Endocrine Vocabulary Quiz

Matching

Answer / Definition / Term
  1. the butterfly-shaped gland in the anterior throat, overlying the larynx that is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It secretes T4 & T3 that are important in increasing the rate of cellular metabolism.
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  1. Acromegaly:

  1. a third type of chemical classification of local hormones that are made from highly active lipids found in nearly all cell membranes. They respond & stimulate smooth muscles of arterioles or uterus; increase HCl & pepsin secretion by stomach; cause platelet aggregation; cause constriction of bronchioles, increase inflammation & pain; induce fever.
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  1. Cretinism:

  1. minute clusters of cells that produce hormones that contain 2 major types of hormone producing cells 1) alpha cells & 2) beta cells.
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  1. Cushing’s Disease:

  1. a disease where you get buffalo hump, water retention, high blood pressure, & a moon face.
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  1. Diabetes Mellitus:

  1. Disorder is due to hypo-activity of insulin. When insulin activity is absent or deficient, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because glucose is unable to be absorbed into most tissue cells.
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  1. Goiters:

  1. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood leads to this disease characterized by unproportional appendage growth.
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  1. Hormones:

  1. hyposecretion of thyroxine in childhood leads to this disease.
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  1. Hypothalamus:

  1. the gland referred to as the neuroendocrine gland. Regulates anterior pituitary hormone release
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  1. Insulin:

  1. a hormone secreted by beta cells in the pancreas that decrease blood glucose levels
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  1. Islets of Langerhans:

  1. during late middle age the efficiency of the ovaries begins to decline causing the “change of life” where a woman’s reproductive organs begin to atrophy & the ability to bear children ends.
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  1. Menopause:

  1. a tiny, yellow-brown glands embedded in the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland. There are usually 4–8 of these glands that secretes this hormone which increases blood calcium levels.
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  1. Negative Feedback System

  1. specific cells or organs that a given hormone influences
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  1. Oxytocin

  1. tiny, pine-cone shaped gland in the brain that secretes melatonin & is important to sexual maturation & regulates the biological clock.
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  1. Parathyroid Gland:

  1. Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.
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  1. Pineal Gland:

  1. an enlargement of the thyroid gland that results from a lack of iodine in the diet. Causes a knot to appear in the anterior neck.
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  1. Pituitary Gland:

  1. chemical messengers released into the blood by endocrine glands that affect specific cells or organs.
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  1. Prostaglandins:

  1. can enter the nucleus, diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells, activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis & bind to receptor proteins in the nucleus. They are also lipid soluble.
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  1. Steroids:

  1. a pea-sized master gland found in the sella turcia of the brain. It has 2 major lobes.
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  1. Target Organ/Cells:

  1. In such a system, hormone secretion is triggered by some internal or external stimulus, after which rising hormone levels inhibit further hormone release. The net effect is to decrease the original stimulus or reduce its effects, slowing the activity or shutting it off entirely.
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  1. Thyroid Gland

  1. Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes uterine contractions & stimulates milk production.
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  1. Tropic Hormones: