CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
Purpose of this project is to examine the factors that lead to losing interest in sports among students at KK2 in UMP.
1.1 Background
Sports is commonly defined as an organized, competitive and skillful physical activity requiring commitment and fair play. It is governed by a set of rules or customs. People get involved in sports because of many reasons. Either they want to relieve stress, to get fit, to make their friendship more strong or as their career. Whatever the reason stated to be active in sports, the sports is certainly give lots of positive benefits and advantages to those involved in it. Sports does not refer only to an act, but the sports has a very extensive branch. For example, for those who like adventure activities, sports like mounting climbing, mountain bike and canoe is an example of suitable sports for them. Besides that, for the love of field activity, they can be involved in football, hockey or rugby. For sure, sports has a very wide scope to describe.
In our study, we found that sports is very close with university. This is because lots of athletes who polished their talent while representing the country at university level. In addition, sports can also form the students into a more perfect human being, willing to challenges and wise to lead this country someday. For this reason, the government and the universities in this country have actively organized various activities and sports competitions for students. They dont want our university student just read the book and the most importantly prevent them from any immoral activities. Although various efforts have been made, but there are still students who do not want to be involved with any sports activity even for leisure or healthy body. This situation has lost interest in the sports in all the universities throughout the country and this is very worrying scenario. In UMP itself, many students losing their interest in sports. Many of them only go to class and back home then sleep, play computer games or hanging out with a cigarette in mouth. For this reason, we as C24 Larojas group will found out why this scenario happen among UMP student at KK2.
1.2 Research Objective
The research objectives of this study are:
1. To investigate the satisfaction level of student about the sports facilities at KK2 in UMP.
2. To analyze how much the university is involved in sports development.
3. To find out why student have losing interest in sports.
1.3 Research question
The research questions of this study are:
1. What is the satisfaction level of student about facilities at KK2?
2. What the contribution and encouragements university in sports development?
3. What are the factor of this situation and scenario?
1.4 Definition of terms
This is the definition of terms that we used:
1. KK2- Kolej Kediaman 2
2. UMP – Universiti Malayia Pahang
3. C24 Larojas – The group of name that accomplish this project.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction
In this chapter, we came out with three ideas of literature review that this literature review may help ours in order to find the answer for ours research question. This literature review divided into three main part, it is about sports facilities, contribution university in sports development and the factor or the causes losing interest in sports.
2.1 Sports facilities
In sports facilities section, we came out with four aspects. It includes the condition of sports facilities, total of sports facilities, services provided by sports facilities and distance of the sports facilities.
2.1.1 Condition of sports facilities
According to our studies that we have done, it is not enough if only have sports facilities to attract students to participate actively in sports activity. Facility in the poor condition is not useful at all. Student will not participate in sports activity if the facilities does not meet their needs or enough to give comfort to them while make sports activity. This statement supported by Gallardo et al (2009), construction of sports facilities without current and complete facilities will not help in order to attract student actively involved in sports. For more advanced, all sports facilities must be complete with the digitalization and intellectualization aspects. So that, the sports facilities can be use smoothly and operate with the correct way (Ho & Fu, 2008).
2.1.2 Total of sports facilities
Another factor that makes student feels bad about their sports facilities is a total of sports facilities that has around them. “It has recently been pointed out that there is a relationship between the number of venues for physical exercise and the probability of meeting the recommendations for physical activity (as cited in Gallardo et al 2009). Besides that, in other studies in Australia, the number of sports and facilities provided are key factors that contribute to actively in sports by Stahl et al 2001, (as cited in Gallardo et al 2009).
2.1.3 Services provided by facilities
The university should be aware that they should not be charging any fees to students who want to use the sports facilities. If the university due any charge for students, this will be trigger for symptoms of losing interest in sports among the students. As pointed by Panter e al (2008), all the facilities or sports center that charge or less option to paying the fees only make people on lower income less affordable to use their sports facilities. Which are only the rich people can use all the facilities even though sports is regardless of rank, age and gender.
2.1.4 Distance of the sports facilities
Another factor that can consider of causes of student satisfaction about sports facilities is the distance the sports facilities from their house or place. According to Stahl et al 2001, (as cited in Gallardo et al 2009), “if the sports facilities are hard to access and far from our home or place, it make people losing interest to fulfill their leisure with sports activity”. To do sports activity, students did not like to walk far away only to use the sports facilities at sports center and its supported by the previous point that we already noticed.
2.2 Sports development
Sports development is most related with losing interest among the student. In sports development, we divide into three main sections that should be of concern including the development, management and systems.
2.2.1 Development of sports
According to what we have studied and done, the most important development of the sports because of the ease of work to improve the status and level of each university sports. Then, to improve the effectiveness of this development should to integrate social issues at the local level (Swart et al. 2009). Sports development is about participation and promoting the opportunities and benefits of participation. Participation in sports and physical activity spans a wide range of context. This development is also the university could use a system that allows player pathways introduce to ensure athlete development (Shilbury et al. 2008).
