) or possibly albanerpetontids (Averianov et al. 2008; Gardner and Böhme 2008; Skutschas 2007; Sweetman and Gardner 2013) are incorrect. As will be documented elsewhere (Gardner, Skutschas and Sweetman work in progress), those atlantes are referable to Eocaecilia micropodia.

4, Rainbow Park, Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, northeastern Utah, USA; Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Caudata / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. nov.: Undescribed, incomplete skeletons (e.g. DINO 14711C, 14713–14715) in DINO collection (Gardner and Chure unpubl. obs.). Equivalent to “new long bodied salamander” listed by Chure et al. (2006, p. 235) and may also be equivalent to one of the taxa mentioned in a conference abstract by Nessov (1992).

Urodela / Family incertae sedis / Iridotriton hechti Evans et al. 2005: Holotype skeleton DINO 16453a, described and figured by Evans et al. (2005, figs.1–7).

Anura / Discoglossidae sensu lato / cf. Enneabatrachus hechti: Associated sacral vertebra, urostyle, ilium, and hind limb bones (DINO 15929) preserved on a slab and an isolated urostyle (DINO 10842), both described and the former figured by Henrici (1998a, fig. 1).

Anura / ?Discoglossidae sensu lato / Gen. et sp. indet.: Ilium (DINO 14727), described and figured by Henrici (1998a, fig. 2a) as “?Discoglossidae, unidentified genus and species”.

Anura / ?Rhinophrynidae / Rhadinosteus parvus Henrici 1998b: Incomplete holotype skeleton (DINO 14693) and referred skeletons and isolated bones (all DINO specimens), described and figured by Henrici (1998b, figs. 1–5, 7A); see also earlier report of Rhadinosteus parvus referred to as a “new pipoid genus and species (Henrici 1998a, figs. 3–5).

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. indet. A: Ilium (DINO 14728), described and figured by Henrici (1998a, fig. 2D) as “unidentified genus and species A”.

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. indet. B: Pair of ilia associated on a slab (DINO 14729), described and figured by Henrici (1998a, fig. 2E) as “unidentified genus and species B”.

5, Little Houston Quarry, Crook County, northeastern Wyoming, USA; lower middle part of Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Caudata indet: Occurrence mentioned by Foster (2007, p. 138).

Anura indet: Humerus reported and figured by Foster (2001, fig. 3.3)

6, Mile 175, Crook County, northeastern Wyoming, USA; uncertain member within Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Caudata indet: Six isolated vertebrae briefly described by Foster and Heckert (2011: p. 269).

7, Ninemile Hill, Carbon County, east-central Wyoming, USA; Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Caudata indet: Occurrence mentioned by Foster (2007: p. 138).

8, Quarry 9, Como Bluff, Albany County, southeastern Wyoming, USA; Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Caudata / Family incertae sedis / Comonecturoides marshi nomen dubium (Hecht and Estes 1960): Holotype femur YPM 3919, described and figured by Hecht and Estes (1960: pls. 2, figs 3, 4 and pl. 3 fig 6). Estes (1981: p. 96) later referred and briefly described, but did not figure, an atlas and a trunk centrum (YPM specimens, numbers not given) from Quarry 9; the atlas may be the same specimen (YPM 1768; see next entry) figured by Moodie (1914, fig. 2a, b). We concur with Evans and Milner (1993) that the name is a nomen dubium.

Caudata / Family incertae sedis / Gen. et sp. indet.: Isolated vertebrae: an atlas (YPM 1763; figured but not described by Moodie (1914, fig 2a, b) as Eobatrachus agilis (this may be the same YPM specimen referred to Comonecturoides marshi by Estes 1981, p. 96); an isolated trunk vertebra in YPM collection (no number given) mentioned by Estes (1981: p. 96); and an unstated number of trunk vertebrae identified as “Caudata incertae sedis” by Evans and Milner (1993, p. 28), including one specimen (USNM 1654) described but not figured by those authors. A specimen (USNM 1651a) figured by Evans and Milner (1993, fig. 5) as an atlantal centrum may be a turtle skull bone (P. Skutschas pers comm., 2012).

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Eobatrachus agilis nomen dubium (Marsh 1887): Holotype humerus (YPM 1869, designated by Moodie 1912), described and figured by Moodie (1912, 1914, fig. 1a) and by Hecht and Estes (1960, pls. 1, figs 1, 3, 5 and pl. 2, fig 1). We follow Hecht and Estes (1960) in restricting the name E. agilis to the holotype humerus and exclude the other isolated bones (all from Quarry Nine and in YPM collections, namely a humerus, tibiofibula, urostyle, ilium, and atlas) originally referred to the species by Moodie (1912, 1914). We concur with Evans and Milner (1993; see also Henrici 1998a; Sanchiz 1999; Holman 2003) that the name is a nomen dubium.

Anura / Family incertae sedis / Comobatrachus aenigmatis nomen dubium (Hecht and Estes 1960): Holotype humerus (YPM 1863), described and figured by Moodie (1912, 1914, fig. 2d; originally as referred specimen of Eobatrachus agilis Marsh 1887) and by Hecht and Estes (1960, pls. 1, figs 2, 4, 6 and pl. 2, fig 2). We concur with Evans and Milner (1993; see also Henrici 1998a; Sanchiz 1999; Holman 2003) that the name is a nomen dubium.

Anura / Discoglossidae sensu lato / Enneabatrachus hechti Evans and Milner 1993: Holotype ilium (USNM 460388), described and figured by Evans and Milner (1993, fig. 1).

Anura / Pelobatidae sensu lato / gen. et sp. indet.: Ilium (AMNH Q9 11561), described and figured by Evans and Milner (1993, fig. 2) as “Pelobatidae incertae sedis”. Sanchiz (1999, p. 50) considered the specimen to be from an indeterminate paleobatoid, whereas Roček (2000, p. 1302) suggested assignment to Discoglossidae sensu lato might be more appropriate.

Anura / Family incertae sedis / gen. et sp. indet.: Two isolated humeri (USNM 1713 and 1749) discussed and figured by Evans and Milner (1993, fig. 3). As described and interpreted by Evans and Milner (1993) these humeri differ from one another in size and morphology, and they cannot reliably be associated with any other anuran specimens or taxa from the Morrison Formation.

9, Wolf Creek Quarry, Moffat County, northwestern Colorado, USA; Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Caudata indet: Occurrence mentioned by Foster (2007, p. 138).

Anura indet: Occurrence mentioned by Foster (2007, p. 115).

10, Fruita Paleontological area, Mesa County, west-central Colorado, USA; Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Anura indet: Occurrence mentioned by Callison (1987: p. 92).

11, Garden Park, El Paso County, central Colorado, USA; Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Anura indet: Occurrence mentioned by Foster (2007: p. 122).

12, Small Quarry, El Paso County, central Colorado, USA; Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation; Kimmeridgian–earliest Tithonian.

Caudata indet: Occurrence mentioned by Foster (2007: p. 138).