Terminology in your biology:
Franz decided to conduct a social study to look at possible consistencies in the social skills of children with autism. The study used three groups: children with autism, children with disabilities other than autism (but had the similar IQs), and normally developing children. Each group consisted of 5 children all matched on age, parent education and economic status, and ethnicity. Children were selected from preschools in Seattle that integrated typically developing children with developmentally disabled children Franz conducted two tests: 1. Joint attention: the tester played with the child and suddenly pointed to a mark on the wall. Percentage of times the child would look at the mark was counted. 2. Engagement: the tester played with toys next to the child and number of attempts to play with the tester (by the child) was counted. Franz found that children with autism scored significantly lower than either group on both tests.
100 pts.
How are the subjects assigned in Franz’s study?
a. Single Subjects assignment
b. Within subjects assignment
c. Between subjects assignment
d. Without subjects assignment
200 pts.
Franz only used 5 children in each group. Because of this, there is a possible threat to what?
a. Construct Validity
b. Random Assignment
c. Internal Validity
d. External Validity
300 pts DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Why did Franz include a group of children with other disabilities with the same IQ?
a. Because IQ could act as an obscuring factor
b. Because IQ could threaten the reliability of the study
c. Because IQ could act as a confounded variable
d. Because IQ could affect the attrition rate of the subjects.
300pts
What type of sampling technique did Franz use to recruit subjects for his study?
a. Non-probability convenience sampling
b. Probability sampling from a stratified sample
c. Non-probability purposive sampling
d. Probability systematic sampling
400 pts.
How did Franz avoid error due to a Hawthorne effect in this study?
Answers may vary but should say something about “By giving all subjects equal attention and/or feedback in the study and not showing more interest in the subjects in one group as compared to another”.
Quasimoto and Single Subject Architecture
100pts.
An experimenter is using an ABAB single subject design to test the effect of electro convulsive therapy treatment for depression. In this experiment,
a. A is depression and B is electro convulsive therapy.
b. B is depression and A is electro convulsive therapy.
c. A is baseline and B is electro convulsive therapy.
d. B is baseline and A is electro convulsive therapy.
e. A is baseline and B is depression.
200pts.
2. Which of the following raises ethical concerns particular to the single subject ABAB design?
a. The deception required to establish a control group.
b. The excessive length of time it takes to complete a study.
c. The withdrawal of a beneficial treatment.
d. The use of cruel and unusual punishment.
e. Certainty of benefit, quality of research, and justice.
300pts.
In an interrupted time series analysis, researchers examine a series of observations both before and after a treatment, but not while the treatment is being administered.
A. False
B. True
C. Cannot be determined from the information given
D. This statement is meaningless.
400pts.
Because of your extensive background in research design, you have been appointed by a local school board committee to design a definitive study of the effect of a newly developed nutritious breakfast as compared with the current, less nutritious, breakfast on the school performance of young children. The school board is trying to decide whether to establish a “nutritious breakfast program” at the school, and, because of the expense of this proposed program (and because of your persuasive arguments), they have decided to test the effectiveness of the breakfast before implementing the program. You are meeting with the principal of the school to work out the details of the study. The principal suggests that students be selected for the treatment during the test phase on the basis of their need. That is, the students who have the lowest nutrition level now will be given the treatment. How would you explain to the principal why this is not an advisable procedure?
Selecting students based on need may result in problems with REGRESSION TO THE MEAN, especially if the students are identified on the basis of an unreliable measure of need. If regression were to be a problem, the nutrition program could falsely appear to be effective.
Skills Pay the Bills: Focus on skills
100 pts
Renee Johnson, Carly Absher, Christopher D. Jones, Rustic Bowen, Diane Sabo, and Kermit T Frog are the authors of a study published in 2000 that you are including in a literature review that you are writing. How would you write out the IN-TEXT citation the first time you mention this study in your paper?
A. Johnson, et al (2000) found that ….
200 pts
You are reading a research article that you ant to add to a literature review your are writing about depression in office workers. You want to know what test of depression the authors used and you want to read a summary of their results in plain English. What are the two sections of the article you need to look in to find this information?
A. the Methods section and the discussion section
300 pts
Which of the following statements describes the correct use of the author’s names when referencing an article in the reference section of a scientific paper (in APA style)
a. use the authors’ complete names but no titles (e.g. No Dr.)
b. Use the authors’ complete names, last name first
c. Use the authors’ complete names; put authors in alphabetical order by last name
d. use the authors’ last name and first initials, last name first
e. Use the first authors’ full name, last name first; list last name only for additional authors.
400 pts
How would you report the following results in the scientific literature: 2 sentences
A. There is a strong positive correlation between age and height. As age increases, height tends to increase as well.
Factoring in the Factorial: Factorial designs and interpreting interactions
100 pts
In and experiment with one factor and four levels, between subjects assignment is used. If the experimenter wants to have 12 subjects in each condition, how many DIFFERENT subjects must be recruited for this study?
