Emeritus, Stateuniversityofnewyorkatstonybrook

Test Bank

for

DeviantBehavior

TenthEdition

ErichGoode

Emeritus, StateUniversityofNewYorkatStonyBrook

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 10: 0-205-90026-7

ISBN 13: 978-0-205-90026-8

CONTENTS

CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTION: What Is Deviance?

True-FalseQuestions

1) Sergio Cicero Zapata, a former top executive at Wal-Mart de Mexico, revealed that bribes were paid to local government officials to obtain permits and favorable contracts to open stores in Mexico; only the most superficial investigation was conducted and the matter was shelved.

(True,p. 2)

2) Almost everyone abides by all the rules all the time.

(False,p. 4).

3) Nearlyallpeopletodaybelieveintheaxiom,“liveandletlive”;theydo notmakeevaluations of otherson thebasis of theirbehavior.

(False,p. 4)

4) One of the four necessary ingredients for deviance to take place is an audience, someone who judges the normative violation to be wrong.

(True,p. 4)

5) Religiousviews areoff-limitsfor thesociologistof deviance. (False,p. 5)

6) One necessarycomponentof what’s deviantistheexistenceof aruleor anorm. (True,p. 5).

7) One necessarycomponentof what’s deviantistheviolationof aruleor anorm. (True,p. 5)

8) Devianceisatrans-historical,cross-culturalconceptthatapplieseverywhereandthroughout history.

(True,p. 5)

9) “Societal”devianceis madeup of thoseactions,beliefs,or traitsthatarewidelyrecognizedin advanceandingeneraltobeobjectionableandworthy of condemnation.(True,p. 6)

10) Sociologistsof devianceonlystudyserious violationsof moralcodes,such as theTen

Commandments. (False,p. 4).

11) Theterms“deviance”and“deviant”arenon-pejorative;theyaredescriptivetermsthat sociologistsuse torefertowhatmembersof asociety,or socialcirclesinasociety,thinkor how theyreacttobehavior,beliefs,andtraitstheyconsiderunacceptable.

(True,p. 5)

12) “Situational”devianceisasociety-wideattributewhichappliesinallsocialcirclesinagiven society.

(False,p. 6)

TestBank forGoode,DeviantBehavior,10/e

13) Sociologistsof devianceendorsethestatement,“Everythingisdeviant.” (False,p. 6)

14) Sociologically,racialandethniccharacteristicscanberegardedas atypeof deviance.

(True, pp. 11, 13)

15) Sociologistsof deviancestudyonlymotivatedbehavior;involuntarily-acquiredundesirable conditions,such as blindnessanddwarfismcannotberegardedas deviancebecausetheyarenot theperson’s fault.

(False,p. 10)

16) Among themembersof amajorityof biologydepartmentsaroundthecountry,believingin biblicalcreationismisregardedas deviant.

(True,p. 9)

17) Beliefsaredevianttotheextentthattheyareobjectivelyandempiricallywrong.

(False,p.9)

18) In theUnitedStates,themajorityof thepopulationregardsatheismas deviant. (True,p. 9)

19) Somedeviantbeliefsarefactuallycorrect. (True,p. 9)

20) Sincemostphysicalconditionsarenotthepossessor’s fault,itissociologicallyunacceptable torefertothemas deviant.

(False,p. 10)

Chapter1Introduction: What is Deviance?

MultipleChoiceQuestions

1) Sociologically,deviance: (a)onlyreferstobehavior

(b) onlyreferstoblemishesof individualcharacter

(c)onlyreferstobeliefs

(d) onlyreferstophysicaltraitsorcharacteristics

*(e)noneof theabove;deviancecanrefertoallof theabove

(pp. 5-9)

2) AccordingtothetypologyspelledoutinErvingGoffman’s book Stigma--andaccordingto mostsociologistsof devianceas well--incontemporaryAmerica,blemishesof individual characterinclude:

*(a)alcoholism

(b) physicaldeformities

(c)blindness

(d) beingJewish

(e)noneof theabove

(pp. 11, 16)

3) Most sociologistsofdeviancearguethat:

(a)Sinceitisunfairtolabelsomeonewithaphysicalhandicapas adeviant, havingaphysicalhandicapisnotregardedas deviant.

