Residential Construction I

Final Examination Review Sheet

  • One of the largest industries in the United States is construction.
  • An example of light construction would be home building.
  • Some home building today is done with pre-fabricated components.
  • Three career levels that require special training and education areprofessional, technical and craft
  • A carpenter is a craft worker in unions.
  • One who is entering construction by combining on-the-job training

with basic instruction is called an apprentice

  • At key points during construction, a building inspector

will visit the job site to examine the work.

Detail drawings - Shows specific details of a home

Plot plan - Outline of a lot

Site plan - Location of a building on a site

Foundation - Shows exact size of foundations and their location

Shop sketch - Simple drawing

Bill of materials - Written description of all materials

Sectional views - Cross section view of a home

Specifications - Table of information on needs for building a project

Elevations - Shows exterior view of a house

Framing plan - Shows structural members of a home

  • An exact copy of a drawing is called a print
  • The building industry makes use of prints called blueprints.
  • Scale represents the ratio between the size of an object as drawn and its full size.
  • Scale is not unit of measurement.
  • Modular concrete blocks are usually 7- 5/8” high and 15-5/8” long.
  • A series of building materials installed one layer over the other is called acourse
  • The height of a basement wall made of concrete block is about 7’-4” as measured from the joists to the basement floor.
  • The number of blocks customarily needed upward to build a concrete block wall for a basement is 11
  • The mortar joints in concrete blocks should measure about 3/8” in width
  • A concrete block wall may be reinforced by a column of blocks called a pilaster
  • The corner block should be the first block laid
  • Proper alignment of the first course is critical to ensure alignment for the succeeding courses.
  • A larger mortar bedding area is provided by laying the blocks with the smaller holes up.
  • To make sure the blocks are laid in an even line, check each block with

a level or a straight edge.

  • Use a story pole or course pole to make sure the top of each block is 8” above the previous one.
  • Tooling should be done when the mortar is thumbprint hard.
  • Wood frame construction is found in most homes on this continent.
  • The construction method most commonly found in one-story houses is platform frame construction.
  • Platform and balloon are two types of conventionalframing.

Joists-Rest on top of girders

Posts-Pieces of wood or steel which support the girders

Sills- Anchored to the foundation wall for fastening and supporting the joists

Girders-Large beams which support floor joists

Subflooring-Wood laid over floor joists

A Joist

B Sill Plate

CFoundation

DFooting

E Girder

F Post

GFooting

  • Sills should be attached to the foundation wall with ½” bolts
  • Joists are usually place 16 inches on center
  • The header joist (rim joist) should be aligned with the outside edge of the sill plate
  • Subflooring is laid directly over the floor joists
  • Bridging can be made of wood or metal.
  • Plywood makes an excellent subflooring.
  • Wall–framing members are called studs.
  • The allowance made for framing in doors and windows is called a rough opening
  • Corner posts should consist of more than one stud.

Top Plate -Connecting link between wall and roof

Trimmer studs -Support the header over an opening

Sole Plate -Laid horizontally to carry bottom ends of studs

Header -Horizontal member installed over an opening

Studs -Slender wood members placed vertically

Corner Posts -Forms both inside and outside corners

A- Studs

B- Top Plate

C- Header

D-Cripple Studs

E- Sill Plate

F- Sole Plate

  • The inner layer of the outside wall is called sheathing.
  • Siding is NOT structural element of the wall
  • Sheathing is NOT part of the wall framing.
  • Common kinds of structural sheathing areSolid wood planks, OSB, Plywood, Gypsum
  • Plywood sheathing may be applied horizontally or vertically
  • OSB stands for ORIENTED STRAND BOARD
  • The parallel beams that support ceiling loads are called joists
  • Spacing for ceiling joists should be 16” O.C. or 24” O.C..
  • When joining ceiling joists over the partition plate, a plywood or metal joist splice may be nailed to both sides of the joists.
  • Ceiling joists can serve as floor joists for an attic.

A. Gable Roof with Dormer G. Hip Roof with Valley

B. Hip Roof H. Shed Roof

C. Gable Roof I.Mansard Roof

D. Gambrel Roof

E. Gable Roof with Valley

F. Dutch Hip Roof

A. B. C.

D.

E. F.

G. H. I.

  • A horizontal member that connects the upper ends of the rafter is called a ridge board
  • The overhang part of the rafter is called the tail
  • Another name for the incline of a roof is the slope
  • Two types of roof framing are trussed and conventional.
  • The theoretical length and actual length of a rafter are NOT the same.

Pitch -The steepness of a roof

Span -Distance between the outside edge of the double top plates

Unit of run -Equal to 1’ or 12”

Cut of a roof -The rise in inches and the unit of run

Rise- An imaginary line that runs lengthwisefrom the outside wall to the ridge

Unit rise - Number of inches the roof rises per foot of run

Run - One half the distance of span

Measuring line - Vertical distance from the top of the double plate to the upper end of the measuring line

Jack -Never extend full distance from the ridge board

Common -Extends from the plate to the ridge at90 degrees to both

Hip -Extend diagonally from the cornersformed by the plate to the ridgeboard

Valley -Extend diagonally from the plates to the ridge board along lines wheretwo roofs intersect

A. Hip rafters

B. Common rafters

C.Plate

D. Ridgeboard

E. Valley rafters

F. Valley jack rafters

G. Tails

H. Hip jack rafters

  • A jack rafter is a shortened common rafter.
  • A valley jack rafter is a type of jack rafter.
  • A hip jack rafter is a type of jack rafter.
  • There IS ONLY ONE type of cripple jack rafters
  • The bird’s mouth and overhang of a jack rafter are laid out the same as on a common rafter.
  • Valley jacks are toe nailed to valley rafters with 10d nails using three for each jackA gambrel roof minimizes the roof area exposed to snow loads
  • A shed roof is essentially 1/2 of a gable roof
  • A chimney saddle must be fabricated on the roof
  • It is possible to estimate the number of rafters needed on a home
  • A trussed rafter is the same as a simple truss.
  • Trusses usually come to the building site preassembled.
  • When using trusses, bearing walls are not needed to support the load.
  • Gusset plates can be made of metal or wood
  • A truss may be put into place immediately after assembly
  • When building a truss, don’t forget to provide a slight curvature called a camber
  • The best method of fastening a truss to a wall plate is by toe nailing

A. W-type

B. King post

C. Scissors

  • Roof sheathing is considered a structural part of a building.
  • The softwoods are the wood species used for roof sheathing boards
  • Board roof sheathing is always laid horizontally
  • Boards should be laid in such a way that they bear on at least two rafters
  • Plywood sheathing is very durable
  • One advantage of plywood sheathing is the minimal time it takes to install.
  • Face grain of plywood sheathing should run in the opposite direction as the rafters.
  • Wood fiber decking is very inexpensive
  • Roof decking made of wood fiber combines the advantages of strength and insulation.
  • Commercial grade decking is the best choice when appearance is unimportant.