ΕΝΤΟΜΟLOGIA HELLENICA

Volume 17 (2007-2008)

KIOULOS E., G. KOLIOPOULOS, E. A. COULADOUROS A. MICHAELAKIS. Preliminary studies for the attract-and-kill strategy against Culex pipiens.

KONTODIMASD. C., G. J. STATHAS A. F. MARTINOU. The status of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Greece: A case of an exotic predator that failed to establish?

PERDIKISD., D. LYKOURESSIS, G. MITROPOULOU P. TSIANTIS. Temporal asynchrony, spatial segregation and seasonal abundance of aphids on apple trees.

STATHAS G. J. The scale insect Dynaspidiotus abietis (Schrank) on Abies cephalonica (Pinaceae).

LykouressisD., D. Perdikis A. Biba. Contribution to the ecological management of the seed chalcid Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in pistachio orchards.

VASSILIOU V. A.G. PAPADOULIS. First record of Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Cyprus.

STATHASG. J., E.D. KARTSONAS D. C. KONTODIMAS. New hosts for the pyriform scale Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Greece.

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Volume 16 (2005-2006)

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VOURLIOTI F. & P.G. MILONAS.Influence of female age of Trichogramma cacoeciae and host eggs age on its parasitic effectiveness.
Entomologia Hellenica 16 (2005-2006): 3-10.

Biological Control Lab., Department of Entomology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute Delta str. 145 61 Kifissia, Greece e-mail:

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of female age of Trichogramma cacoeciae (Marchal) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and egg age of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on parasitoid effectiveness. It was found that T. cacoecciae females parasitize more frequently 4 days old L. botrana eggs than younger ones. Furthermore, developmental time of their offspring retarded and percentage of viable eggs decreased when parasitoid larvae fed with older eggs. T. cacoecciae females that were 4 days old were more effective in parasitising L. botrana eggs. Rearing the parasitoids on Sitotroga cerealella eggs for one generation resulted in a decreased number of parasitised eggs of L. botrana than when reared on Ephestia kuehniella eggs. The implications of these results in selecting a candidate species for biological control are discussed.

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D.C. KONTODIMAS, P.G. MILONAS, V. VASSILIOU, N. THYMAKIS & D. ECONOMOU. The occurrence of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Greece and Cyprus and the risk against the native greek palm tree Phoenix theophrasti.
Entomologia Hellenica 16 (2005-2006): 11-15.

Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta, 14561, Kiffissia, Greece, , , Agricultural Research institute, P. O.Box 22016, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus, , Greek Palm Society, 7 Frynis, 146 71, Nea Erythraea, Greece, ,

The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleopiera: Curculionidae), is the most important pest of palm trees in the world. In the last decade R. ferrugineus has invaded the Mediterranean basin where it causes severe damage in date palm cultivations as well as in ornamental palm trees. R. ferrugineus has been found for first time in Greece in Hersonissos (Heraklion district, Crete) infesting Phoenix canariensis, on November 11th, 2005 and for first time in Cyprus in Limassol district on August 20th, 2006, infesting also P. canariensis. Afterwards, R. ferrugineus has been found in Rhodos island, Greece, on 15/9/2006 and in Oropos and Ellinikon (Attiki district, Greece) on 5/12/2006 and 27/12/2006 respectively, infesting mainly P. canariensis. In Cyprus it has also been found in October 2006 in Larnaca, Famagusta and Paphos districts. In laboratory experimentation the susceptibility of the native Greek palm tree Phoenix theophrasti in R. ferrugineus was proved.

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STATHAS G.J. & F. KOZAR. Chrysomphalus aonidum as pest of citrus in Greece.
Entomologia Hellenica 16 (2005-2006): 16-21.

Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, School of Agricultural Technology, Department of Crop Production, Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, 24100-Antikalamos, Greece, email: , Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Zoology, P.O. Box 102, Budapest, H-1525 Hungary, email:

The presence of the scale insect Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), (the Florida red scale) is recorded in Greece and some data on its morphology are given. The coccid was found on the ornamental plant Dracaena sp. in Athens in the year 2000 and its rearing on potato tubes (Solanum tuberosum) and Cucurbita maxima is possible in the insectary. In January 2007 C. aonidum was found on heavily infested Citruslimon and Citrus sinensis, as well as on the less infested ornamental bushes Ficus benjamina and Ligustrum japonicum in outdoor conditions in the city of Kalamata (Peloponnese-southern Greece). In the past the presence of C. aonidum was recorded in Greece, but it was considered an occasional pest of citrus due to its difficulty to become acclimatized.

