Evolution Test 2011

Part I – Multiple Choice (13 marks)

  1. The idea that living organisms came from other living organisms is called ______.
  1. spontaneous generation b. biogenesis

c. evolutiond. protocell production

  1. Which scientist proposed a hypothesis that life began in early oceans, suggesting that energy from the sun and lightening triggered a chemical reaction to produce simple organic compounds?

a. Stanley Miller b. Louis Pasteur

c. Harold Urey d. Alexander Oparin

  1. Two closely related species of squirrels live on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. The ancestral species probably evolved into two species because of ______?

a. structural isolation b. punctuated isolation

c. behavioral isolationd. geographic isolation

  1. This type of dating gives an exact age of the fossil.

a. Relative Datingb. Estimated Dating

c. Radioactive Datingd. Layering Dating

  1. Structures that have similar origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm are called

a. embryological structuresb. analogous structures

c. homologous structuresd. homozygous structures

  1. The father of evolution is known as…
  1. Charles Darwinc. Jean Baptiste Lamark
  2. Thomas Malthusd. James Hutton
  1. ______is one of the causes of change in a gene pool and is the human involvement in breeding of organisms selected for specific traits in order to produce offspring with those desired traits

a. divergent evolutionb. artificial selection

c. convergent evolutiond. natural selection

8. This type of dating reveals the approximate age of a fossil by comparing it to matter around it.

a. Relative Datingb. Estimated Dating

c. Radiometric Datingd. Layering Dating

9. Which scientist disproved the idea of spontaneous generation by doing an experiment involving meat in jars?

a. Louis Pasteur b. Francesco Redi

c. Alexander Oparind. Sidney Fox

10. Natural selection can best be described as the

a. survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a population

b. elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms

c. survival and reproduction of the organisms which occupy the largest area

d. survival and reproduction of the organisms which are genetically best adapted to the environment

11. Largest scale and long term evolutionary patterns among many species is called

a. behavioral adaptationb. macro evolution

c. physiological adaptation d. micro evolution

  1. Photosynthesizing organisms coming into existence led to this gas coming into the atmosphere.

a. carbon dioxideb. carbon monoxide

c. oxygen d. nitrogen

  1. An organism’s role in their environment is called their ______.

a. population b. niche

c. instinctd. function

  1. The addition of this has made life easier for primates.
  1. Opposable thumbc. detachable jaw
  2. Widow’s peak on foreheadd. small weird bumps behind ears
  1. This is a mathematical odel that deals with the frequencies of alleles (traits) in a gene pool.
  1. Quadratic formulab. Hardy Weinburg Principle
  2. Hardy Weinburg Formulac. Norm Stilkowski’s Principle

Part II – Matching (15 marks)

Match the following terms with their proper definition.

_____ The most fit organisms survive and reproduce to produce offspring
_____ A footprint, trail, or burrow, providing evidence of animal activity
_____ A fossil embedded in tree sap, valuable because the organism is preserved in tact
_____ All the members of a particular species in a specified area
_____ An empty space left in rock, showing the exact shape of the organism that was buried and decayed there
_____ An exact stone copy of an original organism, the hard parts of which have been penetrated and replaced by minerals
_____ An object formed when a mold is filled in by minerals from the surrounding rock
_____ Any evidence of an organism that lived years ago
_____ Evolution of species that resembles ancestral species. This occurs when a species adapts to different environmental conditions
_____ Examples of this are a stick bug and a hawk-moth
_____ Examples of this are a tiger in the jungle grass and a white rabbit in the winter
_____ The fossil of a thin object, such as a leaf or feather that falls into sediments and leaves an outline when the sediments harden
_____ The idea that speciation occurs in rapid bursts with long periods with virtually no change in between.
_____ The role an organism plays in its environment
_____ This happens when organisms who could at one point mate, can no longer produce offspring
This occurs when a physical barrier separates a population /
  1. Amber-Preserved
  2. Camouflage
  3. Cast
  4. Fossil
  5. Geographic isolation
  6. Natural Selection
  7. Imprint
  8. Mimicry
  9. Mold
  10. Niche
  11. Petrified Fossil
  12. Population
  13. Punctuated Equilibrium
  14. Speciation
  15. Trace Fossil

Part II – True and False (10 marks)

For the following questions, state whether the statement is true or false. If it is a false statement, rewrite the italicized part to make it a true statement.

