ACTA
GRA• PH
JOURNALFORPRINTINGSCIENCEAND
ACTAGRAPH.18(2006)1-4,1-40
Contents
Researchpapers
Environmentaldata on gravure and offset printing
M. EnrothM.Johansson
Aprojectionofautomatedbook
productioncontrol1
M. Barisic
StudiesofInk TrappingIll
Directdetectionofsmallair bubblesinink layer1
/.Naito/ Y. TsuzahA.Ohto/ Y.Nitta
Multicolorgraphicpicturewith
originalringraster element2
;.ZiljakVujic
Environmentprotection
EditedbyZ Bolanca3
News3
Papers publishedin Acta Graphicajournalhave been reviewedby twoindependentexperts
).ZIL)AK VU)IC:MULTICOLORGRAPHICPICTUREWITH.....,ACTAGRAPH.18(2006)1-4,25-2925
ACTAGRAPH.170UDC655.2:778.18:004.9
Researchpaper
Received:10-11-2005
Accepted:27-06-2006
Multicolorgraphic picturewithoriginalring rasterelement
JanaZiljak Vujic
Author
janaZiljakVujic, M. Sc.,SeniorlecturerattheTechnicalCollege
Konavoska2,Hr-70000Zagreb,Croatia
E-mail:
Abstract
Thispaper deals withgraphicsand color rastering using new rasterforms aswellasrastercombinationsin vector andapixel graphics,with combiningboth graphicsinthesamedocument.Theunwantedincrease or decrease ofcolorcoverage depends most of all on thefringe volumelength borderingthe rasterelement. Theidea ofthis research work istofind aform altersintheleastextent therasterelementfringe volumein respect toitsincrease ordecrease. Theinnovationinthisresearch work isnotonly inthefactthattheraster element'svolumeisaltered intheminimaldegree,but alsothat itdoes not change atall with thecovering capacityincrease ordecrease. Thesolutionledinthedirectionofcreatingsucharasterelementthathasat leasttwo independentshells where one increases insizetogether withtherasterelementincrease, and the other onedecreaseswhen therasterelementsizeincreases.Wehavenamed thisrasterform as thering form duetoitssimilaritywithaclassical smooth ring.
Keywords
Dotgain,Ring rastering,PostScript.
1.Thegraphicrasterproblem
Reproductionofgraphicworksofartby means of print is carried out withthe helpof rastering. Raster element forms have been the following: rounddot,rhomband linebecausethey couldbe produced by optomechanical methods. In this paper the terms rasterelementor raster dotapply toevery rasterelementregardlessoftheirbeingin the formof a rounddot, ellipse,square,line or
The raster dot issituated insidean area namedas therastercell.Forsingle color printingimitating grayness,therastercell containsawhiteand black surface by means ofwhichone hasthe impression of grayness dependingon the coveringratio.This blacksurface represents theblackdot.
The term dot gain is also linkedwiththe raster
26).Zll)AKVU)IC:MULTICOLORGRAPHICPICTURE WITH.....,ACTA GRAPH.18(2006)1-4,25-
and whitesurfaceratiomayappearwhencarrying out the printed formproductionand printing. Wideningand narrowingof the raster dot depend on the production material:colors,toners, inks, paperand processessuchas: intoxicatingquality, narrowing.These parametershavea differentperformancefor each differentprintingtechnique. This problemis not as great in printingwithlow lineature,whereasitisquiteprominentwhenhigh lineaturesand large blackareasareconcerned.
By combiningdifferentraster formsinmulticolor printingwe are approachinganewexperimental chapterinreproductionphotography,and hereby
graphicartproducedin this mannerisbecoming real challengeinthe graphicdesignofsecurities.
2.Modelingofthe ring raster element
Mathematicalmethodsareappliedsuccessfullya openup newareas in carryingout individualizdesigntasks. The first step is in creatingt mathematicalrelationin three-dimensionalform the standardunit cell requiredby the PostScrinterpreter for carrying out the rasteringwiprinting techniques. The ratio that includes t
fringeconditionsofunitspacefollows:
inprintingaswell.Thespecialvisualqualityof
Z=Abs[Sin[Sqrt[(xA2+yA2))*L)),for positive.
Picture7-Ring raster form with coveragefromthe ringcentertowardsthe cellcenterand fringe.
And Z=Abs[l-Sin[Sqrt[(xA2+yA2)]*L] ],fornegativ
Picture2-Ringraster with negativefillingandsimultaneouscoverageadvancingfromthe centerandfringes
Definitionin PostScript:
{dupmulexchdupmuladdsqrtL
mulsinabs}binddef
that inthe executiveparttakes twopiecesof data fromthe memorystack toprepresentingthe micro positionof the xand yresolutionof the exposure unitin buildingthe raster element.
dupmulexchx2 dupmuly2
addx2+y2
The raster elementin the proposedringformh the external(r2) and interior(r1) fringewithtwdifferentvalues.