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VAMVAKAS M., D.C. KONTODIMAS & P.G. MILONAS.First record of Monarthropalpus buxi in Greece and some data of its phenology.
Entomologia Hellenica 16 (2005-2006): 22-26.

Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta, 14561, Kiffissia, Greece, , ,

The gall inducing insect Monarthropalpus buxi (Laboulbene) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has been recorded in Greece on 20/4/2004 in Athens (Ellinikon, GPS point: N 370 54’ 22”, E 23° 44’ 34”) on Buxus roduntifolia. Two-20 larvae per infested leaf were noticed but only 2-3 adults per leaf emerged. The majority (>92%) of the population of M. buxi completed one generation per year and adults emerged from late April to early May. A small proportion (<8%) of the population completed two generations per year and I generation adults emerged from late January to late March. Second generation adults emerged from late June to late July. In addition, during 2006 parasitism by Torymus sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) on larvae of the fly has been noticed.

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SASHINDRAN NAIR K., .JULA S. NAIR & V.A. VIJAVAN.Changes in the total protein, carbohydtate and lipid contents in selected tissues of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. under the influence of a juvenoid R394.
Entomologia Hellenica 16 (2005-2006): 27-36.

Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Mysore-570008, Karnataka, India, Department of Studies in Zoology, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India,

A juvenoid. R394 (Ethyl 9-cyclohexyl-3,7-dimethyl-2,4-nonadienoate) was applied topically to 5th instar silkworm, Bombyx mori L. larvae (Hybrid: KA x NB4D2) at a dose of 0.039 nl/larva at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, for silk yield improvement. Three major selected tissues viz., posterior silk gland (PSG), haemolymph and fat body were collected from fully-grown larvae and the total protein, total carbohydrate and total lipid contents were estimated following standard procedures. The result indicated that the content of these primary metabolites varied significantly in the selected tissues depending on the time of juvenoid application. The highest protein content was observed in the haemolymph and silk gland in the larvae treated at 72 h whereas the fat body protein content was lowest for the same treatment. The total carbohydrate was recorded lowest in the 72 h treated larvae as against the highest in the control both in haemolymph and fat body with no significant change in PSG. The total lipid content did not show any notable variation in the concentration on juvenoid administration except in the silk gland treated up to 72 h which showed a decline. The results indicate that the juvenoid induces tissue-specific responses in terms of turnover in primary metabolites which commensurates with the corresponding changes observed in the cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight.

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PAPADOPOULOU C. SMARAGDI.Definition of timing in the control of the lst generation Lasioderma serricorne adults, inside tobacco stores, based on the development of the oocytes.
Entomologia Hellenica 16 (2005-2006): 37-43.

Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, School of Agricultural Technology, Laboratory of Entomology, 54101, email:

The development of the oocytes of pupae, females inside the pupal cell and after emergence of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) was studied by dissecting their abdomen. The time of oocytes maturation as well as that of the starting of their oviposition, in combination with the insect’s developmental threshold was determined, aiming to time the 1st effective control against the emerging adults of the 1st generation.

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VASSARMIDAKI MARIA, N. THYMAKIS & D.C. KONTODIMAS.First record in Greece of the palm tree pest Paysandisia archon.
Entomologia Hellenica 16 (2005-2006): 44-47

Heraklion Municipality, 1 Agiou Thou, 71202, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Greek Palm Society, 7 Frynis, Nea Erythraia, Greece, , Benaki Phvtopathological Institute, 8 St. Delia, 14561 Kifissia, Greece,

The presence of Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) was observed for first time in Greece from the first author on 13/9/2006 in Herakilon (Crete Island) infesting Washingtonia robusta, Trachycarpus fortunei and Chamaerops humilis. On the infested palm trees larvae and an empty pupariurn were found. The infestation was made obvious by the residues of the feeding activity as well from the feces of the larvae. In addition. P. archon was found from the second author on 27/12/2006 in Aghios Stefanos (Attica) on Trachycarpus fortunei. The species was identified according to Sarto I Monteys key. P. archon is an important pest of palm trees infesting many species, such as Butia yatay, Charnaerops humilis, Latania sp., Livistona chinensis, L. decipiemis, L. saribus, Phoenix canariensis, P. dactylifera, P. reclinata Sabal sp., Trachycarpus fortunei, Trithrirax campestris and Washingtonia spp. P. archon is originated from South America (Argentina. Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). In Europe it has been already found in France, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom.

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Volume 15 (2003-2004)

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KONTODIMAS, D.C., LYKOURESSIS, D.P, KARANDINOS, M.G., KATSOYANNOS, P., STATHAS, G.J., ELIOPOULOS, P.A. and ECONOMOU, L.P. The effect of temperature on the development of Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Nephus bisignatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), predators of Planococcus citri Risso(Homoptera: Pseudococcidae).
Entomologia Hellenica 15 (2003-2004): 3-18.

Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta, 14565, Kifissia, Greece, e-mail: ,Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855, Votanikos, Athens, Greece,National Agricultural Research Foundation, 19 Eghialias Halepa, 15125, Marousi, Greece,Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, 24100, Antikalamos, Greece.

The effect of temperature οη the development of the predators Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Ν. bisignatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was studied. The development time of immature stages and the pre-oviposition period of adult females for the two predators was recorded at eight constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C). The beetles were reared on eggs, nymphs and female adults of Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) that had developed on squash (Cucurbita pepo) and on sour orange leaves (CΊtrus aurantium). Using the linear model for the biological cycle of Ν. includens on squash and on sour orange leaves, the developmental zeros (lower temperature thresholds) were estimated to be 10.9 and 11.0°C respectively and the thermal constants, 490.5 and 472.8 day-degrees respectively. Using the Lactin model the lower thresholds were estimated to be 11.1 and 11.2°C respectively and the upper thresholds 36.1 and 36.0°C respectively. For the biological cycle of Ν. bisignatus, using the linear model, the lower thresholds were estimated to be 9.4°C on squash and 9.3°C on sour orange leaves and the thermal constants were 614.3 and 647.9 day-degrees respectively. Using the Lactin model the lower thresholds were estimated to be 9.9 and 1O.0°C respectively and the upper thresholds, 34.7 and 35.0°C respectively. The survival rate of Ν. includens instars at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C on squash and on sour orange leaves was respectively 0.0, 34.9, 63.2, 70.6, 63.3, 54.5, 19.8, 0.0, and 0.0, 32.2, 61.0, 68.0, 68.3, 56.6, 17.6, 0.0%. The survival rate of Ν. bisignatus instars at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5 and 35°C on squash and on sour orange leaves was respectively, 0.0, 39.9, 61.1, 60.7, 47.2, 26.4, 0.0 and 0.0, 35.7, 65.7, 68.0, 44.2, 29.1, 0.0%. The results show that Ν. includens has a shorter biological cycle than Ν. bisignatus, whereas the latter species has lower temperature thresholds.

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STATHAS G.J. Ecological data of Lepidosaphes gloverii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Greece.
Entomologia Hellenica 15 (2003-2004): 19-26.

Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, School of Agricultural Technology Department of Crop Production, Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology 24100 - ANTIKALAMOS, GREECE, e-mail:

In June 2001 the scale Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) was found on orange trees in Peloponnesus, Gastouni area, (Southwestern Greece). From the day it was first recorded until August 2003 observations on orange trees were held both in field and laboratory, concerning the biology and ecology ofthis scale. L.gloνerii infests mainly the upper surface of the leaves and the fruits and less the shoots of the tree. During the period April to August 2002 the scale completed 3 overlapping generations. Female fecundity ranged between 32 and 57 eggs. Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predators were found to feed upon this scale. In Ju1y 2002 a mass release of those predators took place on infested orange trees. To assess the action of these predators, observations were conducted in both field (by shaking the branches of the trees and counting the number of the predators) and laboratory (by counting the predated scales found on leaves). The release of predators contributed to the decrease of infestation density of trees. C.bipustulatus developed significantly higher populations than R. lophanthae.

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GOUNARI S. Seasonal development and ovipositing behavior of Marchalina hellenica (Hemiptera: Margarodidae).
Entomologia Hellenica 15 (2003-2004): 27-38.

Laboratory of Honeybee Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Research, NAGREF 25 Neapoleos, 15341, Athens, Greece e-mail:

Marchalina hellenica, Gennadius (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is the main honeydew producing insect ofpine trees ίη Greece. Its behavior during oviposition, the reproductive capacity, oviposition period, pre-hatching period, and life span ofthe οviposited female and other aspects ofits reproductive behavior in the field and in the laboratory, have been recorded in a three-year research. Μ.hellenicacompletes one generation per year. It is mainly parthenogenetic. The adult female appears onthe trees, looking for an oviposition site from late March to late April. Its oviposition period in the field lasts about 20 days, while the hatching period lasts about 30 days. Live females can be found onthe trees until the end ofMay, so there is a coexistence ofthree stages ofΜ. hellenica, adult, eggs and 151 stage nymphs, in the field for about onemonth. Μ. hellenicais able to oviposit in the laboratory in room conditions. Its ovipositing period is as long as 16 days, while the total number ofeggs laid is on average 262. Body weight was significantly correlated with the total number ofeggs laid.

