2013-14Biology Semester 1 Exam review

Format/stuff to bring:

  • About 130 multiple choice questions on Scantron
  • You will need a pencil
  • Bring something to do afterward. In accordance with school policy, there will be no electronic devices allowed after.
  • The test is constructed in order with each unit labeled. That is, the questions are not all mixed up.
  • The number of questions for each unit is proportional to the time spent on the unit. Units that went by pretty quickly don’t have a whole lot of questions, compared to longer units.

How to prepare:

  • Use this packet to determine what to review. Go through this sheet and write definitions/answers next to things you don’t know. Then study this material. If you need more room to write, a copy is on Schoolpointe that you can add spaces to, etc.
  • Review the things behind each divider in your binder. If you haven’t been organizing your notebook the way I’ve asked you to, now you find out why I told you to do it that way! The things that have been three hole punched are test reflections (green), vocab and skill sheets (green), vocab/bookquizzes (pink), pretests/posttests and self-assessments (salmon), and class notes. Basically you should be preparing for this test just as you did for each individual chapter test.
  • A lot of these papers are available on SchoolPointe and have answer keys with them.
  • Look back at your test reflections. What did you have trouble with? Be sure to review those things. The test reflection also has up at the top ideas for what you should be doing to review. Try some of those things, if you have not. If you’d like to see an old test, you will have to come after school to do that.
  • If you’d like to come in and go through your old tests (either on your own, or with me) you can do that, but the tests don’t leave my room.
  • Do a little at a time. Don’t wait until the night before the exam and try to relearn it all.
  • The daybefore exams is time for us to review together. I am not planning any kind of formal review game or practice test, it is just an open time to fire questions at me. If you have not done any preparation on your own before then, you are wasting the opportunity to ask me questions. You may also work together and quiz each other in a small group, as long as the noise level does not get too loud and as long as you use Bio class time to prepare for the Bio test.

Ch 1: The Science of Biology

Vocab:

  • ObservationInference
  • HypothesisControl group
  • Control variableIndependent variable
  • Dependent variableBias
  • BiologyDNA
  • HomeostasisMetabolism
  • BiosphereCell
  • StimulusEvolve
  • Ocular lens Objective lens
  • Coarse adjustmentFine adjustment
  • DiaphragmStage
  • MagnificationNose piece

Learning Targets (Skills):

  • Identify independent variables, dependent variables and control variables/groups (ch1.1)
  • Critique experimental designs (i.e. is it a good experiment, explain why) (ch1.1)
  • Describe what peer review is and why it is important (ch 1.2)
  • List/describe the 8 characteristics of living things (ch 1.3)
  • Identify/give an example of the 8 characteristics of life (ch 1.3)
  • Identify something as living or not according to the 8 characteristics of living things and support that opinion (ch 1.3)
  • Identify parts of the microscope and their functions (Appendix B)
  • Describe how to use/care for microscopes (Appendix B)

Chapter 7.1 & 7.2:Cell Structure and Function

Vocab:

  • cell theory cell membrane
  • cytoplasm nucleus
  • prokaryote eukaryote
  • organelle lipid bilayer
  • fluid mosaicselectively permeable
  • nucleolusribosome
  • mitochondriaGolgi body
  • endoplasmic reticulumlysosome
  • chloroplastcilia
  • flagellacentriole
  • cell wallcentral vacuole
  • chlorophyllvacuole

Learning Targets (Skills):

  • State and explain the three parts of the cell theory (Ch 7.1)
  • Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Ch 7.1)
  • Give examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Ch 7.1)
  • Identify a cell as prokaryotic or eukaryotic and give reasons why (Ch 7.1)
  • Identify parts of prokaryotic cells (Ch 7.1)
  • State functions of parts of prokaryotic cells (Ch 7.1)
  • Identify parts of eukaryotic cells (Ch 7.2)
  • State functions of parts of eukaryotic cells (Ch 7.2)
  • Describe the structure of the cell membrane (Ch 7.2)
  • Describe the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane (Ch 7.2)
  • Identify a cell as plant or animal and give reasons why (Ch 7.2)

