Ethers, Aldehydes and ketones
• Ether = R-O-R where R can be:
• They are chemically:
• They are slightly ______due to the lone pairs on the oxygen, but hydrogen bonds between ether molecules ( can cannot) form as there is no polarised O-H bond.
• Because of the lack of______they have ______boiling points:
diethyl ether BP = ______°C
dimethyl ether BP = ______°C
– However the lone pairs on the oxygen allow hydrogen bonding with water and hence they are ______soluble than alkanes and approach alcohols of equivalent weights.
• Ethers are important as:
• Diethyl ether was first used in this regard over 150 years ago. But it had the disadvantage that patients:
Ethers – Nomenclature for simple ethers:
• Draw Chloromethyl cyclohexyl ether.
• If both groups are the same:
• Lastly - for more complicated ethers the term______may be used as a prefix.
• Draw Methoxy butane
• Draw Diethoxy benzene
• Draw Phenoxy phenol
• ______ether is used as a octane enhancer in petrol.
• It is also used in a:
• Aldehydes and Ketones: Contain a:
– The C=O group is the:
• The C=O group is called a:
• However the differing electronegativity of O compared to C means the bond is
______
Aldehydes and Ketones – Properties Draw the formulas
Name Formula MW BP Solubility
(°C) in Water
Butane 58 0 Insol.
Ethyl 60 11 Sol.
methyl ether
Propanal 58 49 Sol.
Acetone 58 56 Sol.
1-Propanol 60 97 Sol.
Ketones - ______is used in nail polish remover
______is used in fake tans
• Identify the three functional groups in the flavour vanilla:
• A carbonyl.
• An ether.
• A phenol.
Aldehydes and Ketones - Nomenclature
• Essentially the same naming system is used as ______, except the C=O group has priority.
– Aldehydes Suffix:______Ketones Suffix:______
• Hence you must number the chain so that the C=O group is given the lowest number.
• Aldehydes: (1)
(2)
– Ketones (1)
(2)
• Examples: Draw propanal 3-hexanone 1-bromo-5-hexen-3-one
• Cyclic systems also follow the same rules as______.
Draw 4-ethyl-3-methoxycyclohexanone
• This was used in 1893 by BAYER to change: