Name______Period___
1. A scientist hypothesizes that homing pigeons use their sense of smell to find their way home. She tests this idea on two groups of pigeons. She releases the pigeons in Group 1 and records the direction of their flight.
The pigeons in Group 2 are given a substance that blocks their sense of smell for a short time. The scientist then releases them and records the direction of their flight. Her data are shown on the diagram below.
From these results, what can be concluded about the scientist’s hypothesis?
1. It is supported by the data.
2. It must be modified and tested again.
3. It is not supported by the data.
4. It can be applied to all bird species.
2. Use the information and the graph below to answer the following item.
A group of students measured the volume of air they exhaled during three different activities: sitting, walking, and running. The volume of exhaled air is directly related to the amount of carbon dioxide produced. The data the students collected are summarized in the graph below.
According to the data, as physical activity increases, the amount of carbon dioxide produced
1. decreases
2. increases
3. remains constant
4. decreases, then increases
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A group of students conducted an experiment to study the growth of bean plants. An equal number of bean plants of similar size were planted in containers A and B. Each day for five days, Container A received water only, while Container B received an equal amount of weak fertilizer solution. The table below shows the average height of the plants in each container for each day of the experiment.
Which of these is being tested in this experiment?
1. effect of water on plant height
2. effect of fertilizer on plant height
3. maximum height the plants will grow
4. number of days the plants will grow
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4. Evidence suggests that bacteria supplied with a cup of sugar could run a 60-watt light bulb for 17 hours.
Which of these was most likely used to affirm this scientific idea?
1. formulate a hypothesis
2. identify the problem
3. conduct an experiment
4. write a conclusion
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Scientists estimate that dental plaque contains up to 1x1011 bacteria per gram. Which number is equal to 1x1011?
1. 1,000,000,000
2. 10,000,000,000
3. 100,000,000,000
4. 1,000,000,000,000
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6. Most carbohydrates in the human body are
1. used as building blocks for proteins
2. used as catalysts for reactions in cells
3. consumed as a source of energy
4. not easily absorbed into the bloodstream
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7. Fluoride is added to drinking water supplies in many states. People cannot see fluoride in the water because it
1. turns into water
2. settles to the bottom of a container
3. dissolves to form a colorless solution
4. is less dense than water so it floats
Use the diagram below to answer the following items.
8. Which of these is a nucleotide?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
9. Which of these is a sugar?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
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A researcher is testing the effect of acid rain on living organisms. She takes a tissue sample and places it in acid rainwater, which decreases its pH. As the pH decreases, what will most likely happen to the enzyme reaction rates in the cells of this tissue?
1. They will increase.
2. They will decrease.
3. They will stay the same.
4. They will increase and level off.
11. Some adult insects are unable to swim but are able to walk on top of water. What characteristic of water enables these insects to walk on top of water?
1. pH
2. surface tension
3. solvent properties
4. atomic bonds
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Glucose is a building block of carbohydrates. Which of these best describes glucose?
1. nucleotide
2. protein
3. monosaccharide
4. lipid
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A scientist believes that a factory has been dumping acid into a local river. To test this hypothesis, which property of water should the scientist monitor?
1. pH
2. density
3. polarity
4. temperature
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Use the information and the graph below to answer the following question.
Catalase is an enzyme found in plant and animal cells. Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful substance found in cells. Catalase causes hydrogen peroxide to break down into water and oxygen.
A student conducted an experiment to determine whether plant and animal cells have the same amount of catalase. She used liver and potato tissues in the experiment. The student followed the procedures below.
1. Label two identical test tubes, 1 and 2.
2. Pour 10 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide solution (1% concentration) into each test tube.
3. Add a small piece of liver tissue to Test Tube 1.
4. Add a small piece of potato tissue to Test Tube 2.
5. Collect the oxygen released from each test tube for 25 seconds.
6. Measure and record the volume of oxygen for each test tube.
The graph below shows the results from the experiment.
14. What type of molecule is catalase?
1. a lipid
2. a protein
3. a nucleic acid
4. a carbohydrate
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The student conducted a second experiment. She boiled the liver tissue completely and added it to the hydrogen peroxide solution. She observed that little to no oxygen was released in the second experiment.
15. Which of these statements best supports the student’s observations?
1. Exposing catalase to high temperatures makes it inactive.
2. Exposing catalase to high temperatures changes it into a different enzyme.
3. Boiling liver breaks down hydrogen peroxide faster.
4. Boiling removes oxygen from the liver.
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16. Which of these correctly matches the molecule with its function?
1. lipid—stores genetic information
2. vitamin—supplies energy to cells
3. enzyme—speeds up chemical reactions
4. carbohydrate—manufactures cell membranes
17. A group of students wants to determine whether a gas is released when glucose is added to a solution of living yeast cells and water. Their experimental setup is shown below.
The students add glucose to a mixture of yeast and water in Flask A. If a gas is released, the test solution in Flask B will turn yellow. The students observe and record the appearance of Flask B at the beginning of the experiment, and again after 24 hours.
· What is a control in a scientific experiment?
· Why are controls important in scientific investigations?
· What would you include in the control set-up for this experiment?
· What should you observe in flask B of your control set-up.
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