Anatomy and Surgery.
Estimation of Radiographic Cardiac Index in West African Dwarf Goats
R. O. Ukaha1 and R. O. C. Kene2
1Department of Veterinary Surgery & Theriogenology
Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike
Abia State
2Department of Veterinary Surgery
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Enugu State
Correspondence: Tel: +2348061530565
Abstract
In veterinary radiology, determination of cardiac size, shape, and contour is necessary in the assessment of animals with clinical signs of heart disease. In this work, thoracic radiographs of 10 clinically normal West African Dwarf Goats (WADGs) without any evidence of cardio-thoracic, pulmonary or any other anomaly were examined. The aim of the research was to approximate reference values for radiographic cardiac index of normal caprine heart image in dorsoventral (DV) and ventrodorsal (VD) thoracic projections. Parameters measured were long and short axes of the heart, and thoracic diameter. Measurements were made in centimeters. Means ± standard errors of mean cardiac indices were 0.64±0.01 and 0.67±0.01 for DV and VD thoracic radiographs, respectively. Use of radiographic cardiac indices in diagnosis is easy and objective in clinical practice.
KEYWORDS: Radiography, Heart, Views, Goats
Akpan Matthew Obot
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan
Section where it should be considered: Anatomy
Presentation: Oral
Title:
BATS’ HAIR FOLLICLE STRUCTURE: ARRANGEMENT
AND DISTRIBUTION.
Abstract
In January 2011, thirty bats were captured at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Skin samples were taken from different regions of the body after the bats were sacrificed. These samples were fixed in 10% formalin and the latter processed using the routine for slide preparation. The slides were studied with the use of the light microscope at X100 magnification mainly for hair follicle arrangement and distribution.
These structural features in bats were found to be a combination of what occurs in some domestic animals (e.g. horse, pig, dog cat, sheep and goat) that these histological features had been studied. The features include several clusters of hair follicles with one principal and variable numbers and sizes of secondary hair follicles as well as even distribution of hair follicles.
These combined histological features are likely to be peculiar to bats as they exist as the only known mammals that can truly fly. They have wings made of a double layer of skin stretched over their arms and long fingers.
WILDLIFE SURGERY: AN EMERGING VETERINARY INTEREST
*REMI-ADEWUNMI B.D. AND ABDURRAHMAN, M.
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
*Correspondence: E-mail: ; +2348035969280
ABSTRACT
Until recently, the veterinary curriculum has not paid adequate attention to wildlife veterinary medicine and surgery. In many veterinary colleges, it was treated casually without specific attention until some of the veterinary colleges began to receive feed backs from graduates who find themselves working in zoos or wildlife parks and are facing challenges. Wildlife Surgery encompasses the surgical care of all non-domestic animal species, whether they are free-ranging in the wild or in temporary care for rehabilitation and release after an injury, or those that are kept permanently in captivity for conservation andother purposes. While the word wildlife conjures up visions of large dangerous and exotic animals such as tigers, it is worth remembering that birds, ruminants and other small animals are also wildlife. Surgery, as a discipline, is not just about the operations performed on animal patients, but also about the care before and after operations, and all the decision making and care that surrounds surgery, from optimising safe anaesthesia, to the correct nutrition to ensure rapid recovery and healing. All veterinary treatment, including wildlife surgery should be of the highest clinical standard, and based on the best scientific evidence. It should uphold the highest standards of animal welfare, even when of conservation importance, and have a good likelihood of a successful outcome. Wildlife surgery should be audited to ensure optimum outcomes and welfare. In keeping with these goals wildlife surgery should aim to be as minimally invasive in nature and cost effective as possible. Wildlife surgical procedures should be of a clear benefit to the animals, and not be undertaken in cases where less invasive or non-surgical treatments will bear equal or better results. This paper is aimed at acquainting veterinary students as well as interested veterinarians with basis information towards achieving successful outcome in wildlife practice.
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C PREMEDICATION ON KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA IN DOGS
*1SANI, M.A., 1HASSAN, A.Z., 2AYO, J.O., 3IBRAHIM, I.I., 1LAWAL, M., 1ABDURRAHMAN, M., 1ABIDOYE, E.O. AND 4EMMMANUEL, E.G.
