10th GRADE WORLDHISTORY

FALL SEMESTER SAFMED TERMS

POLITICAL TERMS

1. social of or relating to the way people live together

relations of human beings in a community

2. political

  • the activities of government concerning the political relations between countries
  • the study of government
  • relating to the government of a nation or another

3. economic the system of use of resources, management of wealth, trade and commerce

4. geo politics

  • the study of the relationship between politics and geography
  • the study of the relationship between population and economics
  • how nations relate to and interact with each other

5. gross domestic product

  • the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation within a space of time( usually a year )
  • shows how a nation’s economy is performing

6. theocracya form of government which is based on religious ideas or lead by religious leaders

7. dictatorship a form of government which is ruled by a dictator who has absolute power and absolute authority.

IRANIAN REVOLUTION

8. Islamic fundamentalismreligious movement that seeks a return to Islamic values and Islamic law

a belief that modern ideas from the West are corrupt and against Islam

9. Shah king of Iran until the Revolution of 1979

introduced western ideas and ruled as a dictator

10. Ayatollah Khomeini Islamic leader after the Revolution of 1979

made Iran a theocracy

ABSOLUTISM

11. divine right of kings theory that kings/queens are chosen by God to rule

kings/queens have complete power to rule because they are chosen by God

12. absolute monarchy belief in king or queen having total power. Best example: Louis XIV – “I am the state ”

13. mercantilism economic system based on the idea of accumulating colonies, gold and silver and setting taxes on colonies.

ENGLISH DEMOCRACY

14. civil war a war within a nation where different groups or parties are fighting for political control.

15. Bill of Rights written in uaranteed rights that limited the power of monarchy in England

16. Glorious Revolution peaceful revolution 1689 that established the power of Parliament in England

17. limited monarchy belief in a king or queen that shares power and guarantees basic rights

ENLIGHTENMENT

18. Enlightenment

  • extension of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution
  • stressed reason and thinking
  • ideals: all men created equal, democracy, tolerance, power of the king is derived (comes from) the

consent ( permission) of the governed ( people)

  • influenced French and Latin American Revolutions.

19. heliocentric view of universe scientific idea developed during Scientific Revolution of a sun centered universe

developed by Copernicus and Galileo

20. John Locke believed Men are born with natural rights

agreement or contract with the government to protect life, liberty and property

21. Montesquieu philosophe who created the idea of separation of powers

there should be an executive, legislative and judicial branch to make sure one does not become tyrannical

( overpowering)

22. Voltaire philosophe who wrote about religious freedom and freedom of speech

FRENCH REVOLUTION

23. Estates General meeting called by King Louis XVI May 1789 to solve the financial crisis in France

24. Storming of the Bastille – people of Paris revolted against King Louis XVI to end absolute monarchy

25. liberty , fraternity, equality slogan of the French Revolution 1789 to change society to an equal and democratic one

26. Reign of Terror

  • radical phase of the French Revolution.
  • nobility and dissenters were killed by guillotine
  • very violent

27. Robespierre radical leader of the French government during the Reign of Terror

called for the death of King Louis XVI

28. Napoleon military leader who was a hero to France

he provided stability and order after revolution

he encouraged nationalism

29. defeat of Napoleon caused by Russia’s climate ( severe winter ) and the size of Russia

REVOLUTIONS, CAPITALISM AND COMMUNISM

30. Congress of Vienna goal to restore the Balance of Power.

Undo the damage caused by Napoleon and the French Revolution.

Restore absolute monarchy as much as possible.

stop nationalism in Poland, German states and Italy

31. social classes in Latin America class determined bybirth and race

peninsulares – large land owners

creoles

mestizos / mulattoes

slaves / Native Americans

32. Simon Bolivar – Venezuelan creole

led armies against Spain in northern South America

known as ‘ Liberator “

33. Toussaint L’ouverture – born a slave on French island of Saint Domingue

led slaves ina rebellion against France

gained independence for Haiti

34. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? Inventions in agriculture improved farming

changes in textile production from Cottage Industry to factories

an abundance of natural resources. Ex. coal, iron, tin

35. urbanization people migrated to cities to find jobs in factories during the Industrial Revolution

36. laissez faire capitalism ‘ free market the government should not interfere with business

each individual makes decisions about the economy

free enterprise

supply and demand

37. Karl Marx ‘father’ of communism

believed the Industrial Revolution exploited ( used unfairly ) the workers

believed the rich exploited the poor

believed the workers – proletariat would unite and overthrow the factory and business owners – bourgeoisie

NATIONALISM

38. nationalism – devotion or love of one’s country

39. Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi,King Victor Emmanuel heart, mind, soul and head of Italian unification

40. Otto von Bismarck the ‘iron chancellor’

leader of German Unification

used ‘ blood and iron’ – war and industrialization to unify Germany

41. Austria- Hungary large empire that was made up of many ethnic groups

more Slavs than Germans

gave Hungarians equal power in 1867

nationalism tore it apart

IMPERIALISM

42. imperialism when a more powerful nation dominates a weaker nation

43. economic causes for imperialism the Industrial Revolution created a demand for raw materials and market places

to sell goods.

44. White Man’s Burden justification for imperialism

belief that whites should take over colonies to Christianize and civilize the non white world

a form of racism

45. Social Darwinism idea of survival of the fittest from the theory of evolution

justification for imperialism

belief that it is fine for stronger nations to take over weaker nations.

a form of racism

46. Africa’s geography Africa has diverse geography

there area a lot of different physical features, mountains, rain forest, and desert

impact; the geography made it hard for Europeans to take it over at first.

Lack of unity

47. Scramble for Africa European countries fought over taking colonies in Africa

it caused conflict

48. Berlin Conference European nations met and divided Africa among themselves

no Africans at this conference

49. Admiral Matthew Perry went to Japan to open it to trade with the U.S. in 1854

led to the modernization of Japan

50. Meiji Restoration Japan modernized and westernized in order to avoid becoming a victim of imperialism

51. Opium War Britain defeated China because of its superiority in industry and weapons

Hong Kong became a British colony

China was divided into spheres of influence by European nations and Japan

52. Boxer Rebellion/ Taiping Rebellion two rebellions in China in early 1900s that both failed to remove foreigners from China

WW I

53. Long Terms Causes of WWI - Militarism Alliance system Imperialism Nationalism

54. Immediate Cause of WWI – Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist

55. Blank Check – Germany gave full support to Austria-Hungary as its ally

56. mobilization – movement of armies to prepare for war

Russia mobilized its troops against Germany

57. Why did the U.S. get involved in WWI ?

  • sinking of the Lusitania ship
  • unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany
  • Zimmerman Telegram/Note

58. Why did Russia leave WWI ? –

Russia experienced a revolution in 1917 followed by the Communist Revolution just a few months later led by Lenin

59. Allies - Britain, France, Russia, US, Italy and Japan during WW I

60. Central Powers – allied countries of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria during WW I

61. Treaty of Versailles

  • treaty that ended WWI
  • it punished Germany. Examples : Germany lost all colonies, Germany had to accept all war guilt, Germany had to pay reparations
  • resentment of the treaty led to WW II