Evolution Review Packet

EVOLUTION UNIT ASSESSMENT

Student Review Packet

Change With Time

I.Vocabulary:Write the letter of the term being defined on the blank to the left of each of the following definitions.

_____ 1.All of the genes of a given populationa.fossil

_____ 2.Plant or animal in the early stage ofb.half-life

development

c.natural selection

_____ 3.Time required for one half of a radioactive

isotope to disintegrated.embryo

_____ 4.Any evidence of once-living organisms,e.gene pool

such as an imprint or bone

_____ 5.Process that ensures the survival of the

fittest in a particular environment

_____ 6.Change that occurs in a population duringf.adaptations

a sequence of generations of organisms

over a long period of timeg.homologous structures

_____ 7.Body parts that are similar in structureh.analogous structures

and not necessarily similar in function

i.vestigial structures

_____ 8.Body parts that are reduced in size and/or

have no known functionj.evolution

_____ 9.Body parts that are similar in function but not

similar in structure

_____ 10.Physical and behavioral traits that enable

organisms to survive

II.True or False: If the statement is true, write “true.” If the statement is false, write “false”

AND then rewrite the statement to make it true.

11.Mutation and genetic recombination increase the rate of change among organisms.

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______

  1. A species consists of a group of similar-looking organisms that are not able to breed with

one another.

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______

13.Darwin predicted that the middle intermediate stages of evolutionary development would be found in transitional fossils.

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14.Darwin’s theory of evolution includes the following concepts:

  • organisms usually overproduce;
  • all offspring survive to compete for food and shelter; and
  • variations exist and are inherited.

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______

______

15.According to Lamarck’s hypothesis, an average-sized person who developed large muscles through exercise would produce children with muscles that are typical of a human.

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III.Theory of Evolution:

A.The following statements summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution. Write the term that completes each statement on the blank to the left.

______16.Certain organisms are naturally born with genes for variations of traits that enable them to survive. These variations are passed on to the next generation through ______.

______17.Living organisms face a constant ______to survive.

______18.Not all organisms ______and ______.

______19.Natural selection results in genetic ______in a population.

______20. A species must change and adapt to its environment or it will become ______.

B.Each of the following statements is represents a component of Darwin’s theory of evolution. In the space provided, state the component that is illustrated by each example.

21.A pack of wolves chases a herd of deer. ______

______

22.A wild hog produces young with hair color that closely resembles the leaf litter on the forest floor. ______

______

23.A coyote eats a young rabbit whose legs are too short and too weak to help it escape.

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24.The long-necked giraffe is well suited for eating foliage from the tops of the tallest trees.

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C.Each diagram below illustrates a different selection process. Name and describe the process shown in each diagram.

Human Evolution

IV.Relatedness of Organisms

A.Use the data in the table below to answer the following questions:

COMPARISON OF AMINO ACID DIFFERENCES

COMPARED WITH HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN

SPECIES / NUMBER OF AMINO ACID DIFFERENCES
COMPARED WITH HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN
Human / 0
Species A / 17
Species B / 5
Species C / 29

28.Which species is most closely related to humans? ______

29.Which species is most distantly related to humans? ______

30.Explain how a comparison of the differences in the number of amino acids demonstrates the relatedness between species. ______

______

______

B.Complete the following Concept Map using the words in the word bank.

C.Constructed-Response Questions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

  1. Why was the development of a large brain important to human evolution?

32.If you were looking for early hominid fossils, in what part of the world would you look? Why?

33.What is the meaning of the term, evolutionary relationship? Provide examples of the types of evidence a scientist could use to show an evolutionary relationship.

34.Define the terms, relative dating and absolute dating. Describe how a scientist uses each of these methods to help to determine the age of a fossil such as a shark’s tooth?

35.Scientists have calculated that a sample of rock contained 18 g of potassium-40 when it was formed. It now contains 6 g of potassium-40. The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years. How old is the rock? (Show your work.)

Classification

In the diagram below, write the level of classification in the space that represents it.

(Refer to page 319 in your Holt biology book.)

DNA from four organisms was examined using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the diagram below.

RESULTS OF DNA GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

1 / 2 / 3 / 4

36.According to the data, which of these pairs of organisms is most closely related?

A1 and 2

B2 and 3

C2 and 4

D3 and 4

A team of scientists discovered what they believed to be a new species of fish. Using gel electrophoresis, they analyzed samples of DNA from the newly discovered fish and from four known species of fish. The diagram below shows the bands of DNA from the gel electrophoresis.

RESULTS OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

FROM FIVE DIFFERENT FISH

NEWLY DISCOVERED FISH / KNOWN SPECIES
A / KNOWN SPECIES
B / KNOWN SPECIES
C / KNOWN SPECIES
D

37.Use the results of the gel electrophoresis to:

  • Determine if the newly discovered fish is, in fact, a new species of fish.
  • Identify which of the known species is most closely related to the newly discovered fish.
  • Explain how the relatedness of the fish can be determined by examining the location of the bands in the electrophoresis gel.
  • Describe other types of evidence that scientists can use to determine relationships between species.

The diagram below shows the location within the layers of rock of the fossilized remains of members of the Genus, Critter.

FOSSIL HISTORY OF THE GENUS, CRITTER

38.Based on the diagram, which of these is the correct order of age from youngest to oldest?

AC. rapidus, C. aquaticus, C. longleggus

BC. arboritus, C. amphibious, C. aquaticus

CC. nektonicus, C. amphibious, C. terraneous

DIt is not possible to tell the age of these organisms from the information given.

BCPS Summer 20031