1Department of Surgery and Radiology, 2Department of Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
3Department of Anaesthesia, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Shika 4Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
*Correspondence: Email: ; Tel: +2348065162986
ABSTRACT
The effect of pre-anaesthetic administration of vitamin C on ketamine anaesthesia was evaluated in dogs. A total of Fifteen (15) clinically healthy canine subjects of either sex were used for this study. The dogs were allotted into Group A (30 mg/kg vitamin C + 15 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride), B (60 mg/kg vitamin C + 15 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride), C (120 mg/kg vitamin C + 15 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride). Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and anaesthetic indices were observed and recorded. The study suggests that the concurrent administration of vitamin C and ketamine hydrochloride improved significantly the quality of ketamine dissociative anaesthesia in dogs. The time of the onset of action was longer in the control group (6.7 ± 0.636). Group C had the shortest duration (3.0 ± 0.3162) and was statistically significant (P<0.01). The duration of anaesthesia was shorter in the control group (18.87 ± 5.131), but prolonged in the experimental groups. The durations, were 33.0 ±3.194, 34.8 ± 2.709 and 36.4 ± 4.844 in groups A, B and C, respectively and are all statistically significant (P<0.01). There was significant analgesia achieved in the experimental groups with the longer duration in groups A and B (4.0 ± 1.703 and 4.2 ± 3.105 respectively). In conclusion, the concurrent administration of vitamin C and ketamine hydrochloride significantly decreased the onset of action of ketamine dissociative anaesthesia and also improved significantly its duration of action in dogs.
Key words:Vitamin C, Ketamine, Anaesthesia, Premedication, Dogs
EXPERIMENTAL HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BONE MARROW AND KIDNEY TISSUE OF NIGERIAN LOCAL DOGS THAT HAD FEMORAL FRACTURE REPAIR USING IMPROVISED IMPLANT
EMMANUEL*1, E.G.HASSAN2, A.Z, AND DAHIRU 3, I. L.
1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 2 Department of Veterinary surgery and Radiology,
2Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, ABUTH, Shika, Ahmadu Bello
University Zaria
*Correspondence: ; Tel: +234803466454
ABSTRACT
This present study was designed to evaluate the effect of improvised implant on bone marrow (BM) and kidney tissue in six Nigerian local dogs (both sexes) that had femoral fracture repair. The six dogs were grouped into two (A and B). The diaphyseal fractures of group A were repaired using Steinman pin (5.0mm) while group B were repaired with industrial steel pin (5.2mm). Histopathology result of the tissues showed no microscopic lesions after sixteen weeks. The BM showed active bone marrow with haemopoetic cells. Kidney tissue showed no architectural distortions the Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, medulla densa and both convoluted tubules were well outline following Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Thus, no adverse effect was exerted on these tissue samples. This then suggests the safe use of this improvised implant in femoral fracture repair since most of the standard grade implants are scarce or expensive. Where they are available, they are mostly those used for humans and are often not suitable for veterinary application.
Key words:Improvised implants,Fracture,Kidney,Histopathology, Dogs
EFFECT OF STERILIZATION ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF LOCAL NETS USED FOR HERNIOPLASTY IN GOATS IN NIGERIA
*1ANDREW, A., 1FADASON, S.T., 1HASSAN, A.Z., 2SAIDU S.N.A., 1REMI- ADEWUNMI, B.D., 3USMAN, B., 3SAMBO, K.W., 1LAWAL, M., 3JAMES, A.A. and 2ONOJA, I.I.
1Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
3Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
*Correspondence: , Tel:+2348060501672
Hernioplasty or tension-free repair of hernia is the surgical procedure that involves the use of prosthetic mesh to repair large hernia defect, strengthen the abdominal wall and reduce the chances of reoccurrence. The commercial hernia meshes are neither readily available nor affordable. Many authors have attempted to define characteristics of the ideal prosthetic material for hernia repairs but attempts to achieve this ‘ideal’ was met with varying degree of success. This study was therefore aimed at finding a cheaper alternative by comparing nylon and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coated fibre glass nets with the standard (ethicon®) mesh for experimental hernia repair in 9 Kano brown goats divided into three groups of 3 animals each. The tensile strength, safety and efficacy of these two nets and their cost efficiency were also assessed. There was 1.3N/mm2 (7.5%) and 0.8N/mm2 (1.6%) decrease in tensile strength of the nylon and PVC, respectively, post-sterilization. The nylon and PVC nets were also found to be 48,781 and 43,478 times, respectively, cheaper than ethicon® mesh. In conclusion, since these nets had higher tensile strength than the commercial mesh used in the control group and sterilisation had minimal effect ontheirtensilestrength, theycanthereforeserveasagoodsubstituteforthestandardmeshesforhernioplastyingoatsandcanberecommendedforsuchuseinveterinarysurgery.
