Electronic Supplementary Material (Esm) s3

ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL (ESM):

Title of the manuscript submitted:

The genus Ctenium (Poaceae - Chloridoideae - Chlorideae) in Africa

Hilda Maria Longhi-Wagner & Thomas Cope

(To be published online)

Complete list of material examined

1.  Ctenium canescens

central africa: cameroon. year 1938/1939, H. Jacques-Félix 453 (P).

west tropical africa: benin. 29 April 1914, F. Newton 8 (K, W); 25 Nov. 1983, A. Naegelé RPB/83-34 (K); Atlantique Department, Ouidah (Whydah), Dec. 1956, G. Don s.n. (BM, holotype of C. canescens); Littoral Department, Cotonou, 11 Dec. 1961, D. Froment 1017 (K). burkina faso. Nahouri Region, 6 km S de Kapori, on path to Sia, near Bouliron R., 17 Oct. 1969, H. Scholz 173 (K, P). ghana. without locality, s.d., P. Thonning 366 (C, holotype of Chloris pulchra); Brong-Ahafo Region, 14.6 miles N of Chiraa Village, on Sunyani-Wenchi road, 27 Sept. 1956, R. Rose Innes s.n. (GC 30148, K); Greater Accra Region. Accra Plains, 23 Sept. 1953, J. O. Ankrah s.n. (GC 20026, K); Accra-Ada road, 24 May 1951, S. A. Gyandu 16 (US); mile 13 on Ada road, 23 May 1954, C. D. Adams 2736 (K); Amisano marsh, near Cape Coast, 27 April 1962, J. B. Hall 2279 (K); Asabotchway Village, Western Accra Plains, 15 Sept. 1954, R. Rose Innes s.n. (GC 30051, K); near Banda, 15 Oct. 1960, R. Rose Innes s.n. (GC 31585, K); 3 miles S of Banda, 1 Dec. 1950, C. D. Adams G. K. Akpabla 4023 (K); 1 mile W of Basa: Kete Krachi – Attebubu road, 16 Oct. 1958, R. Rose Innes s.n. (GC 30606, K); summit of Gambaga Scarp near Nakpanduri, 17 Sept. 1963, R. Rose Innes s.n. (GC 32113, K); Makongo, 16 Nov. 1970, J. B. Hall Duodu s.n. (GC 42145, MO); 3 miles S of Lawra, 10 Oct. 1956, R. Rose Innes s.n. (K); Mengue Village: Wa-Ducie road, 9°58ꞌN, 2°19ꞌW, 17 Oct. 1963, R. Rose Innes s.n. (GC 32391, K); Menji Village, Oct. 1960, R. Rose Innes s.n. (GC 31576, K); Nabori Village: Damongo-Larabanga road, 9°09ꞌN, 10°52ꞌW, 16 Aug. 1963, R. Rose-Innes s.n. (GC 31964, K); Prampram, 9 Oct. 1953, J. K. Morton s.n. (K); Northern Region. Tale Village, Salaga – Bimbila road, 8°48ꞌN, 0°0.2ꞌW, 7 Oct. 1959, J. O. Ankrah s.n. (GC 20409, K); 10 Oct. 1959, J. O. Ankrah s.n. (K); Zuo Village, 29 Sept. 1957, J. O. Ankrah 38 (K); 7.5 miles on Tamala – Yendi road, 9°23ꞌN, 0°44ꞌW, 28 Sept. 1957, J. O. Ankrah s.n. (GC 20248, K); Upper West Region, 33 miles S of Lawra on road to Wa, near Nadawli Village, 10°20ꞌN, 2°38ꞌW, 10 Oct. 1956, R. Rose-Innes s.n. (GC 30303, K). ivory coast. Zanzan Region, entre Bouna et Saléyé, 18 Nov. 1966, Aké Assi 9305 (K); entre Saleyé et Wolobidi, au N de Boudoukou, 28 Dec. 1962, E. Adjanohoun 438-A (K). niger. Without locality, 15 Jan. 1962, D. Froment 1118 (K); Baikie’s Niger Expedition, year 1858, C. Barter s.n. (P); Expedition 1857 – 9, C. Barter s.n. (W). nigeria. Conf. Kuona & Techadda, year 1858, C. Barter s.n. (K, S); Bauchi State, 10 km S10 Bilini, 23 Oct. 1967, S. O. Magaji 1987 (P); Lagos State, Jos Plateau, Gindiri, 24 Oct. 1957, F. N. Hepper 1137 (K, P); Niger State, Minna Fuel Forest Reserve, 30 Dec. 1957, R. W. J. Keay s.n., FHI 37301 (K). togo. Savanes Region, 4 miles N of Sansanne Mango, on road to Dapango, 4 Oct. 1960, R. Rose Innes s.n. (GC 31419, K).

2. Ctenium concinnum

côte orientale d’afrique. s.d., R. P. Sacleux s.n. (P); Lerbe Reneé, July, R. P. Sacleux 2069 (P).

central africa: burundi. 16 March 1920, H. L. Shantz 723 (K, US); Ruseuyo Buyogona, 24 May 1952, G. Michel 4224 (BR); Bubanza Prov., Bubanza, Feb. 1968, J. Lewalle 2823 (BR, K); Bujumbura Prov., route Gakara, km 8, 3°30ꞌS, 29°22ꞌE, 22 March 1980, M. Reekmans 8764 (K, MO); Cibitoke Prov., Cibitoke, 21 March 1971, M. Reekmans 364 (MO), 21 March 1971, J. Lewalle 5357 (EA); Gitega Prov., Gitega, route vers Karuzi, Oct. 1970, J. Lewalle 5796 (BR); Kirundo Prov., Territ. NG 021, Nyakisozi, 6 Feb. 1974, M. Reekmans 3041 (EA, MO). central african republic. Haut-M'bomou Prov., Obo, route du Soudan PK 19, 29 Dec. 1963, B. Descoings 12182 (P). chad. Moundoulé, 13 Oct. 1964, J. Audru 1502 (P). Digue de Dobe, 12 Aug. 1964, J. Audru 728 (P). rwanda. Territ. Kabene, Ruzizi, March 1950, R. Germain 6468 (EA, L); Eastern Prov., Bugesera Distr., 7 Nov. 1953 L. Liben 910 (BR, MO). democratic republic of congo. Badisbanga, 17 Oct. 1956, L. Liben 1728 (BM); Chabara, 10°39ꞌS, 25°43ꞌE 11 April 1990, R. R. Brooks et al. 228 (BR, K, MO); Katanga Prov., 22 km au SW de Msipashi, 13 Feb. 1963, J. J. Symoens 10082 (K); Mundege, 17 May 1980, F. Malaisse 10798 (BR, MO); Region des Marungu, year 1914, E. Bovone 1920 (BR); Plateau des Biano, Jan. 1913, Homblé 1263 (BR); Mont Plateau, 23 Feb. 1969, S. Lisowski et al. 2988 (BR); Plateau des Kundelungu, 16 Feb. 1969, S. Lisowski, F. Malaisse & J. J. Symoens s. n. (BR), 19 Feb. 1969, S. Liwoski et al. 2660 (BR), 24 – 29 March 1969, S. Lisowski et al. 4018 (BR), 26 March 1969, S. Lisowski et al. 3550 (BR), 12 Jan. 1971, S. Lisowski et al. 13000 (K); Territ. Kamina, Lovoi-Kamina, March 1932, P. Quarré 2870(K). Kasai Oriental Prov., Territ. Dungu, Parc Nat. de la Garamba, 3 Sept. 1952, A. Noirfalise 785 (BR, K, L, M, US), 1 Sept. 1951, H. de Saeger 1457 (K); Kinshasa Prov., near Lake Albert, 1922 – 23, C. Close s.n. (BM, K, P), Msipashi, 13 Feb. 1963, J. J. Symoens s.n. (K). Kivu Prov., Territ. Bukavu, Feb. 1950, R. Germain 6168 (K); Territ. Kabare, route Mabaye, March 1950, R. Germain 6524 (EA, FT,K); Ruzizi, March 1950, R. Germain 6616 (EA). Orientale Prov., Territ. Mahagi, Nioka, year 1957, A. Taton 1584 (EA)

