Figure S1. Phylogenetic Tree for the Nineteen Bird Species Included in This Study and Their

Appendix

Figure S1. Phylogenetic tree for the nineteen bird species included in this study and their flight distance category.

Figure S2.The period over which wing moult data was recorded for each species.The boxplots display the minimum, 1stand 3rdquartiles, median and maximum values of each species.

Table S1. Species categorization according to three flight distance classes: A: 1 - 25 m, B: 25 - 200 m, and C: 200 m, by fifteen experienced birdwatchers (depicted by their initials). Total counts for each flight class are given at the bottom, with total of the selected category in bold.

Species
Birdwatchers / Hirundorustica / Hirundofuligula / Ammomanesdeserti / Pycnonotusxanthopygos / Turdusmerula / Prinia gracilis / Cettiacetti / Acrocephalusstentoreus / Sylvia melanocephala / Nectariniaosea / Laniusexcubitor / Sittaneumayer / Passer domesticus / Passer moabiticus / Serinussyriacus / Cardueliscarduelis / Cardueliscannabina / Emberizastriolata / Emberizacia
BAM / C / C / A / B / B / A / A / A / A / A / B / B / A / B / B / B / B / B / B
DAA / C / C / B / B / B / A / A / A / A / B / B / B / B / C / C / C / C / C / B
DOA / C / B / A / A / B / A / A / A / A / A / B / B / A / A / B / A / B / B / A
ERO / C / C / A / A / B / A / A / A / B / A / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / A
GAD / C / C / B / A / A / A / A / A / A / B / B / B / B / B / A / B / B / A / B
GME / C / C / B / A / B / A / A / A / A / A / B / B / A / B / B / B / B / C / B
KYO / C / C / A / B / B / A / A / A / A / A / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / B
LYA / C / C / B / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / B / A / B / B / C / C / C / B / B
LYO / C / C / B / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / B / A / B / B / B / B / B / B / B
PGI / C / C / B / A / B / A / A / A / A / A / B / A / A / B / B / B / B / B / A
PYO / C / C / B / B / B / A / A / A / A / A / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / B
RAV / C / C / B / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / B / A / A / A / B / B / B / B
SEY / C / C / B / B / B / A / A / A / B / B / C / A / B / C / C / C / C / B / B
SIT / B / B / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / A / B / A
SNI / C / C / A / B / B / A / A / A / A / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / B / B
Total scores by classes
A / 0 / 0 / 6 / 9 / 5 / 15 / 15 / 15 / 13 / 11 / 2 / 5 / 6 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 4
B / 1 / 2 / 9 / 6 / 10 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 4 / 12 / 10 / 9 / 10 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 11
C / 14 / 13 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 0

Table S2. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between the six morphological traits examined in the study of songbird moult speed (residual raggedness value (RRV)), and Spearman correlation coefficients(rs) between bird flight distance and the six morphological traits (n = 19 bird species).

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Flight distance / Aspect ratio / Wing span / Tip of wing / Wing area / Wing loading / Body mass
Flight distance / - / 0.715*** / 0.455 / 0.814*** / 0.258 / 0.132 / 0.249
Aspect ratio / - / - / 0.506* / 0.853*** / 0.094 / -0.178 / -0.042
Wing span / - / - / - / 0.382 / 0.900*** / 0.477* / 0.760***
Tip of wing / - / - / - / - / -0.006 / -0.072 / -0.070
Wing area / - / - / - / - / - / 0.645** / 0.921***
Wing loading / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0.861***