).ZILJAKVUJI(:MULTICOLORGRAPHIC PICTUREWITH.....,ACTA GRAPH.18(2006)1-4,25-2927
Theexpandingofthe raster cellcoveringcapacity enhancestheexternalvolume,and equally diminishesthe internalcirclevolume.This resultsin the conclusion that the sum of the raster elements volumeisalwaysequaland does not dependon the rastercellcoveringcapacity.Color waste, enhancing or diminishing is most often
linkedwiththe rasterelementvolume.
In the auxiliary programnamedRingall the instructions aregivenonbasisoforiginalPostScript commands(*6).ParameterLisanexceptionandhas thevalue ofL=120forthisring form. Itispossible todesignvector concentratedringswith parameter Las partsofarasterdot. Theexecutiveprogramsolution was tested for vector and pixel graphics. The
lineatureisgiven as5to45linespercentimeter.
------a------
------a------
0=2r;]f+2r2lf r2=.!!.-r,
2
0=2r;]f+2(-r,)lf
r1
0=2r,lf+alf-2r,lf
0=alf
Picture3-Independenceofthe rasterelementvolumeandthe blackening
5
9585
7565
10
55453525155
Picture4-Ring raster.Itisdiscussedinthis paperintermsofpositiveand negative
5
9585756555
10
453525155
Picture5-Thenegativering rasterelementforL=120 formsadualityofcircular and sharpstructuresforgreatercoveringcapacity
28j.ZILJAKVUJIC:MULTICOLORGRAPHICPICTUREWITH.....,ACTA GRAPH.18(2006)1-4,25-
Astheoriginalprogramisalsoenclosedhereto,itis possibletouseitandtestmanyother applications.
Colorsolutionshave been tested for bothtypes of pixeland vectorgraphics.In all casesthey behave wellwhenthey areprintedon digitalprintingunits
and onphotounits forhighqualityresults.
3.Multicolorportrait rasteringwith aringraster
Four colorprintingwas carriedout on aportrin pixelgraphicshavinga very lowlineatureordertoseethe raster dot withthe nakedeye.
/a3def/b30def2020translate
/kut45def/lin5def/sivo1deflinkut{prsten}bindsetscreen
By rasteringindividual images withthe help of designed raster dot we are carryingout a ve
complex graphic task where the result is t
200{00movetaabakvirsivasetgray
productionof very attractivepiecesof graphica
20translate/sivasiva0.005subdef
The secret lies in the fact that by using rast
fill}repeat-40040translate
elements such as, forinstance, the triang
/kut35def/lin15def/siva0def
/kut25def/lin25def/sivo1def
(Typography 03 *5), square,circlein carryingo the image rastering we have as a result
/kut15def/lin35def/siva0def
completelynew picture-graphicworkofart.Ne
rasteringforms give a fair imageinterpretation,
Program6:Continuousblackeningprogramwith angle and lineaturechangeforringrasterelements.
graphicworkof art in fact. Ifitiswelldesigned, may reach ahighartisticlevel.
Picture6-Continuousblackeningwith angleand lineaturechaneeforringrasterelements
cijan magentaerna
•
.
. ' .
0
•.'•It
'.
Picture7-Color rosets withringraster
).ZILJAKVUJIC:MULTICOLORGRAPHICPICTURE WITH.....,ACTA GRAPH.18(2006)1-4,25-292
4.Conclusion andscientificcontribution
withinaunitspaceborderingthe raster form.Uptilnowithas beenassumedthat suchformdoesno
Thescientificcontribution is the newrasterform thatprovidesindependenceofthe rasterelement
existeventheoretically,so that additional research
workwas carriedoutonlyto minimalizethe rati
volumeandthe blackeninginthe dotgainareaof
betweenblackeningand the raster elementvolume
reproductionphotographyresearch.An outline is
The results of this work havebeencarriedout
giventestedthroughthe Mathematicaprogram in
tested and with this goal in mind a minima
3Dand20visualizationoffringeconditionsset by PostScript rastering. Such form has been reachedbyfindingtheratiothathas twoshellsin
20andispossibleinthePostScriptinterpretation
5.References
PostScriptprogramhas beenattachedthat makesipossibletoprovethe assertionsputforward inthi paper.Atthe sametimeitmaybeused asabasis fo furtherinvestigationofraster cellform.
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