Electronic Supplementary Material

FIGURE S1. Histogram of number of locations for each species, bin width equals 1, solid vertical line and number to the left represent median, long dash line and number to the right represents the mean.

FIGURE S2. Histogram of unprotected area proportion for each species in different Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), mg stands for MRI-CGCM3, ip stands for IPSL-CM5A-LR, and gf stands for GFDL-CM3, rcp26 and rcp85 representing increased global mean temperatures by an average of 1.0 and 2.0 °C by 2100 respectively. In each scenario, solid vertical line and number to the left represent median, long dash line and number to the right represents the mean.

FIGURE S3. Histogram of unprotected area proportion with partly protected areas as unprotected for each species in different Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), mg stands for MRI-CGCM3, ip stands for IPSL-CM5A-LR, and gf stands for GFDL-CM3. rcp26 and rcp85 representing increased global mean temperatures by an average of 1.0 and 2.0 °C by 2100 respectively. In each scenario, solid vertical line and number to the left represent median, long dash line and number to the right represents mean.

Scenarios / Species in total / Based on restrictiveness / Based on restrictiveness / 50% conserved / 50% conserved / 20% conserved / 20% conserved
2000 / 68 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
rcp26ip / 54 / 4 / 0.0741 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
rcp85ip / 55 / 3 / 0.0545 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
rcp26mg / 45 / 1 / 0.0222 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
rcp85mg / 50 / 2 / 0.0400 / 2 / 0.0400 / 0 / 0
rcp26gf / 58 / 3 / 0.0517 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
rcp85gf / 43 / 1 / 0.0233 / 1 / 0.0232 / 1 / 0.0232

Table S1. Detailed butterfly “gap species” numbers and proportions for different conservation targets under different Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), mg stands for MRI-CGCM3, ip stands for IPSL-CM5A-LR, and gf stands for GFDL-CM3, rcp26 and rcp85 representing increased global mean temperatures by an average of 1.0 and 2.0 °C by 2100 respectively, second column under same names represent proportions.

Scenarios / Species in total / Based on restrictiveness / Based on restrictiveness / 50% conserved / 50% conserved / 20% conserved / 20% conserved
2000 / 68 / 7 / 0.1029 / 55 / 0.8089 / 3 / 0.0441
rcp26ip / 54 / 16 / 0.2963 / 39 / 0.7222 / 9 / 0.1667
rcp85ip / 55 / 17 / 0.3090 / 45 / 0.8182 / 6 / 0.1091
rcp26mg / 45 / 8 / 0.1778 / 43 / 0.9556 / 8 / 0.1778
rcp85mg / 50 / 16 / 0.3200 / 46 / 0.9200 / 13 / 0.2600
rcp26gf / 58 / 17 / 0.2931 / 52 / 0.8965 / 8 / 0.1379
rcp85gf / 43 / 10 / 0.2325 / 39 / 0.9069 / 3 / 0.0697

Table S2. Detailed butterfly “gap species” numbers and proportions for different conservation targets under different Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), mg stands for MRI-CGCM3, ip stands for IPSL-CM5A-LR, and gf stands for GFDL-CM3, rcp26 and rcp85 representing increased global mean temperatures by an average of 1.0 and 2.0 °C by 2100 respectively, second columns under same names represent proportions. Partly protected grids (buffer zones) were considered as unprotected.

Scenarios / Hotspot number / Species in hotspots / Species in hotspots / Protected hotspots / Protected hotspots / Partly protected hotspots / Partly protected hotspots / Unprotected hotspots / Unprotected hotspots
2000 / 16 / 35 / 0.5147 / 4 / 0. 2500 / 6 / 0.3750 / 6 / 0.3750
rcp26ip / 9 / 21 / 0.3888 / 8 / 0.8888 / 1 / 0.1111 / 0 / 0
rcp85ip / 7 / 20 / 0.3636 / 4 / 0.5714 / 3 / 0.4285 / 0 / 0
rcp26mg / 28 / 22 / 0.4888 / 8 / 0.2857 / 17 / 0.6071 / 3 / 0.1071
rcp85mg / 21 / 18 / 0.3600 / 1 / 0.0476 / 3 / 0.1428 / 17 / 0.8095
rcp26gf / 14 / 20 / 0.3448 / 4 / 0.2857 / 5 / 0.3571 / 5 / 0.3571
rcp85gf / 23 / 21 / 0.4883 / 9 / 0.3913 / 5 / 0.2174 / 9 / 0.3913

Table S3. Detailed butterfly diversity hotspots numbers and proportions under different Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), mg stands for MRI-CGCM3, ip stands for IPSL-CM5A-LR, and gf stands for GFDL-CM3, second columns under same names represent proportions.