north-east tropical africa: ethiopia. Bidelumi, luoghi erbosi, 12 Sept. 1893, D. Riva 525 (1262) (FI); Arussi Prov., Journey through the Arussi and Boran Counties, year 1908, R. E. Drake-Brockman s.n. (K); Socora, 10 Nov. 1937, A. Vatova 892 (FT); Sidamo Prov., Gobbo Duaya presso Coromma Hamari Burgi, 3 Oct. 1893, D. Riva 180 (FI, lectotype of C. nubicum var. somalense); prope Coromma, 3 Sept. 1893, D. Riva s.n. (FI). madagascar. Without locality: May 1952, J. Bosser 3024 (MO); June 1889, M. Baron 628 (P), s.d., Boyen s.n. (M); Central Madagascar, Jan. 1882, Rev. R. Baron s.n. (BM, K), Aug. 1880, G. W. Parker 28 (K); Near Monte Ambatou-manga, s.d., W. Bojer s.n. (K); “Statio Sud-Betsilio” Feb. 1881, J. M. Hildebrandt 4000 (B, holotype of C. concinnum var. minus; isotypes BM, K, M, P, US, W); Antananarivo Prov., Feb. 1911, A. Loher s.n. (M), May 1905, Ch. D’Slleizette s.n. (L 951 86 433), Feb. 1958, J. Bosser 3097 (P), March 1960, J. Bosser 13619 (P); Ankaratra, Jan. 1955, J. Bosser 7632 (P); Coast to capital, year 1880, L. Kitching s.n. (K); 10 Aug. 1928, M. Decary 6169 (K, P); between Tamatave and Antananarivo, July & Aug. 1862, Meller s.n. (K); Route Kiranomena-Tsiroanomandidy, 8 Dec. 1955, R. E. Dehane 25 (P); 19°5ꞌ42.2"S, 47°30ꞌ7"E, Iarinandriana, 19 May 2004, M. Andriamahay 759 (K); Manbjakandriana, May 1952, J. Bosser 705 (K); Tampoketsa, 16 March 1930, M. R. Decary 7592 (BM, K); Fianarantsoa Prov., 26 Jan. 1975, T. B. Croat 29740 (MO); Ambalavao, Plateau Andringitra 22°10ꞌS, 46°54ꞌE, 5 Feb. 1977, C. Rakotuvao et al. 766 (MO); Ambatofinandrahana (Betsileo), 16 Jan. 1955, H. Humbert 28134 (P); Ikalamavony (distr. Ambohimahasoa), year 1955, H. Humbert 30230 (P); Itremo, Jan. 1964, J. Bosser 18954, 19560 (P); 2 km W of Vodiharana, 3 Aug. 1984, D. A. Baum 33 (MO); Montagnes l’ouest D’Itremo, 17 – 22 Jan. 1955, H. Humbert 30069 (P); Tapia, 48 km N of Ambosita, 24 Jan. 1975, T. B. Croat 29371 (K, MO); Toamasina Prov., Andasibe, 14 March 1935, R. C. Maire 15 (P). sudan. Digile Valley, 13°02ꞌN, 24°23ꞌE, 6 Dec. 1954, J. K. Jackson 3328 (K); Darfur State, Jebel Marra, 3 Nov. 1964, G. E. Wickens 2805 (K); Kurdufan State, Alta Nubia, s. d., A.B. Figari s.n. (FI).

west tropical africa: ghana. Northern Region. Salaga-Bimbila road, Tale Village, 8°48ꞌN, 0°0.2ꞌW, 7 Oct. 1959, J. O. Ankrah s.n. (GC 20409, K); 7.5 miles on Tamala-Yendi road, Zuo Village, 9°23ꞌN, 0°44ꞌW, 28 Sept. 1957, J. O. Ankrah s.n. ( GC 20248, K). nigeria. Without locality, year 1857 – 9, C. Barter s.n. (M).

