File: 013 Chapter 13 Architecture
Multiple Choice
[QUESTION]
1. Using a steel framework with masonry sheathing, the ______, designed by Louis Sullivan, is thought by many to be the first genuinely modern building.
a. Wainwright Building
b. Eiffel Tower
c. Crystal Palace
d. Lever House
e. Chrysler Building
Ans: a
[QUESTION]
2. Two factors that decide the success of any structural system are
a. weight and tensile strength.
b. the placement of its dome and its pendentives.
c. the linear ratio of foundation to wall and wall to roof.
d. tension and compression of each buttresses.
e. None of the answers are correct.
Ans: a
[QUESTION]
3. Stacking and piling is another term for
a. post-and-lintel.
b. arch and vault.
c. load-bearing construction.
d. mending of stone fences.
e. None of the answers are correct.
Ans: c
[QUESTION]
4. Langston Hughes Library was designed by
a. Le Corbusier.
b. I. M. Pei.
c. Frank Gehry.
d. Maya Lin.
e. Frank Lloyd Wright.
Ans: d
[QUESTION]
5. The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles are known as the
a. International style.
b. shell system.
c. hypostyle.
d. Gothic architecture.
e. Greek orders.
Ans: e
[QUESTION]
6. The Byodo-in Temple, in Kyoto, Japan is an elegant example of
a. International Style.
b. postmodern architecture.
c. Neoclassical Style.
d. Gothic architecture.
e. post-and-lintel architecture.
Ans: e
[QUESTION]
7. The ability of a material to span horizontal distances with a minimum of support is called
a. vaulting.
b. tensile strength.
c. tension.
d. buttressing.
e. compression.
Ans: b
[QUESTION]
8. Built almost 2000 years ago, the ______is an enduring testament to the Roman use of the arch.
a. Pont du Gard at Nimes
b. Hagia Sophia
c. Reims Cathedral
d. Acropolis in Athens
e. None of the answers are correct.
Ans: a
[QUESTION]
9. Built for the World’s Fair in 1889, the ______was an early experiment in iron construction.
a. Wainwright Building
b. Crystal Palace
c. Eiffel Tower
d. Lever House
e. Chrysler Building
Ans: c
[QUESTION]
10. ______is most famous for his design of the geodesic dome.
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. Anthemius of Tralles
c. Joseph Paxton
d. Louis Sullivan
e. Buckminster Fuller
Ans: e
[QUESTION]
11. The International Style emphasizes
a. clean lines.
b. geometric form.
c. avoidance of superficial decoration.
d. All of the answers are correct.
e. None of the answers are correct.
Ans: d
[QUESTION]
12. The following is not true about art museum architecture.
a. John Russell Pope’s neoclassical National Gallery harmonizes with the other buildings on the Washington, D.C. mall.
b. Zaha Hadid’s Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art has two highly contrasting facades.
c. Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum Bilbao has been compared to a boat, fish, and flower.
d. John Russell Pope’s National Gallery was initially praised for its innovative style.
e. Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum Bilbao design required an aerospace-design computer program
Ans: d
[QUESTION]
13. Fallingwater (the Kaufmann House in Bear Run, Pennsylvania) is a prime example of the “organic” architecture of
a. Frank Lloyd Wright.
b. Le Corbusier.
c. Frank Gehry.
d. I. M. Pei.
e. John Russell Pope.
Ans: a
[QUESTION]
14. A ______is a horizontal form supported at only one end.
a. cornice
b. keystone
c. pendentive
d. flying buttress
e. cantilever
Ans: e
[QUESTION]
15. ______rotated 360 degrees on its axis is called a dome.
a. A pier
b. An arch
c. A capital
d. A portico
e. A vault
Ans: b
[QUESTION]
16. When a large hall is built using post-and-lintel construction methods, the resulting “virtual forest of columns” is called a
a. nave.
b. barrel vault.
c. hypostyle hall.
d. groin vault.
e. portico.
Ans: c
[QUESTION]
17. The two basic families of structural systems in architecture are
a. the Postmodern and Classical.
b. the pier and cantilever.
c. the shell and the skeleton-and-skin.
d. the Romanesque and the Greek.
e. the Modern and Postmodern
Ans: c
[QUESTION]
18. The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles of columns were developed by the Ancient Greeks in the ______centuries B.C.E. respectively.
a. 10th, 9th, and 8th
b. 7th, 6th, and 4th
c. 3rd, 2nd, and 1st
d. 5th, 2nd, and 1st
e. 5th, 3rd, and 1st
Ans: b
[QUESTION]
19. According to the author, a ______is actually an arch extended in depth, as if there are “many arches placed flush one behind the other.”
a. buttress
b. pediment
c. volute
d. barrel vault
e. pier.
Ans: d
[QUESTION]
20. Builders of Gothic cathedrals reinforced the walls of their architecture from the outside with
a. piers.
b. Corinthian columns.
c. flying buttresses.
d. groin vaults.
e. both piers and flying buttresses.
Ans: e
Essay
[QUESTION]
1. Outline the main goals of Green Architecture, describing how an architect or group of architects achieved each of those goals in a specific structure. Discuss the advantages and difficulties of Green Architecture in terms of meeting environmentalist objectives and the needs of those who will be living and/or working within them.
Ans: Answers will vary.
[QUESTION]
2. Discuss the major tenets of Frank Lloyd Wright’s theories of domestic architecture, identifying aspects of specific structures that illustrate his success in realizing these tenets in homes he designed.
Ans: Answers will vary.
[QUESTION]
3. Evaluate Buckminster Fuller’s impact on architectural design and philosophy.
Ans: Answers will vary.
[QUESTION]
4. Define and/or describe the appearances, materials, techniques, and reasons for the development of five of the structural systems of architecture, with reference to specific structures that are models of each system you discuss.
Ans: Answers will vary.
[QUESTION]
5. Identify and describe the impact of one architect of the 20th and/or 21st century whom you consider a major technical, artistic, or philosophical innovator. Discuss at least one structure designed by this architect as an example of his/her innovations.
Ans: Answers will vary.
Reference: Note
Instructor’s Note: All images referenced are included in this chapter of the text.
[QUESTION]
1. (Images: Taj Mahal and the Pantheon)
Both of these buildings feature dome construction. Identify the buildings and discuss the differences in appearance and different styles of dome.
Ans: Answers will vary.
Refer to: Note
[QUESTION]
2. (Image: Pont du Gard)
Identify the structure shown in this image; then describe the structural system and materials that made this structure possible. Also identify the purposes of the structure, the era, and the culture associated with this work.
Ans: Answers will vary.
Refer to: Note
[QUESTION]
3. (Image: Kallikrates, Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens)
Discuss the structural system that is used in this building in relation to the purpose of the building and the decorative aspects of the structure’s surface. What are the advantages and limitations of this structural system?
Ans: Answers will vary.
Refer to: Note
[QUESTION]
4. Identify the architect and the purpose of this structure. Then discuss the ways this structure has visually evolved from its original appearance and the reasons for this change.
Ans: Answers will vary.
Refer to: Note
[QUESTION]
5. Identify the architects who designed each structure and the ways that purpose, location, and the architect’s understanding of modernism influenced the appearance and design of each structure.
Ans: Answers will vary.
Refer to: Note