Full file at Test-Bank-for-World-History,-Volume-II-Since-1500,-7th-Edition
Chapter 14—New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market
ESSAY
1.What geographical advantages did Western Europe have in its encounters with the non-Western world in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? How did the Portuguese lead the way in exploration? What role did Prince Henry the Navigator play? How did imported eastern ideas and innovations spur the Portuguese advance?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
2.How did technological advancements, the rise of stronger governments, and economic growth cause European societies to become involved in maritime expansion in the 1400s and 1500s? Why then?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
3.Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of the voyages of Zhenghe with those of Columbus. Speculate on how history might have be different had Zhenghe successfully navigated the Pacific to the coast of California.
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
4.Discuss the European impact, positive and negative, on the native populations of Southeast Asia.
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
5.How did Spanish methods of dealing with their new territories in America affect the native populations there? Discuss and elaborate on the role of Bartolomé de la Casas in alleviating the aggressive policies of the Spanish toward the native populations
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
6.Compare and contrast slavery in Africa before the sixteenth century to African slavery after the arrival of the Europeans. What are the continuities, if any, and what are the differences?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
7.How, and to what extent, did the arrival of Europeans influence the scope and conduct of the spice trade?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
8.Compare and contrast the impact of the European colonial nations in the Americas with the impact of the West in Southeast Asia. What are the similarities and what are the differences?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
9.Why was it Western Europe rather than China, the Muslim world, or some other non-Western society that effected the globalization era of the sixteenth century? What prevented China and the well-organized Islamic states from achieving an ascendancy?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
10.Did "globalization" really begin in the sixteenth century? Why and/or why not? Give specific examples.
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
11.What were the possible factors that allowed some non-Western societies to resist or cope with the arrival of Westerners better than others? How did Alfonso I seek to use his common Christian faith to alleviate the impact of slavery on his subjects?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
12.How did the arrival of Islam change the previously Buddhist and Hindu societies of Southeast Asia?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1
IDENTIFICATIONS
Instructions: Identify the following terms.
1.Paramesvara
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 391
2.Malacca
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 391
3.Prince Henry the Navigator
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 396
4.Vasco da Gama
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 390
5."Christians and spices"
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 390
6.Marco Polo's Travels
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 394
7.Sufism
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 391
8.Songhai
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 392
9.Timbuktu
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 393
10.Leo Africanus
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 393
11.caravels
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 395
12."God, glory, and gold"
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 394
13.sternpost rudder, compass, and astrolabe
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 395
14.conquistador
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398
15.portolani
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 394
16.the Gold Coast
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 396
17.Calicut
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 396
18.Afonso de Albuquerque
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 396-397
19.Christopher Columbus
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 397
20.Hispaniola
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398
21.Pedro Cabral
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398
22.John Cabot
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398
23.Treaty of Tordesillas
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 397
24.Amerigo Vespucci
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398
25.Hernán Cortés
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398
26.Moctezuma
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398
27.Francisco Pizarro
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 399
28.encomienda system
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 402
29.Bartolomé de Las Casas
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 403
30.Ferdinand Magellan
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 397
31.British East India Company
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398
32.Dutch West India Company and Dutch East India Company
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 398 | p. 403
33.the VOC
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 413
34.mulattoes and mestizos
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 400
35.Massachusetts Bay Company
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 404
36.Cape of Good Hope
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 406
37.Kilwa, Sofala, and Mombasa
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 406
38.Mwene Mutapa
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 406
39.Boers
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 406
40.Afrikaans
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 406
41.Alfonso I
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 411
42.Gorée
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 409
43.cane culture in America
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 407
44.manioc
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 412
45.Middle Passage
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 408
46.the Slave Coast
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 412
47.Batavia
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 413
48.batik
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 415
49.Shwedagon Pagoda
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 417
50.Buddhist and Islamic kingship models
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS:1REF:p. 415
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.Western historians customarily regard this as the crucial point in opening the trade routes to the East.
a. / the travels of Marco Polob. / the voyages of Vasco de Gama
c. / the discovery of the New World by Columbus
d. / Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe
e. / Prince Henry, the Navigator's establishment of a school for navigators
ANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 390-391
2.By the early 1400s, a growing percentage of the Asian spice trade was being transported
a. / by camel caravans across Arabia.b. / in European ships, particularly Dutch and Portuguese.
c. / in Muslim ships.
d. / in Chinese ships as evidenced by the voyages of Zheng He.
e. / across the Silk Road from China.
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 391
3.The major impetus for the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia came in the early fifteenth century with the establishment of this sultanate.
a. / Malacca.b. / Tumasik.
c. / Ayuthaya.
d. / Palembang.
e. / Sulawesi.
ANS:APTS:1REF:p. 391
4.One of the earliest West African states to become Muslim was
a. / the Zanj.b. / Zimbabwe.
c. / Axum.
d. / Mali.
e. / Kush.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 392
5.By the twelfth century, a great center of Islamic learning in West Africa was
a. / Great Zimbabwe.b. / Timbuktu.
c. / Mansa Musa.
d. / Niger.
e. / Zanj.
ANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 393
6.Europeans embarked on expansionist voyages for all of the following except
a. / there was a potential for economic gain through increased world trade.b. / some desired to spread Christianity to other parts of the world.
c. / a spirit of adventure.
d. / fear that Islam would occupy the rest of the world if Christendom did not.
e. / intellectual curiosity.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 393-394
7.Prince Henry
a. / was the first European to get to the source of the Zambezi.b. / established a school for naval gunners in Portsmouth, England in 1438.
c. / was depicted as the "epitome" of greed by Bartolomeu Dias.
d. / established a school for navigators in Portugal in 1419.
e. / became king of England in 1628.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 396
8.An influential cargo brought back to Portugal from the West African coastal voyages in 1441 was
a. / silver.b. / gold.
c. / slaves.
d. / spices.
e. / ivory.
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 396
9.The Cape of Good Hope was rounded in 1487 by
a. / Abram Voorhies.b. / Vasco da Gama.
c. / Ferdinand Magellan.
d. / Bartolomeu Dias.
e. / Henry the Navigator.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 396
10.The Portuguese leaders who first landed at Calicut and seized the port of Malacca were, respectively,
a. / Jaime Cardose and Pedro Martinez Munoa.b. / Ferdinando Colan and Alhambra da Fonseca.
c. / Vasco da Gama and Afonso de Albuquerque.
d. / Henry da Bruscia and Eduardo da Estabano.
e. / Juan Montillo and Jorge Sikada Maio.
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 396-397
11.All of the following were true of the Portuguese foray into overseas trade except that they
a. / were unable over time to maintain their position in the Spice Islands.b. / employed the standard methods of peaceful competition that existed before they ventured into those new foreign regions.
c. / gained complete control of the spice trade between the East and Europe for a brief time.
d. / defeated their competition in the spice trade through the use of overwhelming force until they, in turn, were similarly overwhelmed.
e. / had an advantage because of Portugal's location on the Atlantic seaboard.
ANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 396-397
12.Christopher Columbus
a. / was an escaped criminal from Munich when he sailed to the Americas.b. / was of Genoese origin, although he gained fame in the service of the Portuguese king.
c. / was the brother of Hessin Cortes.
d. / converted to Islam on his forty-third birthday.
e. / believed that Asia was larger, and closer to Europe by water, than people then thought.
ANS:EPTS:1REF:p. 398
13.Which of the following is not true concerning European forays into the New World?
a. / Christopher Columbus believed he had reached Asia.b. / John Cabot explored the coast of New England on a voyage sponsored by Henry VII.
c. / Christopher Columbus explored along the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula.
d. / Pedro Cabral discovered South America by accident.
e. / Vespucci's many published letters describing the geography of the New World caused people to call the area "America."
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 398
14.The Treaty of Tordesillas
a. / divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between the English and the French.b. / divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal.
c. / gave the English the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope.
d. / gave the French the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope.
e. / ended the Hundred Years' War.
ANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 397
15.Which of the following accurately pairs Spanish conquistadors with the New World empires they destroyed?
a. / Pizarro and the Aztecs; de Soto and the Inka.b. / Magellan and the Inka; Albuquerque and the Iroquois.
c. / Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Inka.
d. / de Soto and the Aztecs; Cortés and the Inka.
e. / de Soto and the Inka; Cortés and the Aztecs.
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 398-399
16.Brazil was under the rule of the
a. / French.b. / Spanish.
c. / English.
d. / Portuguese.
e. / Dutch.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 399
17.Under the encomienda system, New World natives were
a. / forced to accept Islam.b. / permitted to retain control over their local lands.
c. / subjected to exploitation and harsh treatment by the Dutch.
d. / supposed to be protected by the Spanish.
e. / taken to Spain to be used as laborers.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 402
18.As a result of the publications of Bartolomé de Las Casas,
a. / Amerindian rights were recognized and respected.b. / the encomienda system was established.
c. / Amerindians were more maltreated than before.
d. / the Spanish government was more attentive to the needs of the native populations.
e. / a new route to the Indies was discovered.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 403
19.European links to the rest of the world included the
a. / establishment of Viking settlements in the Caribbean during the ninth and tenth centuries.b. / trip of the Polo family to East Asia in the late thirteenth century.
c. / mass immigration of North African Muslims to France and Italy during the fourteenth century.
d. / Spanish conquest of South Africa in the sixteenth century.
e. / Dutch seizure of Madagascar in the early sixteenth century.
ANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 393-394
20.Spanish colonial administration in the Western Hemisphere was carried out through
a. / the New Spain Board of Trade.b. / a loose system of governors.
c. / appointed viceroyalties.
d. / third-party trade organizations.
e. / the Church.
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 401
21.All of the following are correct except as a result of their empires in the New World and Asia,
a. / the Dutch became a major trading power, especially in Asia.b. / Spain imported riches in gold, silver, hides, and agricultural products.
c. / Portugal imported Asian spices, jewels, silk, carpets, and perfumes.
d. / the development of the modern world economy began.
e. / England seized Greenland from Denmark.
