The International Research Foundation
for English Language Education
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: SELECTED REFERENCES
(Last updated 9 September 2017)
Allal, L., & Lopez, L. M. (2005). Formative assessment of learning: A review of publications in French. In J. Looney (Ed.), Formative assessment: Improving learning in secondary classrooms. (pp. 241-264). Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Retrieved from
Andrade, H., & Cizek, G. (Eds.) (2010). Handbook of formative assessment. New York, NY: Routledge.
Araceli Ruiz-Primo, M., & Furtak, E. M. (2006). Informal formative assessment and scientific inquiry: Exploring teachers' practices and student learning. Educational Assessment, 11(3-4), 237-263.
Athanases, S. Z., & Achinstein, B. (2003). Focusing new teachers on individual and low performing students: The centrality of formative assessment in the mentor's repertoire of practice. Teachers College Record, 105(8), 1486-1520.
Aydeniz, M. (2009). Formative assessment: Improving learning in secondary classrooms. School Science and Mathematics, 109(7), 428-431.
Bailey, A. L., & Heritage, M. (Eds.). (2008). Formative assessment for literacy, grades K-6: Building reading and academic language skills across the curriculum. Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press.
Beatty, I. D., & Gerace, W. J. (2009). Technology-enhanced formative assessment: A research-based pedagogy for teaching science with classroom response technology. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 18(2), 146-162.
Bell, B., & Cowie, B. (2001). The characteristics of formative assessment in science education. Science Education, 85(5), 536-553. Retrieved from
Bennett, R. E. (2011). Formative assessment: A critical review. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 18(1), 5-25. Retrieved from
Berry, R. (2011). Assessment trends in Hong Kong: Seeking to establish formative assessment in an examination culture. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 18(2), 199-211.
Biggs, J. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning: A role for formative assessment? Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5, 103-110.
Black, P. (2001). Formative assessment and curriculum consequences. In D. Scott (Ed.), Curriculum and assessment (pp. 7-23). Westport, CT: Ablex. e
Black, P., & Harrison, C. (2001). Feedback in questioning and marking: The science teacher's role in formative assessment. School Science Review, 82(301), 55-61.
Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., & Wiliam, D. (2004). Working inside the black box: Assessment for learning in the classroom. Phi Delta Kappan, 86(1), 8-21. Retrived from
Black, P., & Jones, J. (2006). Formative assessment and the learning and teaching of MFL: sharing the language learning road map with the learners. Language Learning Journal, 34(1), 4-9.
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2003). ‘In praise of educational research’: Formative assessment. British educational research journal, 29(5), 623-637.
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21(1), 5-31. Retrieved from
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2010). Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(1), 81-90. Retrieved from
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2011). Developing a theory of formative assessment. In J. Gardner (Ed.), Assessment and learning (2 ed.). London, UK: Sage.
Blanche, P., & Merino, B. J. (1989). Self‐assessment of foreign‐language skills: Implications for teachers and researchers. Language learning, 39(3), 313-338.
Brookhart, S. (2001). Successful students' formative and summative uses of assessment information. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 8(2), 153-169.
Brookhart, S. M., Moss, C. M., & Long, B. A. (2010). Teacher inquiry into formative assessment practices in remedial reading classrooms. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 17(1), 41-58.
Brookhart, S., Moss, C., & Long, B. (2008). Formative assessment. Educational Leadership, 66(3), 52-57.
Buchanan, T. (2000). The efficacy of a World‐Wide Web mediated formative assessment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 16(3), 193-200. Retrieved from
Carless, D. (2005). Prospects for the implementation of assessment for learning. Assessment in Education, 12(1), 39-54. Retrieved from
Carless, D. (2012). From testing to productive student learning: Implementing formative assessment in Confucian-heritage settings. New York, NY: Routledge.
Carreira, M. M. (2012). Formative assessment in HL teaching: Purposes, procedures, and practices. Heritage Language Journal, 9(1), 100-120.
