Energy Study Guide 4th Grade Test on Friday March 29, 2013
The test over energy covers a lot of information. Students will be ready when test time comes.
Vibration: Back and forth motion. (This is what causes sounds to occur). Fast vibration is high pitched. Slow is low pitched.
Sound wave: An area of bunched-up and spread-out particles that move outward in all directions.
Wavelength: The distance from the top of one wave to the top of the next.
Frequency: The number of wavelengths that pass a reference point in a given amount of time.
Pitch: The highness or lowness of a sound as determined by its frequency.
Volume: The loudness or softness of a sound. More energy is louder (tall wave). Less energy is softer (short wave).
Sound travels through medium, to skin, bone and nerves to brain.
Heat: The movement on thermal energy from warmer to cooler objects. Could be produced by fire, chemical reaction, friction..
Conduction: The transfer of energy between two objects that are touching.
Convection: The transfer of energy by flowing gases or liquid, such as the rising of warm air from a heater.
Radiation: The transfer of energy through space, such as the sun warming earth.
Insulator: A material that slows or stops the flow of energy, such as heat, electricity, and sound. Examples include: wool, wood, rubber and plastic.
Conductor: A material through which heat or electricity flows easily. Examples are: cooper, iron and other metals.
Translucent: Letting only some light through, so that objects on the other side appear blurry.
Transparent: Letting all or most light through so that objects on the other side can be seen clearly.
Opaque: Completely blocking light from passing through.
Refraction: The bending of light as it passes from one transparent material into another (think about a straw in a cup of water, it looks/appears bent).
Reflection: The bouncing of light waves off a surface, such as a mirror (bounces like a ball in a predictable path)
White reflects light, black absorbs light
Concave: Curves inward.
Convex: Bulges outward.
Light is a form of energy that travels in waves and in straight lines when it hits a flat object it bounces off.
Resistance: Something that uses electricity: tv, radio, computer, video games, flashlight, etc.
Simple Circuit: A circuit with only one path and only one resistance
Series Circuit: A circuit with more than one resistance but only one path (if one goes out, they all go out).
Parallel Circuit: A circuit with two or more paths (would have brightest light).
Closed Circuit: Allows the current to flow through it (the light is on)
Open Circuit: Does not allow the current to flow through it (the light is off)
Current: Flowing electricity
Sound, heat and light are all forms of energy