EOC (STARR) - Second Semester Review
Africa and Culture
Culture- total knowledge, attitude and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group (a groups way of life)
Society- Group that shares a place, identity, and culture. Ex America and Middle East
Ethnic Group-Group that has a separate identity from the rest of the society.
Cultural Hearth-The place of origin of a major culture from which new ideas and technologies spread. Ex United States
Innovation-creating something new to meet a need.
Acculturation-When a culture changes because of its introduction to another culture.
Diffusion-The spread of ideas, inventions, or behaviors. (religion, technology, language)
Parts of a Culture- .food and shelter, religion, family, Language, education, Security/protection, Government, Art.
Desertification- the degrading of land to dry land
Sahara- large desert in northern Africa
Sahel- large grassland in central Africa, receives more rainfall than the Sahara
Tuareg-Nomads of the Sahara, that live in group of 100, that wear blue robes to protect them from the sun, and lead camel caravans across the desert.
MarginalLand- land not well suited for farming
Pastoral Nomad- people that move from place to place to find pastures for their herds
Igbo-ethnic group rewarded by British for their willingness to cooperate with colonial rulers
Apartheid- the separation of races in South Africa
Subsistence Farming- farming that produces just enough for the farmers family.
Commercial Agriculture- farming on a large scale that produces to make a profit
Main Cultures of Africa Arabian, Bantu, Afrikaaners
What human activities contribute to desertification? Nonnative plant crowd out native plants, deforestation can leave marginal land exposed to erosion, and poor farming method can wear out thin soil
How have modern technologies improved desert life in Africa? (name the technologies) Allow satellite phones for communication, drilling machines to locate underground water, trucks replace camel for hauling heavy loads.
What is a lasting legacy of British rule in Nigeria? Cultural conflicts within country borders
Name the important economic activities of the Niger River Delta. Oil Production
What led to the creation of South Sudan in 2011? The north is Islamic and the south is Christian
Name the 2 largest ethnic groups of Nigeria. Hausa and Fulani
Who was the first black President of South Africa? Nelson Mandela
What are the 2 things that MOST divide Nigeria? Ethnic and religious tensions
The finding of what resources caused the war between the British and the Boers in South Africa? gold and Diamonds
Be able to explain European colonialism (imperialism) in Africa. The Europeans divided Africa into colonies; they did not divide along ethnic boundaries
Review:
Where are most cities located in South America? Near the coastline
Name 3 human factors of where cities are located. Economic Activities (Access to Natural Resources), level of technology, transportation routes
What does sustainable development look like in Latin America? Cattle raising to prevent desertification, wind farms, hydroelectric dams.
What were the PULL factors for the original river valley civilizations?
Access to water, Better farmland, new farming technology
SOUTHWEST ASIA
What is a bar Mitzvah? Jewish ceremony that marks the crossing over from childhood into adulthood
Three major branches of Christianity…Roman Catholic-Protestant-Eastern Orthodox
Holy city for Christians, Jews and Muslims…….Jerusalem
Which religion is the largest in the world……Christianity
How many people practice Sikhism……..25 million
what is a guru……an Enlightener
Which religion’s goal is to attain Nirvana……Buddhism and Hinduism
What country is the cultural heart of Buddhism……..India
This religion is considered an ethnic religion……..Hinduism
The followers of Islam worship in a…..…mosque
What are the beliefs of the Buddhists….in life we are only temporary vessels and the goal is to attain nirvana where we are free from greed, hate and ignorance
Which religion does not have a “holy book”…Hinduism
Which religion has 700 million believers…..Hinduism
what is innovation …the creation of better ideas, technologies and services
what is an ethnic group… members identify with one another thru a shared language and customs
What is the goal of Al Qaeda….restoring Muslim land to Muslim people
What are the 5 Pillars of Islam…daily prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, alms to the poor, only one God
Why was Pakistan created by the British…created for Muslims to separate from Hindus
Main language of Middle Eastern countries…Arabic
What is the main vegetation of Saudi Arabia …desert vegetation
What group established executions and floggings in Afghanistan…The Taliban
Iran has nuclear plants and the rest of the world is concerned…why? Afraid of Iran attacking Israel and other western countries
What is cultural diffusion….the spreading out of culture to another area
What is a cultural region…a geographic area that encompasses a specific ethnicity and/or culture
Define society… a large social grouping sharing similarities like language, holidays
What is the most abundant resource and the most valuable resource in the Middle East…most abundant is petroleum and most valuable is water
How did Israel become a country… UN designated land in Palestine for the Jews (Israel)
Who are the Taliban…ruled Afghanistan from 1996-2001, very radical, suppressed woman’s rights
What is terrorism and show examples…violent acts against civilians intended to create fear
Why has Afghanistan been a place where terrorists stay…radical believers of Islam live in this country
The holy book for the Jewish faith….Torah
Population & Migration/ South & East Asia
Population density- How many people live in a certain area
Population distribution- Most people live close to water
Push factor- negative factors that make people want to move from the area where they live.