Chapter 7.3: Cell Transport

Vocab:

  • Lipid bilayerfluid mosaic
  • passive transporthomeostasis
  • diffusion concentration gradient
  • equilibriumosmosis
  • hypotonichypertonic
  • isotonicplasmolysis
  • osmotic pressurecytolysis
  • facilitated diffusioncarrier protein
  • ion channelactive transport
  • ATPendocytosis
  • vesiclepinocytosis
  • phagocytosisexocytosis
  • selectively permeableprotein pump

Learning Targets (Skills):

  • Identify (specifically) what parts of the cell (and parts of those parts) are involved in cell transport (Ch 7.3)
  • Explain, with or without using diagrams, the different ways that things get into and out of the cell (i.e. the different kinds of cell transport) (Ch 7.3)
  • Explain in detail how each mode of cell transport works (Ch 7.3)
  • Describe the movement and net movement of molecules during cell transport (Ch 7.3)
  • Identify whether a cell is in equilibrium (Ch 7.3)
  • Describe the movement and net movement of molecules during equilibrium (Ch 7.3)
  • Identify whether a process is active and passive transport and explain why (Ch 7.3)
  • Identify the movement of water through osmosis (Ch 7.3)
  • Describe the effects of osmosis of on a cell (Ch 7.3)
  • Identify what kinds of things are moved in/out of the cell by which process (Ch 7.3)

Ch 8: Photosynthesis

Vocab:

  • photosynthesisautotroph
  • heterotrophlight dependent reactions
  • light independent reactionschloroplast
  • thylakoidgranum
  • stromachlorophyll
  • electron transport chain ATP / ADP + P
  • NADPH / NADP+Calvin Cycle
  • dark reactionslight reactions
  • carbohydrateglucose

Learning Targets (Skills):

  • Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs and give examples of each (Ch 8.1)
  • Explain why almost all organisms depend on photosynthesis (Ch 8.1)
  • Explain how organisms besides plants benefit from photosynthesis(Ch 8.1)
  • Summarize the events of the light dependent reactions and light independent reactions, including the reactants, main products waste products the organelle and parts involved(Ch 8.2 & 8.3)
  • Diagram where different reactants, products and processes of photosynthesis take place(Ch 8.2 & 8.3)
  • Identify/explain the formula for photosynthesis(Ch 8.2 & 8.3)
  • Explain how environmental factors affect the rate of photosynthesis(Ch 8.3)

Ch 9: Cell Respiration

Vocab:

  • cell respirationNADH / NAD+
  • aerobic respirationanaerobic respiration
  • glycolysiscytoplasm
  • fermentationlactic acid
  • alcoholpyruvic acid
  • matrixcristae
  • acetyl CoAKrebs cycle
  • FAD2+ / FADH2citric acid cycle
  • electron transport chainATP / ADP + P

Learning Targets (Skills):

  • Summarize the events of the glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport chain, including the reactants, main products, waste products (by products), the organelle and parts involved (Ch 9.1 & 9.2)
  • Predict the amount of energy released at each part of cellular respiration, compare the amount of energy made (Ch 9.1 & 9.2)
  • Diagram where different reactants, products and processes of cell respiration take place (Ch 9.1 & 9.2)
  • Explain different process of anaerobic respiration, including when they occur/why, what products are made and explaining the amount of energy made (Ch 9.3)
  • Identify/explain the formula for cell respiration (Ch 9.1 & 9.2)
  • Discuss the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and cell respiration. Are they really opposites of each other? (Ch 9.1 & 9.2)

Ch 10.1, 10.2 & 11.4: Cell Division

Vocab:

  • DNAchromatin
  • chromatinchromosome
  • centromeresex chromosome
  • autosomehomologous chromosome
  • diploidhaploid
  • binary fissionmitosis
  • meiosisasexual reproduction
  • gameteinterphase
  • prophasemetaphase
  • anaphasetelophase
  • cytokinesiscell plate
  • spindle fibersynapsis
  • tetradasexual reproduction
  • sexual reproductioncrossing over
  • cell cycleG1 phase
  • S phaseG2 phase
  • M phaseG0 phase