Cauley, K. M., & McMillan, J. H. (2010). Formative assessment techniques to support student motivation and achievement. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 83(1), 1-6. Retrieved from
Chen, X. H. (2009). An empirical study of applying formative assessment to college English oral testing [J]. Foreign Languages and Their Teaching, 7, 008.
Clark, I. (2012). Formative assessment: Assessment is for self-regulated learning. Educational Psychology Review, 24(2), 205-249. Retrieved from
Clarke, S., Timperley, H., & Hattie, J. (2001). Unlocking formative assessment. London, UK: Hodder and Stoughton.
Colby-Kelly, C., & Turner, C. E. (2007). AFL research in the L2 classroom and evidence of usefulness: Taking formative assessment to the next level. Canadian Modern Language Review, 64(1), 9-37.
Cowie, B., & Bell, B. (1999). A model of formative assessment in science education. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 6(1), 101-116.
Davison, C. (2007). Views from the chalkface: English language school-based assessment in Hong Kong. Language Assessment Quarterly, 4(1), 37-68. Retrieved from
Davison, C., & Leung, C. (2009). Current issues in English language teacher-based assessment. Tesol Quarterly, 393-415.
Daws, N., & Singh, B. (1996). Formative assessment: To what extent is its potential to enhance pupils' science being realized? School Science Review, 77, 93-99
Dunn, K. E., & Mulvenon, S. W. (2009). A critical review of research on formative assessment: The limited scientific evidence of the impact of formative assessment in education. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 14(7), 1-11. Retrieved from
Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2015). Checking for understanding: Formative assessment techniques for your classroom. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Gattullo, F. (2000). Formative assessment in ELT primary (elementary) classrooms: An Italian case study. Language Testing, 17(2), 278-288.
Gijbels, D., & Dochy, F. (2006). Students’ assessment preferences and approaches to learning: can formative assessment make a difference?. Educational Studies, 32(4), 399-409.
Gikandi, J. W., Morrow, D., & Davis, N. E. (2011). Online formative assessment in higher education: A review of the literature. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2333-2351. Retrieved from
Harlen, W. (2006). On the relationship between assessment for formative and summative purposes. Assessment and Learning, 2, 95-110.
Harlen, W., & James, M. (1997). Assessment and learning: Differences and relationships between formative and summative assessment. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 4(3), 365-379.
Heritage, M. (2007). Formative assessment: What do teachers need to know and do?. Phi Delta Kappan, 89(2), 140-145. Retrieved from
Heritage, M., Kim, J., Vendlinski, T., & Herman, J. (2009). From evidence to action: A seamless process in formative assessment?. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 28(3), 24-31.
Heritage, M., Walqui, A., & Linquanti, R. (2013). Formative assessment as contingent teaching and learning: Perspectives on assessment as and for language learning in the content areas. In Annual Meeting of American Education Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
Hua, W., & Changhong, F. (2006). A survey of studies on using formative evaluation in foreign language instruction. Foreign Language World, 4, 67-72.
Hwang, G. J., & Chang, H. F. (2011). A formative assessment-based mobile learning approach to improving the learning attitudes and achievements of students. Computers & Education, 56(4), 1023-1031. Retrieved from
Irons, A. (2007). Enhancing learning through formative assessment and feedback. New York, NY: Routledge.,
Kanjee, A. (2000). Investigating formative assessment: Teaching, learning and assessment in the classroom (H. Torrance & J. Pryor) reviewed. Assessment in Education, 7(1), 160-164.
Kingston, N., & Nash, B. (2011). Formative assessment: A meta‐analysis and a call for research. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 30(4), 28-37.
Klenowski, V. (2009). Assessment for learning revisited: An Asia-Pacific perspective. Assessment in Education, Principles,Policy and Practice, 16(3), 263-268. Retrieved from
Köller, O. (2005). Formative assessment in classrooms: A review of the empirical German literature. In J. Looney (Ed.),Formative assessment: Improving learning in secondary classrooms (pp. 265-279).Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Retrieved from
Lee, I. (2007). Feedback in Hong Kong secondary writing classrooms: Assessment for learning or assessment of learning?. Assessing Writing, 12(3), 180-198.