KEY WORDS: Hernioplasty, Nylon, Polyvinyl chloride, Goats
SURGICAL REPAIR OF A PENIAL AND CLOACAL PROLAPSE IN A NILE CROCODILE (Crocodylus niloticus)
1KWANASHIE, G. AND 2ABDURRHMAN, M.
1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
2*Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
*Correspondence: ;Tel: +2348066005974
ABSTRACT
A 50-year-old male Nile crocodile with prolapse of the penis and cloaca weighing 80 kg was presented to the Equine and Wildlife Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Surgical correction of the prolapsed structures was carried out following the infiltration of 15 ml of 2% lidocaine around the site of the prolapse. The prolapsed tissues were washed with warm normal saline and mild antiseptic, massaged gradually and returned into the cloacal orifice. The prolapsed structures were retained by applying purse string sutures using umbilical tape. Crystalline penicillin at the dose of 10,000 IU/kg was administered intramuscularly every 48 hours three times. Retention sutures were removed on the 10 days post-operative. The patient recovered uneventfully without recurrence of the prolapses after a follow up of 6 months.
Key words: Prolapse, Cloaca, Penile, Crocodile, Surgical correction
The Anatomy of the heart and great vessels in the African Giant Rat
Maidawa, S.M., Daniel D., Ali, M.N., Imam, J. and Salami, S.O.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Correspondence: /07057840244
ABSTRACT
The African Giant Rat is being studied in view of its potential as a laboratory animal that will likely replace rats and mice. Through a mid-ventral incision the thoracic cavity was accessed for gross morphological examination. The pericardium is a clear transparent membrane around the heart crossed laterally by the phrenic nerves. It is attached to the sternum and diaphragm along the ventral border of the heart from the base to the apex by the stenophrenicopericardiac ligament. The heart is directed horizontally in the middle mediastinal space so that the longitudinal axis is almost parallel to the floor of the thorax and extends between the second and fifth intercostal spaces with apex almost in contact with the diaphragm. The right atria in most cases were larger than the left. The right and left cranial vena cavae and the caudal vena cava all open into the right atrium. The papillary muscles project from the septal wall of the ventricles as prominent longitudinal pillars which give off thickened chordate tendinae that are attached to the atrioventricular valves. Numerous septomarginal trabeculae or extend between the ventricular septum wall and the opposite in the right ventricle. Three arterial trunks arise from the convexity of the aortic arch. The heart and great vessels of the African Giant Rat appears to be built for tremendous activity of rapid blood circulation.
SOME ASPECT OF COMPARATIVE MYOLOGY OF Clarias submarginatus
(CAT FISH) AND Tilapia nolitica (TILAPIA)
MUNGADI H.U.1, SA’ADU U.2, SHEHU S.A.3, UMAR A.A.3, SONFADA M.L3. AND OYELOWO F.O.3
1. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto.
2. Sokoto State Zonal Veterinary Clinic, Sokoto.
3. Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto.
Correspondence address:
ABSTRACT
Two species of fish were used for the work i.e. Clarias submarginatus and Tilapia noliticato investigate their comparative myology. The choice of these species was because they were found to be the commonest in Sokoto (the study area) following oral interview with farmers and fishermen. This study showed that Clariasmuscles are more reddish and soft while Tilapia muscles are whitish and not as soft as those of the Clarias. In addition Clarias muscles have more adipose tissue than Tilapia muscles while Tilapia muscles have more collagen fibers than those of Clarias, as recorded using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and Masson’s trichrome stain respectively.
Key words: Muscles, Clarias submarginatus (Cat fish),Tilapia nolitica(Tilapia).
