Gambling in Europa: Una Revisione Ragionata Della Letteratura Scientifica

Gambling in Europa: una revisione ragionata della letteratura scientifica

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2011

Brevers D, Cleeremans A, Tibboel H, Bechara A, Kornreich C, Verbanck P, Noël X. Reduced attentional blink for gambling-related stimuli in problem gamblers. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2011, Pages 265-269

2010

McBride O, Adamson G, Shevlin M. A latent class analysis of DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria in a nationally representative British sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jul 30;178(2):401-7

Luder MT, Berchtold A, Akré C, Michaud PA, Suris JC. Do youths gamble? You bet! A Swiss population-based study Swiss. Med Wkly. 2010 Aug 9;140:w13074

Griffiths MD, Parke J. Adolescent gambling on the internet: a revie. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2010 Jan-Mar;22(1):59-75

Volberg RA, Gupta R, Griffiths MD, Olason DT, Delfabbro P. An international perspective on youth gambling prevalence studies. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2010 Jan-Mar;22(1):3-38

McBride O, Adamson G, Shevlin M. A latent class analysis of DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria in a nationally representative British sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jul 30;178(2):401-7.

Internet gamblers: a latent class analysis of their behaviours and health experiences.

Lloyd J, Doll H, Hawton K, Dutton WH, Geddes JR, Goodwin GM, Rogers RD. Internet gamblers: a latent class analysis of their behaviours and health experiences. J Gambl Stud. 2010 Sep;26(3):387-99.

Meyer G, Hayer T. Problem and pathological gambling. Epidemiology and prevention. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010 Apr;53(4):295-305.

Wölfling K, Müller KW. Pathological gambling and computergame-addiction. Current state of research regarding two subtypes of behavioural addiction. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010 Apr;53(4):306-12.

Myrseth H, Brunborg GS, Eidem M. Differences in cognitive distortions between pathological and non-pathological gamblers with preferences for chance or skill games. J Gambl Stud. 2010 Dec;26(4):561-9.

Lyk-Jensen SV. New evidence from the grey area: Danish results for at-risk gambling. J Gambl Stud. 2010 Sep;26(3):455-67.

Jiménez-Murcia S, Alvarez-Moya EM, Stinchfield R, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Jaurrieta N, Bove F, Menchón JM. Age of onset in pathological gambling: clinical, therapeutic and personality correlates. J Gambl Stud. 2010 Jun;26(2):235-48.

Carlbring P, Jonsson J, Josephson H, Forsberg L. Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2010 Jun;39(2):92-103.

Brown SC, Mitchell LA. An observational investigation of poker style and the five-factor personality model. J Gambl Stud. 2010 Jun;26(2):229-34.

Chóliz M. Experimental analysis of the game in pathological gamblers: effect of the immediacy of the reward in slot machines. J Gambl Stud. 2010 Jun;26(2):249-56.

2009

Balázs H, Kun B, Demetrovics Z. Types of pathological gamblers. Psychiatr Hung. 2009;24(4):238-47.

Semaille P. The new types of addiction. Rev Med Brux. 2009 Sep;30(4):335-57.

Wölfling K, Bühler M, Leménager T, Mörsen C, Mann K. Gambling and internet addiction: review and research agenda. Nervenarzt. 2009 Sep;80(9):1030-9.

Bonke J, Borregaard K. The prevalence of problematic gambling behaviour: a Scandinavian comparison. Scand J Public Health. 2009 Aug;37(6):654-60.

Sander W, Peters A. Pathological gambling: influence of quality of life and psychological distress on abstinence after cognitive-behavioral inpatient treatment. J Gambl Stud. 2009 Jun;25(2):253-62.

Bakken IJ, Götestam KG, Gråwe RW, Wenzel HG, Øren A. Gambling behavior and gambling problems in Norway 2007. Scand J Psychol. 2009 Aug;50(4):333-9.

Skokauskas N, Burba B, Freedman D. An assessment of the psychometric properties of Lithuanian versions of DSM-IV-MR-J and SOGS-RA. J Gambl Stud. 2009 Jun;25(2):263-71.

Kaare PR, Mõttus R, Konstabel K. Pathological gambling in Estonia: relationships with personality, self-esteem, emotional States and cognitive ability. J Gambl Stud. 2009 Sep;25(3):377-90.