(b) Sincelyingandcommittingadulteryareextremelycommon,lyingand committingadulteryarenotregardedas formsofdeviance.

(c)Sincenearlyeverythingisconsidereddevianttosomeone,we arealldeviants. (d) Sinceeverythingcanbedeviant,devianceisameaninglessconcept

*(e)noneof theabove

(pp. 6, 8-9)

4) Whyarecourses thatarecalled“DeviantBehavior”slightlymisnamed? (a)Theyaren’taboutdeviantbehavioratall.

(b) Theyaren’taboutbehavioratall. (c)Theyaren’taboutdevianceatall.

*(d) Theconcept,“socialdeviance,”refersnotonlytobehaviorthatisdesignated as deviant,butalsobeliefsandtraitsthatareregardedas deviantas well.

(e)noneof theabove

(p. 7)

Test Bank for Goode, Deviant Behavior, 10/e

5) Whichof thefollowingisnota“necessaryingredient”thatdefinesdeviance? (a)theexistenceof aruleor anorm

(b) someonewho violates--orwho isthoughttoviolate--anorm

(c)an“audience”:oneor morepersons who evaluatesomethingtobeanormativeviolation

(d) acertainlikelihoodthatoneor moreaudienceswillreactnegativelytoaperceived normativeviolation

*(e)noneof theabove;allarenecessaryingredientsthatdefinewhat’sdeviant

(p.4)

6) Tothesociologistof deviance,whenconsideringwhethersomethingisdeviantor not,the mostrelevantquestionis:

(a)How does God feelaboutit?

(b) Does itviolatehumannature?

*(c)How do relevantaudiencesfeelaboutitandreacttoit?

(d) How uncommonor statisticallyinfrequentisit?

(e)noneof theaboveisa sociologicallyrelevantquestion

(p. 10)

7) Most of theformsof deviancediscussed incourses andtextbookson devianceare:

*(a)behavioral

(b) abominationsof thebody

(c)violationsof estheticstandards

(d) unconventionalbeliefs

(e)tribalstigmaof race,nation,andreligion

(p. 7)

8) Cognitivedevianceincludes:

*(a)holdingunpopular,unconventional,unorthodox,or despisedreligiousbeliefs

(b) organizationaldeviance

(c)tribalstigmaof race,nation,andreligion

(d) alcoholism,addiction,andhomosexuality

(e)noneof theabove

(p. 8)

9) Sociologically:

(a)Achievedstatusescanbethebasis for judgmentsof deviance;ascribed statusescannot.

(b) Ascribedstatusescanbethebasis for judgmentsof deviance;achieved statusescannot.

*(c)Bothachievedandascribedstatusescanbethebasis for judgmentsof deviance

(d) Neitherachievednor ascribedstatusescanbethebasis for judgmentsof deviance.

(e)noneof theabove

(p. 10)

Chapter1Introduction: What is Deviance?

10) In definingwhat’s deviant,sociologistsrejecttheconceptof:

*(a)absolutism

(b) relativism

(c)“audiences”

(d) empiricalreality

(e)noneof theabove

(pp. 11, 17)

11) Theformof deviancethatGoffmandoesnotincludeinhistypologyisstigmaof: (a)race,religion,andnation

(b) abominationsof thebody

(c)blemishesof individualcharacter

*(d) organizationaldeviance

(e)noneof theabove;allareincludedinGoffman’stypology

(p. 8)

12) Totheconstructionist,devianceexistsbecause:

(a)Certainbehaviorisimmoraleverywhereandfor alltime. (b) SomebehaviorviolatesGod’s law.

(c)Itis factuallyandempiricallywrong.

(d) Itiscausedby certainforcesthatcanbeexplained.

*(e)noneof theabove

(p. 14)

13) Theperspectivethatasks thequestion,“Whydo somepeopleengageindeviance?”is:

*(a)positivism

(b) socialconstructionism

(c)definingdeviancyup

(d) definingdeviancydown

(e)thestudyof culturalrepresentations

(p. 13)

14) ExcludedfromGoffman’sconceptof “blemishesofindividualcharacter”is: (a)unemployment

(b) alcoholism

(c)treacherousandrigidbeliefs

(d) mentaldisorder

*(e)physicalincapacitation

(p. 8)

Test Bank for Goode, Deviant Behavior, 10/e

15) AccordingtoAdlerandAdler’s“ABCs” of deviance:

(a)Behaviorcanbethebasis forjudgmentsof deviance,butphysicaltraits cannot.