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LIAROPOULOS K., ZERVAS G., MAVRAGANIS V., BROUMAS T., TSIROPOULOS G. and TSIROGIANNIS V. Comparative field studies of various traps and attractants for the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fall.
Entomologia Hellenica 15 (2003-2004): 39-52.

N.AG.RE.F., Lykovrisi, Athens, Greece, N.R.C. 'Demokritos', Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece, Benaki Phytopathologicallnstitute, KifΊssia, Athens, Greece

To clarify questions regarding the effectiveness of the many different types of traps and semiochemicals used for the monitoring and the control of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Τephrititae), seven trap types, four food attractants, one sex attractant and a combination of food and sex attractant, were evaluated under field conditions in orange orchards in fall. No major differences were observed between trap designs resembling the original McPhail glass trap. The plastic bottle trap of 1,5L volume, with four side openings for one-way fly entrance, proved very efficient when filled with a proteinaceous food attractant Ζ1. From the attractants, two of them, Ζ1 and Entomela showed the best performance. The combination of food and a sex attractant showed no significant synergistic effects on trap efficiency. The findings allow a better choice among trap types and attractants, available today in the market, for Medflymonitoring and control.

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STAVRIDIS D.G., IPSILANTIS C.G., KATARACHIAS P.C., MILONAS P.G., IFOULIS A.A. and SAVOPOULOU-SOULTANI M. Determination of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval instars and age based on head capsule width and larval weight.
Entomologia Hellenica 15 (2003-2004): 53-61.

Aristotle University of Thessαloniki, Fαculty οf Agriculture, Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Pαrαsitology, 54124 Thessαloniki, Greece E-mail:

Larνae of Helicoverpaarmigera(Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)were reared in laboratory conditions (26°C, 16:8 L:D) and measurements of larval head capsule width, and body weight, were used in order to determine the boundaries of larval instars. Larvae of Η. armigeracompleted developmentin 5 to 7 instars. Head capsule width could predict the larvalinstar only for Ll. The upper boundary of head width for L1 was 0.4mm. Body weight could predict both L1 and L2 larval instars. Boundaries between L1-L2 instars were found to be 1 mg and for L2-L3 5,5 mg. Correlation and regression analysis suggest that a combination of head capsule width and body weight can predict both larval instars and chronological age under constant conditions in the laboratory.

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KONTODIMAS, D.C. and KAVALLIERATOS, N.G. First phenological data of the rose pest Homalorhynchites hungaricus (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae) in Greece.
Entomologia Hellenica 15 (2003-2004): 62-63.

Benαki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St.Delta, 14561Kίfissia, Atticα, Greece, email:

The rose curculio Homalorhynchites hungaricus (Herbst, 1783) (=Rhynchites hungaricus,=Mechoris ungaricus, =Mecorhis ungaricus) (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae) has been recorded in Greece (Attica, May 2004) infesting blooms of ornamental roses [Rosa sp. (Rosaceae)]. This pest has also been recorded in Bulgaria and in Turkey causing serious damages on oil-bearing roses (Rosa damascena Mil1. var. kazanlika and Rosa damascena Mill. var. tringipetala respectively). In Turkey the subspecies Η. hungaricus (Herbst) subsp. marginicollis Schilskly seems to be more important.Homalorhynchites hungaricus completes one generation per year in Attica, The first adults of the beetle appear late April and infest the rose blooms feeding on them. The flight of Η. hungaricus adults lasts until the end of June. The female beetles bear often more than one hole in the young blooms and lay one egg in each hole. The development of the larvae takes place inside the calyx and lasts 30 - 42 days. The pupation of Η. hungaricus takes place in the ground, where the insect overwinters. The adults appear from late April to early May of the next year.

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Volume 14 (2001-2002)

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Ν. Ε. RODITAKIS, D. KOLLAROS and Α. LEGAKIS. Entomopathogens of Anαcridium αegyptium L. in Crete.
Entomologia Hellenica 14 (2001-2002): 5-10.

NAGREF-Plant Protection Inst. Heraction Crete, 71003 Katsabas, Heraclion, and Depart.of Biology, Univ. of Crete

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. was recorded for the first time on Anacridium aegyptium L.in Crete. The insects were fed on pieces of leaf subjected to a serial dilution of spores over three to four orders of magnitute. Comparative studies on the virulence of B. bassiana (I 91612local isolate) and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (IMI 330189standard isolate of IIBC) showed that M. anisopliae var. acridum was more virulent than B. bassiana at a conidial concentration lower or equal to 106 per ml while they were similarly virulent on first stage nymphs at 107 conidia per ml.

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Ρ. Ν. DELIGEORGIDIS. Records ofThysanoptera Species in Greece.
Entomologia Hellenica 14 (2001-2002): 11-18.