Griffiths M, Wardle H, Orford J, Sproston K, Erens B. Sociodemographic correlates of internet gambling: findings from the 2007 british gambling prevalence survey. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009 Apr;12(2):199-202.

Myrseth H, Litlerè I, Støylen IJ, Pallesen S. A controlled study of the effect of cognitive-behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers. Nord J Psychiatry. 2009;63(1):22-31.

Molde H, Pallesen S, Bartone P, Hystad S, Johnsen BH. Prevalence and correlates of gambling among 16 to 19-year-old adolescents in Norway. Scand J Psychol. 2009 Feb;50(1):55-64.

2008

Demetrovics Z. Gambling and pathological gambling in Hungary. Psychiatr Hung. 2008;23(5):336-48.

Wenzel HG, Oren A, Bakken IJ. Gambling problems in the family--a stratified probability sample study of prevalence and reported consequences. BMC Public Health. 2008 Dec 16;8:412.

Källmén H, Andersson P, Andren A. Are irrational beliefs and depressive mood more common among problem gamblers than non-gamblers? A survey study of Swedish problem gamblers and controls. J Gambl Stud. 2008 Dec;24(4):441-50.

Bonnaire C, Varescon I, Bungener C. Sensation seeking in a French population of horse betting gamblers: comparison between pathological and regular. Encephale. 2007 Oct;33(5):798-804.

Bondolfi G, Jermann F, Ferrero F, Zullino D, Osiek C. Prevalence of pathological gambling in Switzerland after the opening of casinos and the introduction of new preventive legislation. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008 Mar;117(3):236-9.

Adolescent gambling and problem gambling: does the total consumption model apply?

Hansen M, Rossow I. Adolescent gambling and problem gambling: does the total consumption model apply?. J Gambl Stud. 2008 Jun;24(2):135-49.

Lund I. The population mean and the proportion of frequent gamblers: is the theory of total consumption valid for gambling?. J Gambl Stud. 2008 Jun;24(2):247-56.

2007

Queri S, Erbas B, Soyka M. Treatment prevalence in pathological gambling. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2007 Aug;75(8):458-62.

Lund I. Lessons from the grey area: a closer inspection of at-risk gamblers. J Gambl Stud. 2007 Dec;23(4):409-19.

Temperament and character in pathological gambling.

Nordin C, Nylander PO. Temperament and character in pathological gambling. J Gambl Stud. 2007 Jun;23(2):113-20.

2006

Moodie C, Finnigan F. Association of pathological gambling with depression in Scotland. Psychol Rep. 2006 Oct;99(2):407-17.

2011

Brevers D, Cleeremans A, Tibboel H, Bechara A, Kornreich C, Verbanck P, Noël X. Reduced attentional blink for gambling-related stimuli in problem gamblers. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2011, Pages 265-269

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Volume 42, Issue 3, September 2011, Pages 265-269

Reduced attentional blink for gambling-related stimuli in problem gamblers

Breversa D, Cleeremansb A, Tibboelc H, Becharad A, Kornreicha C, Verbancka P, Noëla X.

Abstract

Although there is considerable information concerning the attentional biases in psychoactive substance use and misuse, much less is known about the contribution of attentional processing in problem gambling. The aim of this study was to examine whether problem gamblers (PrG) exhibit attentional bias at the level of the encoding processing stage.Forty PrG and 35 controls participated in an attentional blink (AB) paradigm in which they were required to identify both gambling and neutral words that appeared in a rapid serial visual presentation. Explicit motivation (e.g., intrinsic/arousal, extrinsic, amotivation) toward the gambling cues was recorded.A diminished AB effect for gambling-related words compared to neutral targets was identified in PrG. In contrast, AB was similar when either gambling-related or neutral words were presented to controls. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the reduced AB for gambling-related words and the sub-score of intrinsic/arousal motivation to gamble in PrG.Such findings suggest that the PrG group exhibits an enhanced ability to process gambling-related information, which is associated with their desire to gamble for arousal reasons. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.Highlights: Attentional blink was similar for gambling or neutral words in controls. A reduced attentional blink for gamblingwords was observed in gamblers. The reduced attentional blink is linked to intrinsic motivation to gamble.

2010

McBride O, Adamson G, Shevlin M. A latent class analysis of DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria in a nationally representative British sample.Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jul 30;178(2):401-7

Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jul 30;178(2):401-7. Epub 2010 May 20.

