EMBRYOLOGY & DEVELOPMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

The Genital Tract consists of:

1)Internal Organs:

Ovaries: The first internal organ to develop.

Hindgut  Germ cells (Stem Cells)

By 25th day the Primordial Germ Cells (Hindgut)  (Mesentery) and groove (Genital Bridge)

Genital bridge grooves more bilaterally and starts to elongate and then fold until it rounds  The Coelomic Cavity

By 30th day the Mesentery appears  Mesonephric duct

(Wolffian); Urinary Tract

Paramesonephric Duct

(Mullerian Duct),

By the 7th week:

Female:

No inhibiting factor.

Mesonephric Duct will degenerate.

Paramesonephric Duct  Primitive Follicle  Stroma (Ovary)

Suspensory ligament will hold the ovaries in position

(When absent will move down into inguinal canal)

Male:

Mullerian inhibitor Mullerian degenerate (Paramesonephric)

Wolffian Duct grows  germ cells differentiate into testis

No suspensory ligaments  Testis goes down into the scrotum

(Suspensory ligament abnormality  un-descending testis

Cancer risk

Empty Scrotum)

In Overectomy there is a 1% chance of developing ovarian cancer from the Coelomic cavity.

Old age and congenital anomaly  Infertility, abortion and an abnormal baby.

Fallopian Tube, Uterus, Cervix & Upper Vagina:

We have two Mullerian Ducts:

The upper portion of the paramesonephric duct (Mullerian)  Open and fold  Fallopian Tube

The lower portion; Tubes fuse together  Uterus, cervix, upper portion of the vagina

(The upper portion not fused  Bicornuate Uterus (Heart shaped uterus)

(One Mullerian Duct Unicornuate Uterus + Rudimentary horn)

(Septum does not fuse wholly Septated uterus)

Lower Vagina:

2)External Organs:

Lower portion of the vagina

Valvula:

Mon Pubis

Hymin

Labia Majora

Labia Minora

Clitoris

Glands

Vestibule

Superficial Perianal Muscles

Ectodermal in origin:

Urogenital Sinus Fold Urogenital Septum Separates Hindgut and Midgut

Urogenital sinus Septum will divide:

Anterior: Urethra

Middle: Lower Part of the Vagina

Posterior: Lower portion of rectum and anus

Cephalic end swellingGentile Tubercle Clitoris

(Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia  more androgen  Enlarged clitoris, Hirstusim)

Urogenital Membrane Fold & swell (Laterally) Labia Majora

Thin inside membraneFold& swell  Labia Minora

Two Paraurethral glands(Seken’s Glands):

Male  Enlarge  Prostate

Bartholine Glands:

Medial aspect of labia minora

Not palpable but gives vaginal secretions

3)Testis:

Hindgut  Testis

Androgens and Testosterone  Convoluted Tubules (Rete) Sex Cords More foldsMesnephric (Wolffian Duct):

Wolffian Tip Mesonephric Duct Gonads (Testis) Epididymis

Seminal Vesicles

Ejaculated Ducts

 Paramesonephric (Mullerian)  Degenerate

Urogenital Sinus  Anterior: Base diffuses and growsPenis and Urethra

Middle: Degenerate

The membranes will thicken fold and fuse Scrotum.

Genital Tubercle  Penis

Gubernaculum Degenerate suspensory ligaments  Testis will move down into the scrotum.

4)Prostate:

Originates from urethral dorsal wall

Corresponding to Skin Glands

Origin of ovaries? Hindgut.

Cells name? Germ cells.

Where will they migrate? To ceolomic cavity

Ovaries are internal or external organs? Internal.

How is it held in place? By suspensory ligament.

The upper portion of the vagina originates from?Lower Mullerian duct

Mullerian Duct will give? Fallopian Tube, Uterus, cervix and upper portion of the vagina.

Lower portion of the vagina comes from? Urethral sinus

Corresponding:

Clitoris  Penis

Seken’s Glands  Prostate

Laibia Majora  Scrotum

Ovaries  Testis

Fallopian Tube  Epididymis

Name the structure?

Bartholine Gland

What is its function?

Vaginal secretions and lubrication.

Name a disease?

Bartholine abscess

Bartholine Cyst.