Name ____________
EOC Review Warm-Up Questions Packet #3
1. In the enzyme-controlled reaction represented by the word equation below, which molecules are considered the substrate? monosaccharide + monosaccharide à disaccharide + water
a. monosaccharide and monosaccharide
b. disaccharide and water
c. monosaccharide and water
d. monosaccharide and disaccharide
This diagram shows an enzyme-substrate complex.
2. Which is represented by Structure X?
a. Substrate c. Product
b. c. Enzyme d. Complex
Mallory has four aquatic plants of the same size and species.
She submerges each plant in a separate beaker filled with 200 mL of water. She then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mallory observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 min period.
3. Which of the following statements best explains Mallory’s observations?
a. Cells decompose most quickly under the most intense light.
b. Water evaporates from plants fastest under the most intense light.
c. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light.
d. Gases in the leaves of plants expand most under the most intense light.
4. All organisms have ways to produce ATP. Which of the following statements describes why ATP is a critical compound for all cells?
a. It causes mitosis to begin.
b. It is an energy-transfer molecule.
c. It is a major component of cell membranes.
d. It carries information from DNA to the ribosomes.
5. The picture shows a student’s experiment with Elodea, a common aquatic plant. Which change in this experiment is most likely to increase the volume of oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube?
a. Use fewer plants
b. Replace the beaker with a larger container
c. Move the light source closer to the beaker
d. Reduce the amount of water
6. There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?
a. Different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm.
b. Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions.
c. An enzyme binds to a specific substrate (reactant) for the reaction catalyzed.
d. Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes.
7. By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells?
a. digestion b. photosynthesis c. hydrolysis d. respiration
8. The weakest bonds in a double-stranded molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid exist between the
a. deoxyribose sugars b. nitrogenous bases c. phosphate groups d. 5-carbon sugars
Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of biology. The arrow below each lettered process indicates where the process takes place.
9. Process A is known as
- Photosynthesis
- Fermentation
- dehydration synthesis
- aerobic respiration
10. Glucose is a product of
- process A, only
b. process B, only
c. process B and process C
d. process A and process C
11. In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
- Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
- Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
- Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
- Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
The cell in the diagram to the right illustrates a stage of mitotic cell division.
12. Letter B indicates the
a. paired chromosomes c. centrioles
b. cell plate d. endoplasmic reticulum
The diagram shows the cell cycle.
13. Which of the following activities occurs in the G1 phase?
A. growth of the cell
B. replication of the DNA
C. formation of the mitotic spindle
D. breakdown of the nuclear membrane
14. In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a. cytosine B. guanine c. thymine d. uracil
15. Which of the following base pair sequences could be produced in DNA replication?
a. 5' AGTCUT 3'3' TCUGTA 5' c. 5' AGTCAT 3'3' TCAGTA 5'
b. 5' AGTCAT 3'3' CTGACG 5' d. 5' AGTCAT 3'3' UCAGUA 5'
The diagram below shows Rosalind Franklin’s x-ray diffraction image of DNA.
16. How did this evidence affect the work of Watson and Crick?
A It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA.
B It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA.
C It was used to develop the theory of independent assortment.
D It was used to show that DNA was the molecule of inheritance.
5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3'
3' C A T G C A T T 5'
17. This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme
would replace them with
a. CGT B. GCA c. CTG d. GTA
18. During DNA replication, the wrong nucleotide was inserted in the DNA sequence. Which of the following terms
describes this situation?
a. mutation b. regeneration c. transcription d. translation
A portion of one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence : ACCTGAAGG
19. Assuming there are no mutations in this portion of the DNA, what is the corresponding sequence on the
complementary DNA strand?
a. ACCTGAAGG b. GTTCAGGAA c. TGGACTTCC d. UGGACUUCC
A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below.
Dye / Testacridine orange / stains DNA and RNA
osmium tetroxide / stains lipids
eosin / stains cell cytoplasm
Nile blue / stains cell nuclei
20. Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
a. acridine orange b. osmium tetroxide c. eosin d. Nile blue
21. Sickle-cell anemia is a disorder resulting from a mutation that leads to the production of an abnormal protein. Which component of the DNA molecule provides instructions for the production of the protein?
a. The phosphate group
b. The sugar molecules
c. The sequence of nitrogen bases
d. The bonds that hold the sugars to the bases
The following section focuses on sickle cell anemia.
Read the information below and use it to answer the four multiple-choice questions
Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects thousands of people in the United States and millions worldwide. Sickle cell anemia commonly occurs in groups whose ancestors came from Africa, as well as South America, Cuba, Central America, Saudi Arabia, India, and the Mediterranean.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the hemoglobin protein in red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia results in paleness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate due to a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood. When oxygen levels are low in an affected individual, the red blood cells become deformed into a curved, sickle shape. People with sickle cell anemia can experience swelling, pain, infection, and organ damage.
All individuals have two alleles for the gene that codes for the hemoglobin protein (Hb). Individuals with two Hb A alleles have normal, round red blood cells. Heterozygous individuals, with one Hb A allele and one Hb S allele, do not experience symptoms of the disease, but they may produce some sickle-shaped red blood cells. Individuals with two Hb S alleles have sickle cell anemia.
The diagrams to the right represent some of the steps in the formation of hemoglobin in two individuals, Y and Z. In these diagrams, only a small part of the hemoglobin gene sequence is represented.
Individual Y has two Hb A alleles and therefore produces normal red blood cells. Individual Z has two Hb S alleles and therefore produces sickle-shaped red blood cells.
22. Which of the following statements best describes why the change in only one DNA base of the hemoglobin gene results in a different protein product of the gene?
A. The change prevents mRNA from being made.
B. The change alters the amino acid sequence of the protein.
C. The change causes the blood cells to divide in an uncontrolled way.
D. The change creates a second strand of mRNA for each RNA molecule.
23. Which of the following cell structures carries out the process represented by the arrows labeled “2” in the diagrams?
a. Mitochondrion b. nucleus c. ribosome d. vacuole
24. Which of the following statements best summarizes a change that is represented by the arrows labeled “3” in the diagrams?
A. A nucleus is formed in each cell.
B. Each cell divides to form two daughter cells.
C. A chain of amino acids is folded to form a protein in each cell.
D. Proteins are transported through the plasma membrane of each cell.
25. Which of the following statements best compares individual Y and individual Z in terms of genotype and phenotype?
A. The individuals have the same genotype and the same phenotype.
B. The individuals have the same genotype but different phenotypes.
C. The individuals have different genotypes but the same phenotype.
D. The individuals have different genotypes and different phenotype.