ANS:EPTS:1REF:p. 403-404
22.Portuguese control of the spice trade was ended by
a. / Muslim attacks from Delhi.b. / the circumnavigating voyage of Balboa.
c. / the establishment of the British and Dutch East India Companies.
d. / rival Hindu merchants from the Ganges plain.
e. / a new outbreak of the Black Death.
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 413
23.All of the following were part of the Columbia Exchange except
a. / cows and horses were introduced into the Western hemisphere.b. / potatoes and corn were introduced into Europe from the Americas.
c. / potatoes and corn were introduced into the Americas from Europe.
d. / smallpox arrived in the Americas from Europe.
e. / gunpowder and guns were introduced into the Americas from Europe.
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 405
24.The Dutch and Portuguese
a. / worked together in Southeast Asia to counter the strength of the French and the Danes.b. / tried to induce the inhabitants of areas under their control to accept Islam, and thus make them easier to control.
c. / played no part in European trade with Africa.
d. / jointly administered Brazil until after 1750.
e. / were bitter trade rivals in Southeast Asia until the Dutch won out.
ANS:EPTS:1REF:p. 413
25.Which of the following accurately describes European colonial development in the New World?
a. / The Dutch took New York from the English and changed its name to New Netherland, and later the English lost some of their Canadian holdings to the French.b. / The English took New Netherland from the French and changed its name to New York, and later the Dutch lost some of their Canadian holdings to the French.
c. / The English took New Netherland from the Dutch and changed its name to New York, and later the French lost most of their Canadian holdings to the English.
d. / The French took New York from the Dutch and changed its name to New France, and later the Dutch lost some of their Canadian holdings to the English.
e. / The Bishop of Rome took Brazil from Portugal and returned it to Spain.
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 403-404
26.Which of the following was an example of successful English colonization produced by a combination of religious and economic motives?
a. / Massachusetts Bay.b. / New York.
c. / Virginia.
d. / Chesapeake Bay Colony.
e. / Cuyahoga.
ANS:APTS:1REF:p. 404
27.Developments that helped Europeans expand their influence on the oceans included all except
a. / the development of portolani.b. / the acquisition of the Chinese sternpost rudder.
c. / a combination of lateen sails with square rigging and the ability to build ever-larger and more mobile ships.
d. / the construction of gigantic ships, even larger than those employed by the Ming's Zhenghe.
e. / recent naval experience on the high seas.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 394-395
28.In Spain's New World Empire,
a. / Spanish colonials, following the lead of Bartolomé de Las Casas, were much less harsh toward the American natives than the Spanish government urged them to be.b. / the encomienda policies insured only a 2 percent profit per year to each Spanish investor.
c. / the number of natives on the island of Hispaniola was increased from 300 to 100,000 between 1493 and 1570.
d. / the king was determined to convert the indigenous peoples to Christianity.
e. / the native Americans eagerly and consistently embraced Spanish colonial policies.
ANS:DPTS:1REF:p. 401
29.All of the following are true about European contacts with Africa except that
a. / most peoples in the African interior were little influenced by Europeans in the 1500s.b. / the Portuguese took over the gold trade from Mwene Metapa in East African.
c. / the Dutch established a colony at Cape Town to supply its ships headed for the Spice Islands.
d. / the Boers were responsible for keeping other Europeans away from the Cape of Good Hope.
e. / England established a colony at Zimbabwe in the late 1600s.
ANS:EPTS:1REF:p. 406
30.Which of the following was the most important reason for the massive growth of the African slave trade in the sixteenth century?
a. / the need to supply the mines of Peru with an abundant labor forceb. / the desire to develop the tobacco plantations of the New World
c. / intense labor needs created by the development of sugar growing in the New World
d. / the enormous growth in the African birth rate
e. / the European ability to obtain slaves in many West African areas
ANS:CPTS:1REF:p. 407
31.The African slave trade
a. / was fundamentally altered by the French in the late 1400s.b. / involved the forcible movement of possibly more than twelve million African slaves overseas.
c. / involved the deaths of less than one percent of those leaving West African ports before they arrived at a new home in the Americas.
d. / began practices never before seen in Africa.
e. / solved the labor shortage challenge in European agriculture.
ANS:BPTS:1REF:p. 408
32.Which of the following most accurately depicts life expectancy in the sixteenth century?
a. / Europeans' chances of living longer improved if they did not go to Africa or the West Indies.b. / A European stood a better chance of living much longer in Africa than in the West Indies.
c. / Africans who survived the voyage from their homeland had a shorter life expectancy in the West Indies than Europeans who went there.
d. / The slave's voyage from Africa to the New World was unrelated to his or her mortality.
e. / Africans rarely survived for one year if exposed to the dampness and cold of Europe.
ANS:APTS:1REF:p. 408
33.In regard to the African slave trade, it can be said that