A latent class analysis of DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria in a nationally representative British sample.

McBride O, Adamson G, Shevlin M.

School of Psychology, University of Ulster Magee Campus, Northland Road, Co. Londonderry, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland, UK.

Abstract

This study identified empirically derived subtypes of gamblers based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling disorder (PGD). Data from the gamblers (n=5644) who participated in the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey (BGPS) were analysed using latent class analysis. Common socio-demographic correlates of PGD were subsequently assessed across the classes. Three distinct groups or classes of gamblers emerged. The majority of the sample (88.9%) was assigned to a 'non-problematic gambler' class. A second 'preoccupied chaser' class contained a significant percentage of gamblers (9.7%) who reported symptoms such as a preoccupation with gambling and engaging in chasing loses. Approximately 1.4% of gamblers were classified into an 'antisocial impulsivist gambler' class. Males, non-Whites and smokers were all more likely to be preoccupied chasers or antisocial impulsivist gamblers, rather than non-problematic gamblers. The current findings revealed that the gambling subtypes identified in the 2007 BGPS largely differed in relation to the severity, rather than the type, of symptoms experienced. These findings present a useful and clinically meaningful typology of individuals with PGD that may be examined further in both research and clinical settings.

Luder MT, Berchtold A, Akré C, Michaud PA, Suris JC. Do youths gamble? You bet! A Swiss population-based study Swiss. Med Wkly. 2010 Aug 9;140:w13074

Swiss Med Wkly. 2010 Aug 9;140:w13074. doi: 10.4414/smw.2010.13074.

Do youths gamble? You bet! A Swiss population-based study.

Luder MT, Berchtold A, Akré C, Michaud PA, Suris JC.

Research Group on Adolescent Health (GRSA), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitailer Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Bugnon, 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To establish the gambling prevalence among Swiss resident youths, to estimate the associations between gambling frequency and substance use, poor mental health and social support and to determine the correlation between gambling pattern and gambling frequency.METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in 2007. From 1233 eligible participants aged 15-24 years, adequate information was available for 1116 (582 males), distributed into: non- (n=577), occasional (n=388) and frequent gamblers (n=151). Outcome measures: Substance use, social activities, presence of a reliable person among friends or family, psychological distress, major depression and gambling pattern.RESULTS: Overall, the 48.3% (n=539) of youths who had gambled during the previous year; were older and more likely to be male than non-gamblers. 13.5% (n=151) gambled at least weekly and could be differentiated from occasional gamblers on the basis of their gambling pattern. After controlling for gender, age and language area, occasional gamblers were significantly more likely to be occasional binge drinkers, whereas frequent gamblers were more likely to be daily smokers.CONCLUSION: Almost half of Swiss resident youths are involved in gambling. Both occasional and frequent gambling are associated with further health compromising behaviour. Practitioners dealing with young people should be aware that gambling is a behaviour that might be part of a more global risky behaviour framework.

Griffiths MD, Parke J. Adolescent gambling on the internet: a revie.Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2010 Jan-Mar;22(1):59-75

Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2010 Jan-Mar;22(1):59-75.

Adolescent gambling on the internet: a review.

Griffiths MD, Parke J.

International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Department of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Internet gambling is a relatively under-researched area. While our current knowledge remains in its infancy and the prevalence rates are relatively low, researchers and clinicians are predicting greater involvement among youth. A comprehensive search of the relevant literature was undertaken. The resulting relevant literature was classified into four areas. These were (a) the empirical studies on adolescent internet gambling, (b) online gambling-like experiences in adolescence, (c) adolescent gambling via social networking sites, and (d) adolescent gambling via online penny auction sites. Age verification in relation to prevention and regulation is also examined. It is concluded that young people appear to be very proficient in using and accessing new media and are likely to be increasingly exposed to remote gambling opportunities. These young people will therefore require education and guidance to enable them to cope with the challenges of convenience gambling in all its guises.

Volberg RA, Gupta R, Griffiths MD, Olason DT, Delfabbro P. An international perspective on youth gambling prevalence studies.Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2010 Jan-Mar;22(1):3-38

Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2010 Jan-Mar;22(1):3-38.

An international perspective on youth gambling prevalence studies.

Volberg RA, Gupta R, Griffiths MD, Olason DT, Delfabbro P.

Gemini Research, Ltd., PO Box 1390, Northampton, MA 01061, USA.