1. ______Darwin bred rats to indicate an example of artificial selection.

2. ______Artificial selection is a technique used where a breeder selects a particular trait to be passed on to the offspring.

3. ______The evolutionary theory is a mathematical model that deals with the frequencies of alleles in a gene pool.

4. ______In a chimpanzee, for example, there is a(n) opposable thumb, which might be an advantage for using tools or climbing trees.

5. ______Punctuated Equilibrium takes place very rapidly in a species.

6. ______Microorganisms are organisms that are too small to see without a microscope.

7. ______Evolution always causes a change in the species.

8. ______Darwin bred pigeons and finches to indicate an example of

natural selection.

9. ______Darwin boarded the ship on his five-year expedition as an

experienced biologist.

Part III – Short Answers (21 marks)

  1. What are the three classifications that Darwin broke adaptations into? Give a specific example of each adaptation. (6 marks)
  1. Why (be specific) is the evolution of resistance to antibiotics in bacteria an example of directional natural selection? (1 mark)
  1. What type of selection are the following examples? (3 marks)

1)There are ferns in the rainforest. The shorter ones have huge competition for sunlight, and don’t usually get enough. The ferns that are too tall are often damaged by wind. The medium height plants usually survive.

2)Giraffes need to reach food that is high on trees when there is a shortage. Giraffes with longer necks can reach leaves that are high on trees, whereas the giraffes with shorter necks will be unable to reach this food source. The shift will go towards the giraffes with the longer necks because they are more able to get food.

3)The color of rabbits in an area ranges from black to white, and in between; grey. If this population of rabbits were put into an area that had very dark black rocks as well as white stones, the black and white would be able to blend in. The grey rabbits would stand out in this habitat, so would be easy for predators to find.

  1. Darwin had six components to his theory of evolution. One was “overproduction” and the other five also ended in “tion”. What were these other five components? (5 marks)

Genetics Biology Test

Grade 12 Biology

Part I – Fill in the Blanks (10 marks)

  1. Genes that are located on the X chromosome are ______.
  1. All other chromosomes except X and Y are called ______.
  1. A(n) ______is a genetically identical organism. The first mammal was Dolly the Sheep.
  1. The first generation of offspring is known as the ______generation.
  1. A(n) ______is when only one trait is being studied in the reproduction. (example – height of the plant) ______is when there are two traits being studied. (example – height and flower color)
  1. ______are the parts that are within a chromosome. Each of these determines a trait in that organism.
  1. A(n) ______is a molecule (usually shaped in a circle) that is inserted into bacteria. It can reproduce independently and quickly.
  1. A(n) ______is the “vehicle” that is used to put DNA into an organism.

Part II – Multiple Choice (10 marks)

  1. The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called:
  2. Synthesis
  3. Replication
  4. Transcription
  5. Translation
  1. Three nucleotides code for:
  2. 1 amino acid
  3. 3 amino acids
  4. 1 protein
  5. 3 proteins
  1. DNA is called the “blueprint of life” because:
  2. It is like a fingerprint
  3. It has a blue color
  4. It contains the plans for building the organism
  5. It can relay messages to other molecules
  1. The amino acid for ACC is:
  2. Arginine
  3. Asparagine
  4. Proline
  5. Threonine
  1. The proteins that stop protein synthesis are:
  2. AAT
  3. TAA
  4. TAT
  5. TTA
  1. If AaBb is crossed with aabb, what is the chance the offspring would be aabb?
  2. 9/16
  3. 1/8
  4. 1/4
  5. 1/16
  1. Sex-linked traits appear more often in females than males.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. If two people, both of which are carriers of Sickle Cell Anemia, have a child, what is the chance they will have a son or daughter with sickle cell anemia?
  2. 0%
  3. 25%
  4. 50%
  5. 100%
  1. The Father of Genetics is:
  2. James Watson
  3. Francis Crick
  4. Gregor Mendel
  5. Addison Cullen
  1. How many different phenotypes can be produced by a pair of codominant or incomplete dominant alleles? (meaning… in codominance or incomplete dominance, how many possible phenotypic outcomes are possible?)
  2. 1
  3. 2
  4. 3
  5. 4

