AP WORLD HISTORY
End-of-Year Review: Essential Questions Unit THREE
Key Concept Questions / Possible Comparative Question / Possible Comparative Essay Response (evidence, reasons)Possible CCOT Question / Possible CCOT Essay Responses
(changes, continuities, evidence)
Unit THREE: Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange
Networks
1. What were the changes and continuities over time in the size and number of trade networks from the previous era (600 BCE-600 CE) to this one? (600 CE-1450 CE)?
2. What were the effects of migration in the post-classical era?
3. What fostered cross-cultural exchanges during this time period?
4. What were the biological effects of post-classical trade? / Compare the methods of trade of the empires of the Americas and Eurasia in the post-classical era. / ● Silk Roads-caravans, trading on foot (Eurasia)
● Incan Messenger system- information trade on foot (Americas)
● Indian Ocean trade routes- Trade via routes on the Indian Ocean between Africa and Eurasia
● Eurasian trade routes interconnected several societies
● The America’s lacked trade routes besides the Incan Messenger system of migration of peoples.
● Eurasia had an enormous amounts of goods, ideas, and technology to trade with versus the Americas.
What were the changes and continuities over time in method of trade in Eurasia in the post-classical era? / ● There are more continuities versus changes
● Silk Roads began with steppe peoples trading with their agricultural neighbors
● Periods of stagnation in which the Silk Roads weren’t used.
● When the Mongols ruled China, made the Silk Roads safer in the takeover.
● Methods of trade remained the same; caravans and ships.
● Luxury goods to more mainstream products
Unit THREE: Continuity & Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions
1. What are the similarities and differences between Eurasian state-building in this period and Eurasian state-building in the classical period?
2. How did states develop in the Americas in the post-classical period?
3. What technological and cultural exchanges did states encourage during the post-classical period? / Compare a post-classical empire from the Americas to one from Europe. / Inca vs. China (Song Dynasty)
● Both had one leader with lower officials leading smaller regions
● China had interactions with other people meaning there were different religions and race within the empire unlike the isolated Inca
● Both were rich and well-organized
● Both had education systems for the elite, China offered social mobility
● Both had advanced infrastructure, China more so for its age and location in the middle of an advancing Eurasia
What were the changes and continuities in the way states were organized in the Americas between 600-1450 CE? / ● Most civilizations developed as theocracies before developing into more democratic oligarchies.
● Mayans had a highly fragmented city-state system that never succeeded in unification
● Moche had a ruling class of warrior priests while the Inca’s had a singular “Inca” that ruled. The Inca’s maintained this style of rule.
● In North America there were similar conditions with the Chaco and Cahokia tribes with elite ruling class that stayed in power until the end.
Unit THREE: Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences
1. What stimulated agricultural and industrial production in many regions?
2. What caused the growth and decline of urban centers during this time period?
3. What were changes and continuities in labor systems during the post-classical period?
4. What were changes and continuities in social and gender hierarchies during the post-classical period? / Compare the economic policies of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. / Umayyad
● The military aristocracy became ruling class.
● Foreign trade expanded.
● Educated Jews and Christians, many of them Greek, found employment in the caliphal courts, where they studied and practiced medicine, alchemy, and philosophy.
Abbasid
● Islamic Golden Age
● Baghdad's economy relied on taxes, and wealth generated by trade and manufacturing.
● Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill.
● Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century.
What were the changes and continuities over time of socioeconomic policies of the dynasties of China before and after Mongolian rule? / Song vs. Ming
● Song was civilian ruled, greater concentration of power in the emperor
● Censorate (agency the exercised surveillance over the rest of the government) was established in the Song, joining the other Five Ministries.
● Revival of examination system for both the Ming and Song.
● China was very prosperous under both the Ming and Song.
● Extensive trade in both dynasties.
● Ming launched large maritime expeditions.
● Internal reconstruction under Ming.