southern africa: south africa. South Africa, Prov. Eastern Cape, Pondoland, Hb. Nees 4318, J. F. Drège s.n. (B, lectotype of C. concinnum; isolectotype P); stream below the Research Cottage, 16 Feb. 2002, M. K. Maserumule 4 (PRE); Bazizya Forest, 14 March 1970, R. P. Ellis 257 (K); Eastern Cape Prov., Alfred Nzo Distr., Bizana, 12 Aug. 1957, R. Story 4184 (K); Ntsubane Forest, 26 Feb. 1985, L. Smook 5515 (PRE); Transkei, Mkambati Game Reserve, 23 Feb. 1985, L. Smook 5450 (PRE); Tul, Middelburg, 14 Jan. 1967, C. G. du Plessis 1321 (PRU). 49 km W of Umtata, Mhlanlane Forest Res., 6 March 1985, L. Smook 5697 (W); Gauteng Prov., Bronberg Conservany, Lynnwood Road Ext., 21 April 2004, M. Shongue 236 (PRU); Bapsfontein, 10 Feb. 1947, H. G. Schweicherdt 1740 (S, US, W), Distr. Pretoria, Gowstantein, 3 Feb. 1947, H. G. Schweicherdt 1733 (L, S, US, W), Van Riebeeck P. Koh 167 (PRU). KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Natal, Drège 4318 (B, P). Limpopo Prov., Groothoek, Grasveld, 5 April 1969, A. E. Buhrmann 41 (EA). Mpumalanga Prov., Belfast, Farm Vlakfontein, 22 Feb. 1983, G. L. Smuts 12 (PRE), 5 – 7 miles W of Belfast, 11 Jan. 1953, R. K. Godfrey & J. Acocks H-1608 (US), 25°50ꞌS, 30°30ꞌE, 20 Feb. 1996, N. Snow P. Burgoyne 6991 (MO, W), Farm Oshoek, near Wakkerstroom, 20 Feb. 1978, L. Smook 1166 (C, K, MO, PRE), Long Tom Pass, 25°9ꞌS, 30°37ꞌE, 17 Feb. 1996, N. Snow P. Burgoyne s.n. (MO), Lydenburg, 19 km vanaf Belfast, 16 Jan. 1980, L. A. Coetzer 820 (PRE, PRU), 6 km from Goedehoop on road to Roossenekal Halfway up pass, 7 Dec. 1983, L. Smook 4827A (PRE), Nelshoogte Forest Reserve, 10 Feb. 1986, P. Raal 770 (EA); Pilgrim’s Rest, to Graskop, 15 Dec. 1975, P. C. V. du Toit 1068 (M); Barberton Distr., April 1924, G. Thorncroft 25421 (S, US); between Barbeton and Mavelock, 9 Feb. 1962, H. J. Schlieben 9457 (M, P); 7 km NE from Jessievale State Forest Station, 1 Oct. 1984, L. Smook 4945 (EA, PRE, W); 33 km NE from Jessievale State Forest Station, Farm Sonstraal, 1 Nov. 1984, L. Smook 4956 (W); Komatipoort, 15 km S of Barberton, road to Havelock, 7 March 1976, P. C. V. du Toit 1160 (PRE); Lake Chrissie distr., Spring Grove 194, 4 March 1924, I. B. Pole-Evans 1048 (PRE); Sabie Distr., Plaas Sheba, 17 March 1987, T. Stein 195 (PRE); between Wakkerstroom and Dirkiesdorp, 12 April 1981, A. O. Crook 2402 (PRE); Natal Prov., Hlobane, 25 Feb. 1950, D. Johnstone 311 (PRU); Montesol, 23 March 1977, P. C. V. du Toit 2374 (C, MO); Nkandhla, 18 Feb. 1940, B. S. Fisher H. G. Schweicherdt 2 (EA, MO, NU, P, S, US); Qudeni, Feb. 1940, B. S. Fisher H. G. Schweicherdt 86 (K, MO, US); near Oribi Gorge, April 1937, A. P. D. Maclean 300 (MO); Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve, 2 Feb. 1972, L. E. Davidson 1854 (MO); Umpumulo, year 1875, J. Buchanan 179 (K); Zululand, Ngoye, 28 March 1907, J. Wylie J. H. Wood 10326 (L); Western Cape Prov., Cape De Bonne Esperance, Drége s.n. (K, P, S); Cape Winelands Distr., Mid Njambili, Bonnievale, 31 March 1968, C. J. Ward 6540 (K, PRE). swaziland. Swaziland Prov., Distr. Mbabane, H. J. Schlieben 9491 (K, M); about 20 km N of Mbabane, Ngwenya Hills, 5 April 1966, B. Maguire 7466 (MO); 28 Feb. 1957, R. H. Compton 26724 (PRE); Piggs Peak, Feb. 1974, S. Towsend s.n. (K); on the road from Piggs Peak to Barberton, near Bulembe Mine, 21 March 1998, D. A. McCallum C. N. Webber 554 (C).