A. 48.
200 pts.
A researcher runs and experiment with two factors A and B. Both factors have two levels. A has within subject assignment and B has between subjects assignment. The design is shown below.
A1 A2
B1 A1B1 A2B1
B2 A1B2 A2B2
A subject has completed condition A2B2, what other conditions, (if any) should the subject complete?
A. A1B2
300 pts.
Subjects in an experiment were randomly assigned to listen to either classical music or rock music. Then subjects were given a list of twenty words to memorize. Using random assignment, the researcher told half the subjects who heard each type of music to use a narrative chaining technique and the other half to use a rote method (reciting the words over and over). The dependent variable was the number of words the subjects were able to recall. There were 25 different subjects in each of the four conditions. Mean number of words recalled are noted below:
MUSIC MEMORIZATION TECHNIQUE
Chaining Rote
Classical 16 18
Rock 14 12
Assume any difference between means are statistically significant
Describe what main effects there are (if any)
AND
Describe any interactions
A. Main effect of Music and interaction between music and memorization technique
400 pts
Assume that differences shown are statistically significant. What effects or interactions are present in the figure below.
Mean Score
______
A1 A2 A3
Quasimoto and Single Subject Architecture
100 pts
An experimenter is using an ABAB single subject design to test the effect of electro convulsive therapy treatment for depression. In this experiment,
a. A symbolizes the depression phase and B stands for the electro convulsive therapy
b. B symbolizes the depression phase and A stands for the electro convulsive therapy
c. A symbolizes the baseline phase and B stands for the electro convulsive therapy
d. B symbolizes the baseline phase and A stands for the electro convulsive therapy
e. A symbolizes the baseline phase and B stands for the depression phase
200 pts
Which of the following raises ethical concerns particular to the single subjects ABAB design?
a. the deception required to establish a control group
b. the excessive length of time it takes to complete a study
c. the withdrawal of a beneficial treatment
d. the use of cruel and unusual punishment
e. the combination of benefit, quality of research, and justice
300 pts
In an interrupted time series design researchers examine a series of observations both before and after a treatment, but not while the treatment is being administered.
a. true
b. false
c. cannot be determined from the information given
d. sometimes, but not always
400 pts.
Because of your extensive background in research design, you have been appointed by a local school board committee to design a definitive study of the effect of a newly developed nutritious breakfast as compared to the current, less nutritious breakfast on the school performance of young children. The school board is trying to decide whether to establish the new breakfast at the school and, because of the expense of this proposed program, they had decided to test the effectiveness of the breakfast before implementing it. You are meeting with the principal of the school to work out the details for the study. The principal suggests that the students be selected for the study based on their need. That is, the students who have the lowest nutrition level should be tested first. How would you explain to the principal that this is not an advisable plan of subject recruitment?
A. Regression to the mean
What are you “inferring”? Inferential Statistics
100 pts
True or false? The level of significance in inferential statistics is the tolerance for allowing that the sample means could actually be from the same population.
A. True
200 pts.
Does failing to reject the null hypothesis show that changes in the IV do not affect the DV? Explain your answer
A. No. Maybe the manipulation was not strong enough. Or maybe there was a type II error.
300 pts
If a researcher rejects the null hypothesis and in the TRUE STATE OF THE WORLD there is a significant difference between two levels of an independent variable, has she made a correct decision or an error? If she’s made an error, what kind of error?
400 pts.
Name at least 2 of the four things that influence the outcome of tests of statistical significance:
A. magnitude of the difference between means
B. Sample size
C. SampleVariance
D. Alpha level used
Describe that Data (descriptive stats)
100 pts
What is the median number of hours that the teachers exercised per week according to the following frequency distribution.
A. 4
200 pts
According to the following frequency distribution, what is the mean number of hours exercised per week
A. 5
300 pts.
If you have two new psychological tests that are supposed to measure the same construct, and you want to make sure that they really do measure the same thing, what statistical test would you use to look for this relationship?
A. Correlation
400 pts.
You have two samples of data (A and B) and the standard deviation for those samples is 2.34 and 4.00 respectively. If you end up failing to reject the null hypothesis after testing for difference between these two samples which of the samples is more likely to have kept you from getting the results you were expecting?
A. the B sample
Hey baby, what’s your experimental type? Types of research studies
100 pts
True or False: In a Correlational study, random assignment of participants to conditions is not possible.
A. True
200 pts
In what type of experiment would it be possible to infer causality
A. True experiment
300 pts
Define Natural groups or non-equivalent groups experimental design
No-random assignment
400 pts.
What are the two types of variables in a true mixed experimental design and can you infer cause for either of them?
A. Manipulated IV and Subject variable, and you can infer cause for the manipulated IV