Part III – Short Answers

  1. List at least three relevant differences between DNA and RNA. As one part, please include the proper name. (6 marks)

DNARNA

  1. Explain how sex-linked traits are passed down. Why is there are better chance of a male with a sex-linked disease or disorder than a female? (a punnett square might help your explanation) (2 marks)
  1. Complete the following template strand. (1 mark)

5’ ATG GCT CCA GTG TTA ACG CGT 3’

  1. List four of the seven traits that Mendel chose to study in genetics. (4 marks)
  1. What might gene splicing be used for that would be helpful for humans? (1 mark)
  1. In each of the following mutations, tell what type of mutation it is, and give a short description of that mutation. (8 marks)

Type:

Description:

Type:

Description:

Type:

Description:

Type:

Description:

Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes in many ways but are also different in many ways. They are similar because they both make new cells and have the same name and main idea for their stages. Take the following facts and rewrite them under the heading they fall under. (8 marks)

MitosisMeiosis

Facts:

-Sex cells

-Non-sex cells

-In the body

-In the sex chromosomes

-Goes through one cell division

-Goes through two cell divisions

-Make body cells for repair and growth

-Make sex cells or use sex cells for reproduction

  1. List (but you don’t have to describe) the stages of mitosis. (4 marks)
  1. Using the enzyme HpaI which makes cuts at 5' GTT - CAA 3' count the number of pieces of DNA that would be created.

5' ATGTTAACAATCTCTACGGGTTAACACCCTTGGGTTAACATCCGCGG 3'

3’ TACAATTGTTAGAGATGCCCAATTGTGGGAACCCAATTGTAGGCGCC 5’

Number of pieces of DNA ______

Part IV – Punnett Squares (9 marks)

In each of the following problems, draw a punnett square and answer the questions that are being asked.

Seed coat shape / R Round / r Wrinkled
Pod color / Y Yellow / y Green
Height of plant / T Tall / t Short
Movement of mouse / R Running / r Waltzing
Color of squirrel / S Red / s Grey
Tail of squirrel / B Bushy / b Short tail hair
Color of mouse / B Black / b Brown
Running style / R Running / r Waltzing
  1. If a pea plant that was a heterozygous for both tall and round was crossed with a pea plant that was short and wrinkled, what would the genotype and phenotype of their offspring be?
  1. A heterozygous running, homozygous black mouse was crossed with a heterozygous running, brown mouse. What is the genotype and phenotype of their offspring? (3 marks)
  1. A heterozygous red, homozygous bushy tailed squirrel is crossed with a heterozygous red, heterozygous bushy tailed squirrel. What is the phenotype and genotype ratio of their offspring? (3 marks)

Part V – Diagram (7 marks)


Amino Acid / DNA codons
Isoleucine / ATT, ATC, ATA
Leucine / CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG, TTA, TTG
Valine / GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG
Phenylalanine / TTT, TTC
Methionine / ATG
Cysteine / TGT, TGC
Alanine / GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG
Glycine / GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG
Proline / CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG
Threonine / ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG
Serine / TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC
Tyrosine / TAT, TAC
Tryptophan / TGG
Glutamine / CAA, CAG
Asparagine / AAT, AAC
Histidine / CAT, CAC
Glutamic acid / GAA, GAG
Aspartic acid / GAT, GAC
Lysine / AAA, AAG
Arginine / CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG
Stop codons / TAA, TAG, TGA

Biodiversity Test

Grade 12 Biology

Part I – Fill in the Blanks

Use the following word bank to help you complete the fill in the blanks section of this test. Note, answers can be used more than once, and not all will be used. Numbers are not included in this list.

Abundance

Angiosperms

Aquatic

Asexually

Bilateral Symmetry

Biodiversity

Bolded

Brains

Carolous Linnaeus

Cartilage

Cephalization

Charles Darwin

Circulatory

Conjugation

Cuticles

Decomposers

Diffusion

Diversity

Ecosystem

Ectotherms

Eukaryotic

False

Ferns

Filaments

Francis Crick

Freshwater

Frond

Gregor Mendel

Gymnosperms

Hidden kingdom

Homo erectus

Homo sapien

Hyphae
Transpiration

Internal

Italicized

Lateral line system

Leaf

Marine

Mobile

Mosses

Motile

Mycelium

Non-motile

Non-vascular

Osmosis

Parasites

Phloem

Prokaryotic

Reproductive parts

Respiratory

Rhizome

Roots

Seeds

Sexually

Skin

Sorus

Spawning

Spores

Stem

Swim bladder

Taxonomy

Thicker

Thinner

Transpiration

True

Underlined

Vascular

Veins

Vertebrata

Viruses

Xylem

  1. ______is the measure of how many different species live in an ecosystem.
  1. Mosses obtain water and dissolved minerals by ______.
  1. ______means there are many or lots of something (that are the same species).
  1. ______means there are many different species of something in the same area.
  1. The branch of Biology that is concerned with classification and naming is ______.
  1. ______was the scientist who came up with binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
  1. It is estimated that there are over ______species on the earth.
  1. Water loss from the leaves of plants is called ______.
  1. It is the job of the ______to carry water and nutrients to the leaves of plants so that photosynthesis can take place.
  1. It is the job of the ______to carry food and other nutrients to the different parts of the plant so that it can be used.
  1. True or False: ______Over 99% of bacteria are helpful and only a few cause diseases.
  1. A(n) ______is a system of living and non-living things. It can be as big as an entire planet or as small as a single drop of water.
  1. ______are plants with exposed seeds. (pine tree)
  1. ______are flowering plants. (seeds are held in fruits)
  1. The binomial nomenclature name for a human is ______.
  1. If written, the species name should be ______whereas if typed, the species name should be ______.
  1. True or False: ______Two separate species can be bred together to produce an offspring.
  1. Fungi are ______that perform a vital service in the ecosystem by breaking down materials which allows them to use the nutrients, and also recycles the nutrients back through the ecosystem.
  1. Non-living particles that cause diseases are known as ______.
  1. The thread-like filaments (false roots) of fungi that extend into the material to absorb food are called ______. This eventually turns into ______, which are not often visible because they grow under the ground.
  1. ______are reproductive bodies that contain embryonic plants and stored food. They are covered with a protective coating.
  1. ______is a process where two cells join and exchange genetic information.
  1. ______is when an organism lives in salt water.
  1. ______means there is no true nucleus.
  1. When plants are unable to move from place to place, they are known to be ______.
  1. ______plants grow in the most terrestrial environments, ranging from rain forests to deserts.
  1. ______plants are more restricted in habitat because they tend to be smaller and more dependent on moist conditions to live.
  1. The ______cycle is needed to make energy for all organisms on earth.
  1. The ______cycle is needed to organisms grow and develop.
  1. The ______cycle is when bacteria creates protein.
  1. True or False: ______You are looking forward to Christmas Break.

Part II - Terminology Matching

_____ Bilateral
_____ Cephalization
_____ Ectothermic
_____ Endothermic
_____ Invertebrates
_____ Radial
_____ Spherical
_____ Vertebrates
_____ Zoology / a)Cold blooded
b)Do not have a backbone
c)Have a notochord for at least part of their life
d)The body can be divided into two identical halves by only 1 plane
e)The region of the head
f)The study of animals
g)They body can be divided into two identical halves by any plane that passes through any plane from the top only.
h)Warm blooded
i)Where the body of the organism can be divided into two identical parts by any plane passing through the centre.
_____ Autotrophic
_____ Flagellum
_____ Hyphae
_____ Motile
_____ Stem
_____ Transpiration / a)A long whip-like structure that helps with movement
b)Able to move.
c)Can make its own food
d)Carry water to leaves and other parts of the plant where photosynthesis can take place.
e)These extend from fungi into the material where they are getting their nutrients from. They are like “false roots”.
f)Water-loss from the leaves of plants.

List the kingdom that falls into each of the categories below.

a. ______- does not photosynthesize

- does not have a true root system

- does not contain cellulose in their walls

- are multinucleate

b. ______- broken down: plant-like, fungi-like, and fungi-like

- organisms that don’t seem to fit anywhere else

- most are single-celled

- eukaryotes that lack the specialized features of fungi,

plants, and animals

c. ______- are multicellular - walls with cellulose

- photosynthetic - chlorophyll

- adapted for land - have starch

- non-motile

d. ______- broken down into eubacteria and archeaobacteria

- smallest and simplest and most widespread groups of

organisms on earth

- Most are rod, round, or spiral shape

e. ______- multicellular

- Eukaryotic

- different from plants because they cannot use the energy from the sun

- heterotrophic

Part III – Listing Questions

  1. Place the following words in order from broadest to most specific when classifying living things. (3 marks)

Class

Family

Genus