Pull factor- positive factors that encourage people to move another area.
Demographer- Person who studies population density maps, population pyramids, and other geographic data to describe population characteristics and trends.
Negative population growth- When the death rate in a country is great that the Birth Rate
Birth rate- Number of babies born in a country in a specific period of time.
Death rate- Number of people who die in a country in a specific period of time.
Human migration- patterns of people moving from on place to another.
urbanization-people moving from rural areas to unban areas
population trends- either the increase or decrease of population over a period of time.
What area has India and Pakistan fought over since 1947? Kashmir
What landform divides China and Nepal? Himalayas
What are the positive effects of building the Three Gorges Dam? Clean energy, Flood control, help river shipping.
What are the two main reasons Europe’s high population density may not hold steady much longer? Oldest Population of any continent and lowest birth rate
Which of the countries in Monsoon Asia are Islamic countries? Indonesia, Pakistan
List the beliefs of Confucianism. Respect for parent, government, ancestors, emperor and importance of education
Why is negative growth rate occurring in Europe? ( hint: death rates, replacement rates) More people are dying than are being born.
What physical factors influence where people settle? Landforms, Climates, Nearness to bodies of water
What is the highest mountain peak in the world? How high is it? Mt.Everest at 29,035 feet
What processes lead to changes in settlement patterns? Urbanization, Transportation, iAccess to resources, Economic activities
Where is the Ring of Fire? Around the pacific ocean
List several ways European countries are dealing with an aging population.
Government budgets more for pensions and healthcare, cut the amount each person receives for pension, raise retirement age, bonuses to people who retire later, Provide better healthcare preventatives and home care instead of nursing homes.
Describe the characteristics of a summer monsoon. Moves southwest across Indian Ocean from June to September and brings heavy rains.
Where do most people live? (The region of the world i.e. - East Asia, Europe etc.) China and India
What is the main cause of uneven population is distribution around the world? People tend to live where there is good soil, fresh water, and a mild climate
Where do the majority of Europeans & Americans live? (urban or rural areas?) Urban areas
What caused the world population growth rate to increase approximately 200 years ago? New farming methods and industrialization.
Who was the leader of Communist China from 1949 until 1976? Mao Zedong
Where do most Japanese people live? In cities
Political Geography and Europe
In what type of environment do most people want to live?
Flat, fertile plains and river valleys with good climate
What are pull factors?
Reasons to move to an area – jobs, good medical care, education
What is the most common type of climate in Europe?
Marine west coast
What is the most common type of land use in Europe?
Commercial farming
What are the characteristics of a dictatorship?
One person or group of people who take control by force and make decisions for their own benefit not all of the people.
How do landforms affect the shape of countries in Europe?
Often used to form country’s borders
What type of government allows individual citizens to make decisions about important government policies?
Democracy and republics
What countries make up the Scandinavian Peninsula?
Norway and Sweden
What countries make up the Iberian Peninsula?
Spain
What landform serves as the border between Europe and Asia?
The Ural Mountains
What are the two most important rivers in Europe?
The Rhine and DanubeRiver
What ethnic group makes up the majority of the Belgium population?
Flanders
What are the characteristics of a Theocratic government?
Religious leader who makes all laws based upon the religion, censorship, religious laws, and repression (ex: Iran and Vatican City)
How much land has been reclaimed from the ocean in the Netherlands? 40%
How are windmills used by the Dutch?
To pump water around dikes
What countries are members of the Benelux?
Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands
List the three German empires for oldest to latest. Charlemagne's Empire 742-814, German Empire 1871-1917, Nazi Germany 1933-1945
What country first introduced the idea of Democracy?
Athens
What is a constitutional monarch?
King or Queen as figure head with congress or Parliament making laws.
What country’s government was influenced by troops returning from the revolutionary war in America? France
What countries where allies to the United States in World War I?
United Kingdom, USSR and France
What is Nationalism?
The belief that one’s country is superior to all others
What event started World War I?
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Who ended the first republic in France?
Napoleon Bonaparte taking control
What are the characteristics of the United Kingdom?
It is made up of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. It has had the same government since 1066. It is the oldest government in the world.
What makes Vatican City different from other European Countries?
It is thesmallest sovereign country in the world. It is the only country that speaks Latin. It is a Theocracy led by the Pope.
List the Peninsulas found in Europe.
Balkan, Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, Jutland
Where is the stateless nation of the Basque region found? Edge ofFrance a