Abstract

In the wake of rapid expansion of legal gambling internationally, studies of adolescent gambling involvement and problem gambling prevalence have been carried out in numerous jurisdictions. This paper reviews adolescent gambling prevalence studies that have been carried out in North America, Europe, and Oceania. Based on this review, work is clearly needed to assess the impact of survey methods on identified prevalence rates and to improve the measurement of problem gambling among adolescents. From a substantive perspective, several clear demographic and behavioral characteristics are associated with gambling involvement and problem gambling among youth. However, early assumptions about youth gambling and problem gambling must give way to more nuanced understandings of how these phenomena change in response to changes in the social and cultural environment. We may have traveled some distance down the road toward understanding the determinants as well as the distribution of youth gambling and problem gambling, but we still have a long way to go.

McBride O, Adamson G, Shevlin M. A latent class analysis of DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria in a nationally representative British sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jul 30;178(2):401-7.

Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jul 30;178(2):401-7. Epub 2010 May 20.

A latent class analysis of DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria in a nationally representative British sample.

McBride O, Adamson G, Shevlin M.

School of Psychology, University of Ulster Magee Campus, Northland Road, Co. Londonderry, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland, UK.

Abstract

Lloyd J, Doll H, Hawton K, Dutton WH, Geddes JR, Goodwin GM, Rogers RD. Internet gamblers: a latent class analysis of their behaviours and health experiences. J Gambl Stud. 2010 Sep;26(3):387-99.

J Gambl Stud. 2010 Sep;26(3):387-99.

Internet gamblers: a latent class analysis of their behaviours and health experiences.

Lloyd J, Doll H, Hawton K, Dutton WH, Geddes JR, Goodwin GM, Rogers RD.

Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford University, UK.

Abstract

In order to learn about the behaviours and health experiences of people who gamble on the Internet, we conducted an international online survey with respondents recruited via gambling and gambling-related websites. The mean (SD) age of the 4,125 respondents completing the survey was 35.5 (11.8) years, with 79.1% being male and 68.8% UK residents. Respondents provided demographic details and completed validated psychometric screening instruments for problem gambling, mood disturbances, as well as alcohol and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm. We applied latent class analysis to respondents' patterns of regular online gambling activities, and identified subgroups of individuals who used the Internet to gamble in different ways (L (2) = 44.27, bootstrap P = 0.07). We termed the characteristic profiles as 'non-to-minimal gamblers'; 'sports bettors'; 'casino & sports gamblers'; 'lottery players'; and 'multi-activity gamblers'. Furthermore, these subgroups of respondents differed on other demographic and psychological dimensions, with significant inter-cluster differences in proportion of individuals scoring above threshold for problem gambling, mood disorders and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm (all Chi (2)s > 23.4, all P-values <0.001). The 'casino & sports' and 'multi-activity-gamblers' clusters had the highest prevalence of mental disorder. Internet gamblers appear to be heterogeneous but composed of several subgroups, differing markedly on both demographic and clinical characteristics.

Meyer G, Hayer T. Problem and pathological gambling. Epidemiology and prevention. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010 Apr;53(4):295-305.

Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010 Apr;53(4):295-305.

Problem and pathological gambling. Epidemiology and prevention.

Meyer G, Hayer T.

Institut für Psychologie und Kognitionsforschung, Universität Bremen, Grazer Str. 4, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland.

Abstract

With the expansion of the German gambling market, questions emerge concerning the magnitude of gambling-related problems in the general population and the effectiveness of preventive measures. Current prevalence rates of problem and pathological gambling range from 0.29-0.64% and 0.19-0.56%, respectively. In an international comparison, which is complicated by different methodological approaches of the primary studies, the rates fall at the lower end of the spectrum. In general, an increasing availability of gambling is connected with rising consumption among the population as well as--at least temporarily--with a growing number of gambling addicts. Whether the prevalence rate stabilizes at a certain level or even leads to a decrease after a gradual social adaption needs to be empirically evaluated. From the public health perspective, a gambling market that is strictly regulated by a state monopoly should be established to prevent targeted stimulation of demand and to implement effective safeguards. A preliminary evaluation of prevention measures can only be based on limited findings and, therefore, also has to focus on evidence on other harmful products such as alcohol and tobacco. For the sector of amusement with prize machines, direct interventions into structural characteristics and availability are recommended.