central africa: rwanda. Byumba Prov., Gabiro, 6 Dec. 1944, R. Germain 2945 (BR, EA); Kakitumba, 2 Dec. 1954, A. R. Christiaensen 735 (BR, K); Mutara, route Kigali-Kakitumba, 27 Jan. 1958, G. Troupin 5918 (BR, EA, K); Nyakayaga, S. Gabino, Jan. 1938, J. Lebrun 9466 (BM, BR, C, L, M); Kigali Prov., Distr. Bugesera, colline Bihorago, 3 April 1958, G. Troupin 7330 (BR).

east tropical africa: kenya. Coast Prov. Kwale Distr., Kaya Kambe, 5 May 1990, S. A. Robertson Q. Luke 6306 (EA); Muhaka (Diani), 11 Jan. 1979, D. Uvyu 15 (EA); Shimba Hills, March 1931, C. A. Thorold 1537 (K); 31 Dec. 1958, J. C. Moomaw 1156 (K); Aug. 1974, K. Sekulic 20 (EA); 14 March 1968, F. Magogo P. Glover 279 (BR, EA, FT, MO); 31 Dec. 1958, M. F. Heady 1371 (MO); 10 miles SW de Mombasa, 3 Dec. 1951, A. Bogdan 3335 (EA, K, P); 50 miles SW of Mombasa, 11 Jan. 1954, A. Bogdan 3905 (K, US); South Coast, Muhala, 15 May 1984, A. Mwamkoa 38 (EA). Nairobi Prov. Nairobi, 12 Feb. 1972, S. Taiti s.n. (EA 15248). Nyanza Prov. 18 miles NE of Nyanza, 16 March 1920, H. L. Shantz s.n. (US); Rift Valley Prov., Laikipa K 3, locality Ol-Ari-Nyro Ranch, 11 Aug. 1990, J. Muasya 2063 (EA). tanzania. Without locality: 14 Feb. 1964, K. A. Pirozynski 403 (K); 6 April 1937, M. Schliben s.n. (P); Ostafrikanisches Seengebiet, 22 Nov. 1890, F. L. Stuhlmann 1010 (B, holotype of C. concinnum var. indutum); Kagera Region. Biharamulo Distr., Biharamulo, 15 Nov. 1962, B. Verdcourt 3308 (EA, K); Bukoba Distr., Jan. 1961, C. D. Scaft 213 (EA); Dec. 1931, A. E. Haarer 2377 (EA, K); 25 May 1966, M. Dowe 4087 (EA); Bukoba-Bezeik, June 1907, G. W. J. Mildbraed 167 (B); Byango, Kiziba, Dec. 1958, J. Proctor 1086 (K); Gera Camp, 30 Aug. 1934, H. Gillman T. H. Marshall 131 (EA, K), Maruku-Bukoba, s.d., M. Dowe 1507 (EA); Ngara Distr., Muganza, Bushubi, 3 Dec. 1959, R. E. S. Tanner 4592 (BR, K, L); Kigoma Region, Kigoma Distr., Gambe National Park, 4 March 1996, R. E. Gereau et al. 5891 (MO); Lindi Region, Bezirk Lindi, 18 Feb. 1935, H. J. Schlieben 6028 (BM, BR, K, M, MO, P, S, US); Tendaguru, 18 Feb. 1934, H. J. Schlieben s.n. (L 951 86 432); Mara Region, Musoma Distr., Mara River Guard Post, 21 Aug. 1962, R. J. Greenway 10767 (EA, K); Mbeya Region, Landschaft, March 1926, A. Peter 