End-of-chapter test

Chapter 2 Mark scheme Foundation

Question number / Answer / Marks / Level/
Band / Guidance
1 a / geostationary orbit – satellites stay over the same position on Earth all the time.
low Earth orbit (LEO) – satellites orbit below 1000 km from the Earth.
polar orbit – satellites travel over the North Pole and South Pole. / 2 / Level 4 Developing / 2 marks – all correct
1 mark – one correct
1 b / gravity
moon / 1
1 / Level 3 Developing
2 a / generate / 1 / Level 3 Developing
2 b / fast
strong
coil / 3 / Level 3 Developing
3 a / 15 billion years / 1 / Level 4 Developing
3 b / (1)
5
2
4
3
(6) / 3 / Level 4 Developing / 3 marks – all correct
2 marks – two correct
1 mark – one correct
4 a / left hand box – heliocentric
right hand box - geocentric / 1
1 / Level 4 Developing
4 b i / heliocentric / 1 / Level 4 Developing
4 b ii / Galileo Galilei / 1 / Level 4 Developing
5 / transmitter
frequencies
carrier
aerial / 1
1
1
1 / Level 4 Developing
6 / Alpha particle – The nucleus of a helium atom
Beta particle – An electron
Gamma ray – An electromagnetic wave
Half-life – The time is takes for the radiation per second to fall to one half
Radiation – Waves or particles emitted from radioactive materials / 4 / Level 4 Developing / 4 marks – all correct
3 marks – three correct
2 marks – two correct
1 mark – one correct
7 a / Two inventions from:
water filters
shock-absorbing materials for sports equipment and clothing
advances in computing / 2 / Level 5 Secure / One mark for each correct answer. Credit other sensible suggestions.
7 b / Two disadvantages from:
cost
dangers of space travel, for example, from solar flares, possible explosions, computer malfunction, or failure of parachutes to open / 2 / Level 5
Secure / One mark for each correct answer. Credit other sensible suggestions.
8 a / The reading is zero. / 1 / Level 5
Secure
8 b / The reading is negative/the needle moves the other way. / 1 / Level 5
Secure
8 c / The potential difference
for different numbers of coils. / 1
1 / Level 5
Secure
8 d / more coil = bigger potential difference / 1 / Level 5
Secure
8 e / number of coils / 1 / Level 5
Secure
8 f / You need to control the speed of the magnet.
Which is difficult to measure/control. / 1
1 / Level 6
Secure
9 a / Jupiter’s moons are in orbit around Jupiter. / 1 / Level 6
Secure
9 b / retrograde (motion) / 1 / Level 6
Secure
9 c / Retrograde motion could be explained by both (geo/helo centric) models of the solar systems.
The explanation using the heliocentric model was simpler. / 2 / Level 6
Secure
10 a / B and C / 2 / Level 6
Secure / No credit for all three
10 b (QWC) / Risks from:
·  ionising radiation causing mutations in cells
·  mutations in cells can lead to cancer
Benefits from:
·  treating cancer (radiotherapy)
·  medical tracers for diagnosis
·  sterilising medical equipment
·  irradiating/sterilising food
·  to identify the atomic structure (in the case of Rutherford)
Students should include in their answers at least two risks and two benefits, up to six points, and a concluding statement based on their discussion. / 6 / Level 6 Secure / Students should be marked on the use of good English, organisation of information, spelling and grammar, and correct use of scientific terms.

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