2.2.2 Management of sports
In the meantime, a number of factors that cause students to lose interest in sports are not as a result of factors that do not satisfy the sports facilities but also due to the management of the university itself to encourage more students in sports. Efficient management can help increase the level of sports at a higher level with systematic management of various aspects of sports equipment and facilities to its own production equipment.
2.2.3 System in sports
In the development of each sports requires a system to facilities each game is running smoothly and easily to students and university to interact in a process. However, the services provided by the sports facilities must be equipped with computer and communications technology to facilitate the management to deal with student using the system provided. The effect of different ideological difference in the system can give a better impact to enhance the effectiveness of each systems, it also helps the university to attract students interest in sports (Shilbury et al. 2008).
2.3 Factor and causes that losing interest in sports
In our study, we find out that there are several causes and affect that can contribute to influence interest and causes that can be factor for losing interest among student. These factors are friend or parents, equipment or environment and how injury can affect their interest.
2.3.1 Family, friends, instructor
According to Harwood & Swain, (2001) , stated that the best friend also a factor that can be factor to attract more people to join the sports, through sports they can built strong bond and connection between one another and it can create more excitement when more people involve in the sports activity, this point also support by ( A.G. Papaioannou et al 2002) , stated that the biggest factor can influence teenager to take part in sports is parents, parent is the most or the biggest influence when they take part in sports activity. People or teenager tend to get the satisfaction level if they involve in a game that involve more person or by group according to Duda and Nicholls (1992) and Papaioannou et al. (2002).
2.3.2 The environment
Based on another journal that we studied, written by (Swan et al, 2007), injury during sports activity can happen anywhere, not only on ground hardness that can cause possible injury but, other factor also can be count as the potential or risk to teenager to face injury when then involve in physical activity, this is one factor can make teenager feel not save when they want to play sports. Factor such as, uneven ground, type of soil and turf, site of coverage and type ,these are factor that can cause injury among teenager and their interest will be vanish. From this statement we can assume that facilities is important in order to attract more people especially teenager in sports activity, people will more take a lot more attention regarding this matter .
2.3.3 Injury During Sports Participation
Another factor that can make student losing interest in sports is injury. As pointed out by by (Swan et al. 2001), injury is a common thing happen in sports and will occur to people who involve in sports and this is the worst chapter in athlete life . From the same article agree that the facility can affect the interest rates of the community to be involved in sports activity, safety of facilities is main factor that can be taken to calculates result of participation in sports activity. these injury is factor that influence the interest among people, and it must be taken seriously and a set of prevention must be consider before do it.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
This section covers the methodology we use to collect all the information about the project we undertake. We use the easiest and popular methodology which is questionnaire. Because of our study focused on students at KK 2, so all the questionnaire is only distributed to students in KK 2 only. In addition, to accomplish these studies, we have to interview officers on duty at the sports complex.
3.1 Setting
In order to accomplish this project, we only conducted our questionnaire in University Malaysia Pahang generally and Kolej Kediaman 2 specifically. Our target survey is 60 students male student from KK2 residents which are selected randomly from each house from different block. In addition, two officers on duty at the sports complex will be interviewed.
3.2 Data collection
3.2.1 Instrument
For information, we only get one types of questionnaire which is filled by students. For student questionnaire, we divided into two sections. Which is section A for demographic and section B, in section B we got 11 question in total. In the survey questions, there have two type of questions, open-ended and close-ended. For open-ended question, there have a free response question. It asks the opinions of the responder. For close-ended question, multiple choices, categorical and dichotomous method had been used. For example, responder just can choose either “yes” or “no” and example for question that asking that they interested in sports. For multiple choices, they can pick more than one answer and for example that they will be asked that what type or kind of sports that they involve with.
Section A consists demographic information and has 1 questions in total. Section B from 2 to 7 , consist the first RQ, about students satisfaction level regarding sports facilities that provided to them, contains 5 closed ended question and 1 open ended question. Section B from question 8 and 9 consist the second RQ, the participation from university in sports development, contains 2 closed end question. Section B, from question 1 to 2,question 10 to 12 covers the third RQ, factors affecting students participation and losing interest in sports , and contains 5 closed ended questions .
3.2.2 Procedures
Since our target of respondent only 60 students and our group consists of 3 people. We decided that we divided 20 questioners for each of our members group. The way we distributed the questioner by picks randomly any student from different block at KK 2. To complete all 60 questionnaire, we take around 3 weeks. Which is 2 week before hari raya holiday we managed to collect more than 40 questionnaire and the rest questionnaire we collect after these holiday consist 2 weeks.