(b) Physicaltraitscanbethebasisfor judgmentsof deviance,butbehavior cannot.

*(c)Bothbehaviorandphysicaltraitscanbethebasisfor judgmentsof deviance. (d) Neitherbehaviornotphysicaltraitscanbe thebasis for judgmentsof

deviance.

(e)noneof theabove

(p. 7)

16) Theprincipleof relativity--oneofthefoundation-stonesoftheconceptof deviance--applies: (a)acrosssocieties,butnotthroughtime

(b) throughtime,butnotacross societies

*(c)bothacross societiesandthroughtime

(d) neitheracrosssocietiesnor throughtime (e)noneof theabove

(pp. 11-12)

17) Over time,deviancehas beendefined: (a)down, butnotup

(b) up, butnotdown

*(c)bothup anddown

(d) neitherup nor down (e)noneof theabove

(p. 12)

18) Sociologically,deviancetakesplaceor exists:

*(a)everywhereandanywherepeopleengageinbehavior,holdandexpress beliefs,andpossess traitsthatothersregardas unacceptableor reprehensible

(b) onlyamongthemarginal,disreputablesegmentsof thesociety

(c)onlyintheboardroomof largecorporationsandtheheadquartersof the military,thatis,onlyamongthemostpowerfulsegmentsof thesociety

(d) onlyintheprivate,secretcornersof thesociety

(e)noneof theabove

(p. 5)

19) Accordingtotheauthor:

(a)Only societaldevianceissociologicallyrelevant;situationaldevianceis irrelevant.

(b) Only situationaldevianceissociologicallyrelevant;societaldevianceis irrelevant.

*(c)Bothsocietalandsituationaldeviancearesociologicallyrelevant.

(d) Neithersocietalnor situationaldeviancearesociologicallyrelevant.(e) noneof theabove

(pp. 6-7)

Chapter1Introduction: What is Deviance?

20) One lesson we learnfromtheaccount,“What Is Sexual Harassment? Is It Deviant?,”isthat:

(a)Any actionthatgeneratespositivereactionsinsomeaudiencescannotbe

regardedas deviant.

(b) Enactorsof deviantbehaviorare“versatile”;iftheyengageindevianceinone areaof life,theyarealmostcertainlygoingtodo so in mostotherareasas well.

*(c)Actions that were common in the past have become uncommon today but they still happen.

(d) Deviantandcriminalbehaviorenactedduringone’s earlyyearscontinue throughoutone’s lifetime.

(e)noneof theabove

(pp. 19-21)

Essay Questions

1) Whatarethe“ABCs” of deviance?Whyareallthreeregardedas typesof deviance?How can sociologistsrefertotraitsorcharacteristicsthatare“nottheperson’s fault”as instancesof deviance?Is thisfair?Is itsociologicallymeaningful?Whataboutbelongingtoaparticularracial, national,or ethniccategory--canthisberegardedas aformof deviance?Whyor why not?

2) Does theprincipleof relativitymeanthatthesociologistscannotmakemoraljudgmentsatall? Whyor why not?

3) Citesomeinstancesof therelativityof devianceaccordingtovariationsfromonesocietyto another,throughtime,andinonesituationalcontextversus another.Do you believethatcertain actionsare“really,really”deviantinspiteof thefactthathavebeenaccepted,tolerated,evenin encouragedinsomeplaces,times,andcontexts?Is thesociologyof devianceimmoral inits acceptanceof moralandethicalrelativity?

4) What’sthedifferencebetween“societal”and“situational”deviance?Whyisthisdistinction important?Discuss somecasesthatexemplify“societal”butnot“situational”devianceandvice versa?

5) Spelloutasociologyof deviancethatisbasedon essentialism.Dothesamefor constructionism.Definitionsareneitherrightnor wrong, onlymoreorless usefulinhelpingus understandtheworld. Whichof thesetwo perspectivesdo you believetellsus moreabouthow theworld works?Whichisamorepowerfulvisionof socialreality?

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