Author
Aina, Oluwasanmi Olayinka
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan
Section where it should be considered: Anatomy
Presentation: Oral
Title: Age related trends in some hematologic parameters of cage-raised Japanese Quails
Abstract:
The Japanese quail is currently enjoying increasing popularity as food animals with a lot of unsubstantiated claims medicinal of great medicinal value as well as valuable animal model for research in a variety of biological disciplines. The purpose of this study was to compare age related changes of some haematological parameters in Japanese Quails raised under laboratory (cage) system another objective of the study was to identify trends and periods of increased erythroid and myeloid productive activities. The parameters which were evaluated include Hb, PCV, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, ESR and white cell differentials. There were reciprocal changes in the Lymphocyte and Heterophil values with increasing age. There was an upsurge of MCV values at the first and sixth week
Abstract
Key words: Japanese quail, blood parameters, age related changes
Evaluation of Pentazocine Administration on Xylazine-ketamine Anaesthesia in Rabbits
ADETUNJI, A. and LAWAL, F.M.*
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*Correspondence: ; Tel: +2348023714354
ABSTRACT
To carry out any painful procedure, a pre-emptive analgesia is required. Intramuscular (IM) administration of xylazine (5 mg/kg), followed 10 min later by ketamine (35 mg/kg) with or without pentazocine (10 mg/kg) was evaluated in 6 healthy rabbits, on the basis of selected anaesthetic indices and changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) over a period of one hour. Time to loss of righting reflex by the rabbits given xylazine-ketamine-pentazocine (XKP) (1.3±0.3 min) was significantly (p<0.05) shorter than that with xylazine-ketamine (XK) (1.8±0.3 min). Duration of recumbency with XKP (110.2±5.2 min) was significantly longer than that with XK (73.9±2.9 min). Time to standing with XKP (5.3±1.1 min) was not significantly (p>0.05) different from that with XK (6.3±1.3 min). Mean HR ranged from 199.3±6.8 to 214.8±10.6 beats/min with XKP, and from 174.8±10.3 to 194.7±10.4 beats/min with XK. Mean RR ranged from 18.7±1.6 to 38.5±6.3 breaths/min and from 31.0±2.9 to 94.5±8.3 breaths/min in the XKP and XK, respectively. With XKP, mean RT ranged from 31.8±0.2 to 38.4±0.2 0C and from 38.2±0.4 to 38.7±0.3 0C, with XK. The mean HR values were significantly higher but the mean RR values were lower with XKP than those with XK values throughout the trial period. It was concluded that the administration of pentazocine on xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia resulted in shorter induction time and longer duration of recumbency, as well as increased HR but decreased RR in healthy rabbits not undergoing any clinical procedure.
KEYWORDS: pentazocine, xylazine, ketamine, anaesthesia, rabbits.
ORAL PRESENTATION
Preliminary Investigations on the Shell Morphology of the African Sideneck Turtle (Pelusios sinuatus)
Olukole S.G.⃰ 1; Okusanya B.O.2; Agbato O.A. 1, Kekere A.D. 1; Oyeyemi M.O. 2; Oke B.O. 1
1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
⃰ Corresponding Author
E-mail :
Phone number: +2348033574752
Abstract
The morphological analysis of the shell of the African sideneck turtle (Pelusios sinuatus) was carried out using sixty five adult turtles comprising twenty females and forty males picked up at different times in various river banks in Ibadan, Nigeria with the view to providing baseline information that could be useful in the comparative osteology of sea and freshwater turtles as well as in the identification of the shell of the turtle in paleontological and archaeological investigations. The turtles were anaesthetized using ketamine HCl at 25mg/kg body weight intramuscularly at the medial aspects of the thigh muscle and then sacrificed by cervical decapitation. The preparation of skeletons of the animals was obtained through hot water maceration. The arrangement and number of scutes of the carapace and plastron with their bony elements were then investigated.The average body weight of the turtles used for the study was 0.82 ±0.03kg. The curved carapace and plastron lengths of the turtles were 26.4 ±1.87cm and 19.3 ± 1.13cm, respectively. The carapace of the turtles varied from dark brown to dark in colour, had five vertebral, four pairs of costal and twelve pairs of marginal scutes with the inframarginal scute forming the bridge between the carapace and plastron. The turtle had seven neural bones flanked on each side by eight pairs of pleurals, while eleven pairs of peripheral bones surrounded the pleurals. The plastral formula of the African sideneck turtle can be summarized as abd > fem > hum > ana > gul > pec. This formula, being the first of its kind in literature is therefore named as the African sideneck turtle plastral formula (of Olukole). The basic anatomy of the shell of this animal is similar to those of earlier reports on shell morphology of the chelonians.