Leung, C. (2004). Developing formative teacher-based assessment: Knowledge, practice, and change. Language Assessment Quarterly, 1, 19-41.
Leung, C., & Mohan, B. (2004). Teacher formative assessment and talk in classroom contexts: Assessment as discourse and assessment of discourse. Language Testing, 21(3), 335-359.
McMillan, J. H. (2007). Formative classroom assessment: Theory into practice. New York, NY: Teachers College Pr.
Nicol, D. J., & Macfarlane‐Dick, D. (2006). Formative assessment and self‐regulated learning: A model and seven principles of good feedback practice. Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 199-218.
Nitko, A. J. (1996). Educational assessment of students. Des Moines, IA: Prentice-Hall Order Processing Center.
Panadero, E., & Jonsson, A. (2013). The use of scoring rubrics for formative assessment purposes revisited: A review. Educational Research Review, 9, 129-144.
Paschal, C. B. (2002). Formative assessment in physiology teaching using a wireless classroom communication system. Advances in Physiology Education, 26(4), 299-308. Retrieved from
Peat, M., & Franklin, S. (2002). Supporting student learning: the use of computer–based formative assessment modules. British Journal of Educational Technology, 33(5), 515-523. Retrieved from
Penuel, W. R., Roschelle, J., & Shechtman, N. (2007). Designing formative assessment software with teachers: An analysis of the co-design process. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 2(01), 51-74.
Poehner, M. E., & Lantolf, J. P. (2005). Dynamic assessment in the language classroom. Language Teaching Research, 9(3), 233-265.
Pryor, J., & Crossouard, B. (2008). A socio‐cultural theorisation of formative assessment. Oxford Review of Education, 34(1), 1-20.
Qian, G. (2004). Promoting learner's autonomy in college English teaching with formative evaluation [J]. Journal of Xi'an International Studies University, 2, 021.
Ranalli, J., Link, S. & Chukharev-Hudilainen, E. (2017). Automated writing evaluation for formative assessment of second language writing: Investigating the accuracy and usefulness of feedback as part of argument-based validation. Educational Psychology, 37(1), 8-25. Retrieved from
Rea-Dickins, P., & Gardner, S. (2000). Snares and silver bullets: Disentangling the construct of formative assessment. Language Testing, 17(2), 215-243. Retrieved from
Rolfe, I., & McPherson, J. (1995). Formative assessment: how am I doing?. The Lancet, 345(8953), 837-839.
Roos, B., & Hamilton, D. (2005). Formative assessment: A cybernetic viewpoint. Assessment in Education, 12, 7-20.
Ruiz‐Primo, M. A., & Furtak, E. M. (2007). Exploring teachers' informal formative assessment practices and students' understanding in the context of scientific inquiry. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(1), 57-84. Retrieved from
Rushton, A. (2005). Formative assessment: A key to deep learning?. Medical Teacher, 27(6), 509-513.
Sadler, D. R. (1989). Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems. Instructional Science, 18(2), 119-144. Retrieved from
Sadler, D. R. (1998). Formative assessment: Revisiting the territory. Assessment in education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 77-84. Retrieved from
Shavelson, R. J., Young, D. B., Ayala, C. C., Brandon, P. R., Furtak, E. M., Ruiz-Primo, M. A., ... & Yin, Y. (2008). On the impact of curriculum-embedded formative assessment on learning: A collaboration between curriculum and assessment developers. Applied Measurement in Education, 21(4), 295-314.
Shepard, L. A. (2005). Linking formative assessment to scaffolding. Educational Leadership, 63(3), 66-70.
Shepard, L. A. (2008). Formative assessment: Caveat emptor. In C. A. Dwyer (Ed.), The future of assessment: Shaping teaching and learning (pp. 279-303). New York, NY: Routledge.