38335, 38396 (W); Tanga Region, Pangani Distr., Msumbugwe Forest Area, 10 Nov. 1973, J. S. Bond 187 (BR, EA, K). uganda. Without locality: s.d., J. Maitland 366 (US); ½ mile W Metu, 23 Sept. 1953, R. J. Chancellor 304 (K, US); Burgamba, March 1942, W. J. Eggeling J. E. Eggeling 4864 (EA); Kaseny, 21 Aug. 1935, H. B. Johnston 1101 (K); Subalu, 5 May 1941, A. S. Thomas 3848 (EA, K); Central Region, Kalangala Distr., Bugala, Mugoye, 4 June 1932, A. S. Thomas 61 (K); Bugala Island, 24 Feb. 1945, J. Greenway A. S. Thomas 7170 (EA, K); Sese Island, March 1928, L. C. C. Liebenberg 450 (K); Kampala Distr., Mengo, Mawokota County: Nkozi, 13 Sept. 1996, P. K. Rwaburindore 4018 (MO); Mengo, 410 mile 1.20 Kiwoko-Tweyanze, 23 April 1956, I. Langdale-Brown 2068 (EA, K); Masaka Distr., Buddu County, 30 May 1956, D. D. Thornton 23 (K); Bukoto County, 1 km NE of Kansambia Hill, 26 Oct. 1969, K. A. Lye 4616 (EA); Lake Kayanja, 0°17ꞌS, 31°52ꞌW, 25 Sept. 1969, K. A. Lye 2686 (K); Lake Nabugabo, Feb. 1942, W. J. Eggeling J. E. Eggeling 4743 (EA); Nabugabo, 232 Jan. 1971, C. H. B. Kabuye T. Mayanja 300 (EA, K); Wakiso Distr., Entebbe, s.d., R. Tuffe 29 (K); Northern Region. Acholi Distr., Nyamsiha R., Murchison Falls, 4 April 1965, C. R. Field 821 (EA), County Kilak, 3 March 1957, K. W. Harker 649 (EA); Mt Kilak, Nov. 1941, W. J. Eggeling J. E. Eggeling 4704 (EA); Apac Distr., Akokoro, Diebel Kampala, 14 May 1965, F. Bader 118 (EA); Debbi Distr., Kango, West Nile, April 1941, W. J. Eggeling J. E. Eggeling 4280 (EA); Terego Distr., June 1938, C. Hazel 576 (BM, K); Western Region. Semliki Valley, 8 Oct. 1935, H. B. Johnston 1225 (K); Ankole Distr., 14 Jan. 1929, J. D. Snowden 1277 (BR, EA, K); 25 March 1929, J. D. Snowden 1329 (BM, C, EA, K, P); 23 Nov. 1935, H. B. Johnston 1339 (K); Ankole Ibanda, 25 March 1929, J. D. Snowden 1330 (BM, FI, K); Buhweji Distr., Kanyamiyanze Range, 0°22ꞌS, 30°22ꞌE, 21 Aug. 1982, P. K. Rwaburindore 917 (MO); Bunyoro, Kibonda County, Munyuba, 24 April 1965, F. Bader 82 (EA); Kakumiro, Mubende, 15 Oct. 1933, H. B. Johnston 619 (K); Kyabana, July 1915, R. Dümmer 2602 (BM, K, US); Ruisi R., 16 Oct. 195), T. Jarret 269 (EA, K); Kamwenge Distr., Mpanga R., NE of Lake George, 21 April 1968, J. M. Lock 68/117 (EA).