Learning Targets (Skills):

  • Describe the structure of a chromosome(Ch 10.2)
  • Compare chromosome, chromatid and chromatin(Ch 10.2)
  • Distinguish between diploid and haploid cells(Ch 11.4)
  • Explain the differences between sex chromosomes and autosomes and know the number of each for humans(Ch 10.2)
  • Describe how cell division in prokaryotes is different from eukaryotes(Ch 10.2)
  • Summarize the events of cell growth and mitosis(Ch 10.2)
  • Identify stages of mitosis and meiosis(Ch 10.2 & 11.4)
  • Compare the end products of meiosis and mitosis(Ch 10.2 & 11.4)
  • Summarize the events of meiosis(Ch 11.4)
  • Discuss the importance of gamete formation(Ch 11.4)
  • Explain what happens during interphase and cytokinesis, and why they are not considered part of mitosis/meiosis(Ch 10.2)
  • Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction(Ch 10.1)
  • Associate cell division with sexual and asexual reproduction(Ch 10.1)
  • Compare/contrast cell division in plant and animal cells(Ch 10.2)

Ch 12 DNA Replication

Vocab:

  • DNAnucleotide
  • deoxyribosenitrogenous base
  • phosphate group complementary base pair
  • double helixbase sequence
  • hydrogen bond base pairing rules
  • adenineguanine
  • cytosinethymine
  • replication DNA helicase
  • replication forkDNA polymerase
  • mutationenzyme
  • leading strand lagging strand
  • semi-conservative replicationDNA ligase

Learning Targets (Skills):

  • Describe the experiments/contributions of the following individuals to our understanding of the structure/function of DNA: (ch 12.1 & 12.2)
  • GriffithsAveryHershey/Chase
  • ChargaffFranklinWatson/Crick
  • Describe/identify the parts of an DNA nucleotide (ch 12.2)
  • Describe/identify the chemical bonds that hold the DNA molecule together (ch 12.2)
  • Describe/identify the shape of DNA molecule and the contributions of scientists to its discovery (ch 12.1 & 12.2)
  • Given a strand of DNA, use base pairing rules to give the other strand of DNA

(ch 12.2)

  • Summarize the process of DNA replication (ch 12.3)
  • Describe/identify the role of enzymes in DNA replication (ch 12.3)
  • Describe/identify ways that replication can go wrong, the results (in general) and what the cell does to fix these errors (ch 12.3)
  • Compare/contrasts DNA structure and replication in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

(ch 12.3)

Ch 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis

Vocab:

  • RNAtranscription
  • translationprotein synthesis
  • ribosemRNA
  • tRNArRNA
  • RNA polymerasepromoter
  • termination signalcodon
  • anticodonuracil
  • deletionchromosome mutation
  • inversiontranslocation
  • nondisjunctionsubstitution
  • frameshift mutationpoint mutation
  • peptide bondpolypeptide
  • amino acidgene expression
  • mutationmutagen
  • insertionduplication

Learning Targets (Skills):

  • Describe/identify the parts of an RNA nucleotide (ch 13.1)
  • Compare and contrast the structure and functions of DNA and RNA (ch 13.1)
  • Given a strand of DNA, use base pairing rules to give the matching strand of RNA (ch 13.1)
  • Summarize the two processes that make proteins (ch 13.1 & 13.2)
  • Describe in detail the steps involved in protein synthesis. (ch 13.1 & 13.2)
  • Relate the location of those process to their cell organelles (ch 13.1 & 13.2)
  • Compare/contrast the structure/functions of different types of RNA (ch 13.1 & 13.2)
  • Given a DNA base sequence and a table of amino acids, supply the matching mRNA sequence and “decode” that for the amino proteins represented (ch 13.2)
  • Explain the process of gene expression from DNA to function in body (ch 13.2)
  • Explain/give examples of different kinds of mutations (ch 13.3)
  • Distinguish between a chromosome mutation and a point mutation (ch 13.3)