Boltzmann-Wein's Displacement RelationshipConnecting the Quantum & Electro-magnetic to TemperatureBy Devin Andrew WintchStarted: Dec. 30th, 2015Last addition: Apr28th, 2018
Extra Matter Energy of the Proton and Neutron:
We must add up the mass energy of the electric charge escape energy and the magnetic moment escape energy. First we'll look at the charge escape energy and we find that it's small compared to the magnetic moment escape energy so we'll skip that for now and move on to the magnetic moment escape energies:
Where is the mass of the up quark, is the mass of the down quark, is the mass of the proton. Now we'll look at the magnetic moment escape energy:
Where is the magnetic moment of the quark (either up or down quark, is the g-factor of 2.0 (we used the electron g-factor for the values expressed here), and is the mass of the quark. Where is the magnetic moment of the up quark and is the down quark.The escape energy is:
The following is the amount of kinetic energy for the orbital creating a positive kinetic energy:
Where is the magnetic moment of the proton. The above value matches closely to the value for the proton, such that if you subtract the quark masses it is approximately the proton energy.
The Neutron is similar (still working on this, should be positive kinetic energy from orbit of the quarks):
Where is the mass of the neutron and un is the magnetic moment of the neutron. Here we must add the square of the exponent of the cosine of 30 degrees. The values are off slightly, which may be allowed considering the accuracy of the quark mass values.
Both the proton and the neutron have a negative sign on their matter energy which indicates that matter is created from the escape energies, not anti-matter. The radius of the proton and neutron is the same concept as the pair annihilation written of earlier that describes the electron-positron pair conversion into light waves.
Nuclear Binding Energy:
Note: This theory is correct, Hydrogen-1 and Helium-2 binding energies prove the concepts in this theory! For instance hydrogen-1 is less massive by the amount of the electron orbital binding energy, which is from the electric attracting and subtracts from the protons positive energy. While Helium-2 is more massive by the proton to proton electric force and less massive by the magnetic moment energy between protons. And the calculations are precise!
The following values may slightly vary from the exact value of 1.0 if the neutrons are doubling sometimes as proton electron pairs!
The binding energy may be formulated from the following equation. Note this equation does not also include the electron binding energy which must be included to be exact. Also it is more precise for larger elements like plutonium and iron, etc. Currently investigating the smaller elements and why it's not precise for those elements.
Where is the smallest number of protons or neutrons (whichever is smallest), is the number of protons in the element (must use 1 for zero protons), is the number of neutrons in the element (must use 1 for zero neutrons), is the common radius between a neutron and proton, is the proton mass, is the neutron mass, is the mass of the electron, and is the mass of the isotope after binding, is the proton magnetic moment, is the neutron magnetic moment, is the binding energy of the isotope and is the adjustment factor as follows:
Hydrogen-1 (hydrogen 1 only has 1 proton and no neutrons, therefore the binding energy is that of the electron to proton charge attraction):
Hydrogen-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7 respectively(these elements of hydrogen do include an electric escape energy which is an exception to the rule such that the equation uses the number of neutrons in the equation. Where is a minimum of 2 for a value and then follows the number of neutrons when it exceeds 2. This may be because neutrons double as proton-electron composites. The equation becomes):
And the H values of Hydrogen-2,3,4,5,6 & 7:
(still working on this) Helium-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 respectively (four spheres occupy the volume of approximately 1/2 of the total surrounding volume, although it's unclear why this element doesn't fall within the range)
Standard range elements (this is not the total list of elements that fall within the standard sphere packing densty)
Lithium-6, Beryllium-8, Boron-10 respectively:
etc...
Carbon-12, Nitrogen-14, Oxygen-16, Flourine-18Magnesium-24 respectively:
Calcium-40, Zinc-60, Zr-80, Sn-100 Respectively
Gold-197
Uranium-235
Lawrencium-252
Lawrencium-266
Standard Constants that may be used in this Theory (From Wikipedia 2010 CODATA):
where is the Wein displacement constant:
where is the Boltzmann constant (NIST 2017 data):
where is the fine structure constant:
where Z is the impedance of free space:
where µ is the Permeability of free space:
and where is the Permittivity of free space:
and where e is the Elementary Charge constant:
and where K is the electric constant:
and where G is the gravitational constant:
where is the Speed of Light:
where is the Planck constant:
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