------
log: K:\Roger-Australia\Robustness-1\USA-Zambia_Exports.log
log type: text
opened on: 18 Aug 2006, 19:42:19
. clear
. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;
. insheet using k:\book2.txt
(54 vars, 11640 obs)
. drop if ccode ==.
(10630 observations deleted)
.
. **Dropping USA
. drop if ccode==218400
(10 observations deleted)
.
.
. ** Estimation Results
. **Regression of Exports without Distinction between "white" and "non-white Aus
> tralia"
. tsset ccode year
panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980
time variable: year, 1991 to 2000
.
. **I. Aggregate Exports
. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr
> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog
Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression
Coefficients: generalized least squares
Panels: heteroskedastic
Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)
Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000
Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100
Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10
Wald chi2(13) = 7052.55
Log likelihood = -1028.211 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------
lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
limmig | .5359937 .0380755 14.08 0.000 .461367 .6106203
lgdp | 1.067765 .0403029 26.49 0.000 .9887729 1.146757
lgdpau | -3.242241 .8981944 -3.61 0.000 -5.00267 -1.481812
lgdpdfrati~w | -1.872838 .3374754 -5.55 0.000 -2.534277 -1.211398
lpopau | 4.075403 3.131819 1.30 0.193 -2.062849 10.21365
lpop | -.0074845 .0417709 -0.18 0.858 -.089354 .074385
lxrate1 | -.00043 .0150457 -0.03 0.977 -.029919 .0290589
lremote | .1687263 .080478 2.10 0.036 .0109924 .3264602
ldist | -1.36375 .1527689 -8.93 0.000 -1.663172 -1.064329
lopen | .8854862 .0805777 10.99 0.000 .7275568 1.043416
english | .2109599 .1060049 1.99 0.047 .0031941 .4187257
white | 3.249026 .566757 5.73 0.000 2.138202 4.359849
lwhitemg | -.3972508 .0515486 -7.71 0.000 -.4982842 -.2962175
_cons | 11.44966 29.01365 0.39 0.693 -45.41604 68.31537
------
. vce
| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1
------+------
limmig | .00145
lgdp | -.000824 .001624
lgdpau | -.002987 .00274 .806753
lgdpdfrati~w | .000767 -.001537 -.025478 .11389
lpopau | .011119 -.011467 -2.76954 .136652 9.80829
lpop | .000066 -.000835 .000802 .000192 -.006447 .001745
lxrate1 | .000011 .000184 .000085 1.7e-06 -.00099 -.000042 .000226
lremote | -.000388 .00172 .004152 -.002562 -.022001 -.000215 .000083
ldist | .003532 -.001248 -.003692 .002651 .001494 .001489 .00065
lopen | -.00052 .000357 .010891 -.000853 -.05969 .000966 .00004
english | -.000664 .002225 -.001443 -.000533 .009999 -.001375 .000575
white | .007125 -.000331 -.006106 -.00932 -.000549 .008404 .001942
lwhitemg | -.000792 .000071 .000693 .000666 -.000292 -.000736 -.000163
_cons | -.130884 .09674 24.7626 -1.69592 -89.8172 .065711 .002585
| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons
------+------
lremote | .006477
ldist | .003441 .023338
lopen | .00179 .001465 .006493
english | .001319 .004296 -.002532 .011237
white | .013789 .035429 -.000585 .006071 .321214
lwhitemg | -.001163 -.003592 .000018 -.000406 -.028927 .002657
_cons | .135404 -.207514 .662943 -.214143 -.485618 .048708 841.792
. **II. Conservative Estimates
. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)
. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l
> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog
Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression
Coefficients: generalized least squares
Panels: heteroskedastic
Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)
Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000
Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100
Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10
Wald chi2(13) = 3648.44
Log likelihood = -1458.393 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------
lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