Stiggins, R. (2005). From formative assessment to assessment for learning: A path to success in standards-based schools. Phi Delta Kappan, 87(4), 324-328. Retrieved from
Stobart, G. (2006). The validity of formative assessment. In G. Gardner (Ed.), Assessment and learning(pp. 133-146). London, UK: Sage Publications.
Taras, M. (2005). Assessment–summative and formative–some theoretical reflections. British Journal of Educational Studies, 53(4), 466-478. Retrieved from
Torrance, H. (1993). Formative assessment: Some theoretical problems and empirical questions. Cambridge Journal of Education, 23(3), 333-343.
Torrance, H. (2007). Assessment as learning? How the use of explicit learning objectives, assessment criteria and feedback in post‐secondary education and training can come to dominate learning. Assessment in Education, 14(3), 281-294. Retrieved from
Torrance, H., & Pryor, J. (1998). Investigating formative assessment: Teaching, learning and assessment in the classroom. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Torrance, H., & Pryor, J. (2001). Developing formative assessment in the classroom: Using action research to explore and modify theory. British Educational Research Journal, 27(5), 615-631. Retrieved from
Trumbell, E., & Gerzon, N. (2013). Professional development on formative assessment: Insights from research and practice. San Francisco, CA: WestEd.
Tunstall, P., & Gsipps, C. (1996). Teacher feedback to young children in formative assessment: A typology. British Educational Research Journal, 22(4), 389-404.
Vickerman, P. (2009). Student perspectives on formative peer assessment: An attempt to deepen learning?. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 34(2), 221-230.
Wang, K. H., Wang, T. H., Wang, W. L., & Huang, S. C. (2006). Learning styles and formative assessment strategy: enhancing student achievement in Web‐based learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22(3), 207-217.
Wang, L. J., Li, J. H., Wu, X. Y., & Meng, G. H. (2006). The influence of formative evaluation upon English learning strategies [J]. Journal of Hebei University (Philosophy and Social Science), 4, 021.
Wang, T. H. (2007). What strategies are effective for formative assessment in an e‐learning environment?. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 23(3), 171-186. Retrieved from
Wang, T. H. (2008). Web-based quiz-game-like formative assessment: Development and evaluation. Computers & Education, 51(3), 1247-1263. Retrieved from
Wiliam, D. (2006). Formative assessment: Getting the focus right. Educational Assessment, 11(3-4), 283-289.
Wiliam, D. (2011). Embedded formative assessment. Blommington, IN: Solution Tree Press. Retrieved from
Wiliam, D., & Black, P. (1996). Meanings and consequences: a basis for distinguishing formative and summative functions of assessment?. British Educational Research Journal, 22(5), 537-548.
Wu, Y.A. (2001). English language teaching in China: Trends and challenges. TESOL quarterly, 191-194.
Xiulan, W. (2008). A survey of studies on applying formative evaluation to college foreign language teaching in China. Foreign Language World, 3, 019.
Yan, C., Shang, R.P., & Zhou, W.X. (2004). Implementation of Formative Evaluation in an EFL Writing Course for Chinese College Non-Language Majors [J]. Foreign Language Education, 5, 020.
Yorke, M. (2001). Formative assessment and its relevance to retention. Higher Education Research & Development, 20(2), 115-126.
Yorke, M. (2003). Formative assessment in higher education: Moves towards theory and the enhancement of pedagogic practice. Higher Education, 45(4), 477-501. Retrieved from
Zhi-qiang, G. Q. Y. (2003). Formative assessment and college English teaching and testing [J]. Research on Education Tsinghua University, 5, 1-18.
Zhou, P. D., & Qin, X. B. (2005). The application of formative assessment in multimedia computer-assisted language learning. Media in Foreign Language Instruction, 5, 9-13.
Zou, H. M., & Cai, Z. Y. (2006). An experiment on implementation of formative assessment and the reform of the current assessing system of college English teaching [J]. Journal of Jiangxi Normal University, 1, 024.
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