limmig | .2895993 .0459593 6.30 0.000 .1995207 .3796779
lgdp | 1.320563 .0883323 14.95 0.000 1.147435 1.493691
lgdpau | -.2138813 .5838288 -0.37 0.714 -1.358165 .9304021
lgdpdfrati~w | -.2471974 .295636 -0.84 0.403 -.8266332 .3322385
lpopau | 1.699716 2.070993 0.82 0.412 -2.359356 5.758788
lpop | .0094463 .0943694 0.10 0.920 -.1755144 .194407
lxrate1 | -.0385916 .0300212 -1.29 0.199 -.097432 .0202489
lremote | -.2578023 .1739979 -1.48 0.138 -.5988318 .0832273
ldist | -2.41116 .4440418 -5.43 0.000 -3.281466 -1.540854
lopen | -.0878969 .0595053 -1.48 0.140 -.2045251 .0287314
english | 1.167477 .2413066 4.84 0.000 .694525 1.640429
white | 7.473006 1.075131 6.95 0.000 5.365788 9.580224
lwhitemg | -.8645735 .11402 -7.58 0.000 -1.088049 -.6410984
_cons | -24.47945 20.60693 -1.19 0.235 -64.86829 15.9094
------
. vce
| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1
------+------
limmig | .002112
lgdp | -.002304 .007803
lgdpau | .001809 -.004105 .340856
lgdpdfrati~w | -.001793 .003466 -.026254 .087401
lpopau | -.005679 .00151 -1.15898 .110661 4.28901
lpop | .000044 -.005034 .003237 -.001237 -.018005 .008906
lxrate1 | .000152 .000403 .000632 .002439 -.006726 -.000582 .000901
lremote | -.000375 .002864 -.024381 .003313 .091152 -.003886 .0005
ldist | .005536 .002685 -.009414 .005278 -.037067 .004827 .002177
lopen | .00011 -.000562 .002807 .001298 -.011556 .00111 -.00033
english | -.003246 .007984 -.002411 .005857 -.049 .00226 .001672
white | .010758 -.028639 .023859 -.002739 -.154999 .032822 .001827
lwhitemg | -.001386 .001846 -.004363 .000389 .023648 -.002146 -.000165
_cons | .039624 -.059948 10.6488 -1.37591 -41.016 .178617 .063332
| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons
------+------
lremote | .030275
ldist | .01333 .197173
lopen | -.001541 -.00075 .003541
english | .000572 .038265 -.00211 .058229
white | -.0159 .041422 .002647 .026955 1.15591
lwhitemg | .004112 -.007163 -.000481 -.002209 -.117244 .013001
_cons | -1.27468 -1.32222 .135811 .278035 1.74668 -.245944 424.646
. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)
. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l
> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog
Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression
Coefficients: generalized least squares
Panels: heteroskedastic
Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)
Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000
Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100
Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10
Wald chi2(13) = 2684.09
Log likelihood = -1575.714 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------
lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
limmig | .4534738 .0546733 8.29 0.000 .346316 .5606315
lgdp | 1.150479 .0684134 16.82 0.000 1.016391 1.284567
lgdpau | 3.583685 2.376648 1.51 0.132 -1.07446 8.24183
lgdpdfrati~w | -2.290487 .8266909 -2.77 0.006 -3.910771 -.6702023
lpopau | -13.51952 8.157805 -1.66 0.097 -29.50852 2.469482
lpop | -.1707231 .0795173 -2.15 0.032 -.3265742 -.0148721
lxrate1 | -.070848 .0285571 -2.48 0.013 -.1268189 -.0148771
lremote | .2418396 .2365731 1.02 0.307 -.2218352 .7055145
ldist | -1.97061 .2736073 -7.20 0.000 -2.506871 -1.43435
lopen | .0886241 .0904165 0.98 0.327 -.0885891 .2658373
english | .8223917 .1904202 4.32 0.000 .449175 1.195608
white | 2.594605 1.138473 2.28 0.023 .3632383 4.825971
lwhitemg | -.2463683 .1032796 -2.39 0.017 -.4487925 -.0439441
_cons | 128.2211 74.83536 1.71 0.087 -18.4535 274.8957
------
. vce
| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1
------+------
limmig | .002989
lgdp | -.002142 .00468
lgdpau | -.002449 .003627 5.64846
lgdpdfrati~w | -.003382 .000013 -.218543 .683418
lpopau | .007336 -.022231 -19.1243 .958143 66.5498
lpop | .00014 -.003232 -.000021 .001003 .004486 .006323
lxrate1 | .000225 .000392 .000477 -.00008 -.007078 -.000862 .000816
lremote | .003625 .001047 -.012548 -.016328 .015377 -.000223 .000509
ldist | .00592 -.001634 -.021985 .003925 .050649 .002665 .002493
lopen | -.000382 .000679 .018406 .002477 -.085257 .001174 -.000127
english | -.003491 .004244 -.004889 .00798 .018306 -.003065 .001119
white | .019949 -.017773 .035319 -.128191 -.169415 .009849 .002219
lwhitemg | -.001849 .001326 -.003805 .010573 .016464 -.000223 -.000147
_cons | -.115381 .235516 169.566 -10.7673 -603.769 -.122308 .077191
| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons
------+------
lremote | .055967
ldist | .039163 .074861
lopen | .003806 .000154 .008175
english | -.006503 .010337 -.003557 .03626
white | .084867 .039549 -.002427 -.008579 1.29612
lwhitemg | -.004503 -.000836 .000347 .001094 -.114115 .010667
_cons | -.814221 -1.37793 .870599 -.269864 .99059 -.149801 5600.33
. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)
. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l
> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog
Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression
Coefficients: generalized least squares
Panels: heteroskedastic
Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)
Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000
Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100
Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10
Wald chi2(13) = 1987.93
Log likelihood = -1631.208 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------
lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
limmig | .4683472 .0526673 8.89 0.000 .3651211 .5715732
lgdp | .8915217 .0963093 9.26 0.000 .7027588 1.080284
lgdpau | .0508964 1.104864 0.05 0.963 -2.114597 2.21639
lgdpdfrati~w | -.2529915 .4655609 -0.54 0.587 -1.165474 .659491
lpopau | -6.501413 3.780655 -1.72 0.085 -13.91136 .9085355
lpop | .1670849 .106861 1.56 0.118 -.0423588 .3765286
lxrate1 | .070021 .0371076 1.89 0.059 -.0027085 .1427504
lremote | -1.097161 .2361165 -4.65 0.000 -1.559941 -.6343811
ldist | -1.707395 .4908688 -3.48 0.001 -2.66948 -.7453096
lopen | .0558541 .0957322 0.58 0.560 -.1317776 .2434858
english | .8928512 .2961843 3.01 0.003 .3123407 1.473362
white | 11.30256 2.55614 4.42 0.000 6.292617 16.3125
lwhitemg | -1.313331 .2726256 -4.82 0.000 -1.847667 -.7789945
_cons | 111.9158 35.61639 3.14 0.002 42.10901 181.7227
------
. vce
| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1
------+------
limmig | .002774
lgdp | -.003027 .009275
lgdpau | .006358 -.011523 1.22072
lgdpdfrati~w | -.003687 .007903 -.057777 .216747
lpopau | -.024642 .025947 -4.0547 .289469 14.2934
lpop | .000389 -.005749 .000147 -.003215 .000856 .011419
lxrate1 | -.00009 .001183 .00303 .002749 -.01966 -.00147 .001377
lremote | .000259 .008602 -.039549 .012361 .109026 -.006444 .000507
ldist | .014518 -.010354 .023268 -.005707 -.150615 .012663 .002075
lopen | -.000029 -.001074 -.020989 .006571 .052118 .002203 -.000266
english | -.002455 .003903 .017653 .004552 -.085655 .004692 .002905
white | .010342 -.023755 .097958 -.017447 -.45497 .033639 .00492
lwhitemg | -.001191 .001554 -.011112 .001925 .051283 -.002785 -.000376
_cons | .152393 -.217486 35.6058 -3.68448 -130.953 -.127887 .211787
| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons
------+------
lremote | .055751
ldist | .02557 .240952
lopen | .00147 -.001365 .009165
english | -.014066 .01655 -.003601 .087725
white | -.004759 .057822 -.000414 .112784 6.53385
lwhitemg | .002486 -.007898 .000378 -.011725 -.691772 .074325
_cons | -1.59861 -.6769 -.322058 .74003 4.38614 -.488508 1268.53
. **III. Liberal Estimates
. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)
. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l
> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog
Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression
Coefficients: generalized least squares
Panels: heteroskedastic
Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)
Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000
Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100
Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10
Wald chi2(13) = 1956.23
Log likelihood = -1467.488 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------
lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
limmig | .318129 .0469445 6.78 0.000 .2261194 .4101386
lgdp | 1.048113 .0943672 11.11 0.000 .863157 1.23307
lgdpau | -.0947218 .5324588 -0.18 0.859 -1.138322 .9488783
lgdpdfrati~w | .0891459 .2566556 0.35 0.728 -.4138897 .5921816
lpopau | -3.304326 1.870359 -1.77 0.077 -6.970162 .3615099
lpop | .1238427 .1007974 1.23 0.219 -.0737165 .321402
lxrate1 | -.0069498 .0287178 -0.24 0.809 -.0632357 .0493362
lremote | -.188313 .1625657 -1.16 0.247 -.506936 .13031
ldist | -2.092181 .4947385 -4.23 0.000 -3.061851 -1.122512
lopen | .01329 .05432 0.24 0.807 -.0931752 .1197553
english | 1.279672 .2824122 4.53 0.000 .7261547 1.83319
white | 10.58729 2.102841 5.03 0.000 6.465803 14.70879
lwhitemg | -1.070345 .205161 -5.22 0.000 -1.472453 -.6682368
_cons | 55.42107 18.75132 2.96 0.003 18.66917 92.17297
------
. vce
| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1
------+------
limmig | .002204
lgdp | -.002825 .008905
lgdpau | .002047 -.00568 .283512
lgdpdfrati~w | -.001887 .004605 -.026744 .065872
lpopau | -.008556 .015242 -.965885 .113062 3.49824
lpop | .000761 -.006055 .004387 -.003268 -.022901 .01016
lxrate1 | .000144 -2.5e-06 .00167 .001611 -.008272 -.000317 .000825
lremote | .000192 .001892 -.022238 .003303 .080421 -.003377 -.000019
ldist | .004483 -.001899 -.007403 .00232 -.013452 .008243 .001898
lopen | .000046 -.00031 .002222 .001052 -.009651 .000816 -.000156
english | -.00348 .006826 .001465 .005871 -.02138 .000731 .00163
white | .01198 -.04054 .034975 -.006936 -.151481 .033698 .011271
lwhitemg | -.001289 .002759 -.004536 .000621 .01983 -.002085 -.000996
_cons | .086253 -.200466 8.92233 -1.34508 -33.3069 .192821 .074449
| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons
------+------
lremote | .026428
ldist | .013904 .244766
lopen | -.001317 -.001557 .002951
english | -.003378 .052254 -.001496 .079757
white | .024862 -.212763 -.002788 -.021993 4.42194
lwhitemg | -.00048 .021241 .000089 .00312 -.426933 .042091
_cons | -1.10971 -2.18138 .123832 -.336308 3.69111 -.429022 351.612
. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)
. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l
> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog
Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression
Coefficients: generalized least squares
Panels: heteroskedastic
Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)
Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000
Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100
Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10
Wald chi2(13) = 2690.38
Log likelihood = -1592.454 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------
lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
------+------
limmig | .4091365 .0579017 7.07 0.000 .2956512 .5226218
lgdp | 1.25631 .0763994 16.44 0.000 1.10657 1.40605
lgdpau | 3.113007 2.439885 1.28 0.202 -1.66908 7.895094
lgdpdfrati~w | -2.471233 .8306481 -2.98 0.003 -4.099274 -.8431929
lpopau | -11.95227 8.375597 -1.43 0.154 -28.36813 4.463602
lpop | -.2880337 .0814736 -3.54 0.000 -.4477191 -.1283483
lxrate1 | -.0329922 .0287101 -1.15 0.250 -.089263 .0232786
lremote | .3274295 .2254774 1.45 0.146 -.1144982 .7693571
ldist | -1.956116 .2685913 -7.28 0.000 -2.482545 -1.429687
lopen | .1137168 .0993029 1.15 0.252 -.0809134 .308347
english | .9809583 .2097339 4.68 0.000 .5698874 1.392029
white | 2.678115 1.15343 2.32 0.020 .4174338 4.938797
lwhitemg | -.2451648 .1051977 -2.33 0.020 -.4513484 -.0389811
_cons | 113.3114 76.81808 1.48 0.140 -37.24923 263.8721
------
. vce
| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1
------+------
limmig | .003353
lgdp | -.002819 .005837
lgdpau | -.002982 .004408 5.95304
lgdpdfrati~w | -.003548 .000879 -.227286 .689976
lpopau | .010384 -.026633 -20.1578 .976766 70.1506