Eksika Joint Evaluation Test

EKSIKA JOINT EVALUATION TEST

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

PAPER 1 311/1

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

The main sources of information on the history of the Kenya communities during the pre-colonial period (1mk)

Oral tradition

Give one major causes for increased slave trade in East African coast in the 19th

Century (1mk)

Increased internal demand for slave labour on clove plantation in Zanzibar, Pemba, Malindi and Mombasa.

State the main reason why the Somali migrated into Kenya in the 19th century (1mk)

The expansion of the Ethiopia empire

State two impacts of development of railway transport of Kenya during colonial (2mks)

Facilitated easily movement of goods and people
Led to development of urban centres
Promoted expansion of trade in and outside Kenya
Promoted growth of industries
Led to loss of land by some Africans

Name two agents who monitors the violation of human rights in Kenya (2mks)

Police
Lawyers
Kenya National Human Rights Commission
Human rights activities

Give two reasons why African were not allowed to grow cash crops in colonial Kenya (2mks)

European feared competition
Europeans did not want poor produce in the market
Europeans claimed that Africans crops would spread crop pests and diseases on these crops.

State two objectives of Kikuyu central Association (K.C.A ) (2mks)

Restoration of alienated land
Abolishment of Kipande system
Abolishment of racial segregation/discrimination
Release of Hurry Thuku
Advocate for growing coffee for Africans

Give two reasons for the establishment of independent churches during colonial time.

Maintained law and order
Declared war and peace
Presided over religious ceremonies

Name the company that administered Kenya on behalf of British government up to 1895 (1mk)

Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEACO)

State two roles played by Mekatilili in Agiriama resistance (2mks)

Inspired the Agririama to prolong their resistance through rathing
Presented Agiriama grievances to the British and some were addressed later
Rallied people together against a common enemy
Became a role model to women who later played great roles in the struggle for independence
Mobilized her people into resistance through oathing which was a symbol

Mention two symbols of National integration in Kenya(2mks)

National flag
National anthem
Coat of arms
Public seal
National awards

Identify two items that were imported to East African coast from Arabia by 15 :00 AD (2mks)

Guns
Beads
Glassware
Swords

State two terms of Helgoland treaty of 1890 (2mks)

Germany officially recognized Uganda as a British sphere of influence
Germany abandoned her claim over with the exchange of Helgoland island
Germany acquired a trip of land on the lake Tanganyika nad purchased the coast of Tanganyika from Sultan of Zanzibar
The Sultan of Zanzibar retained 10 miles coastal n strip

Identify the National philosophy adopted at independence to promote social justice (1mk)

African socialism

What is the main function of Kenya defense forces

Defending the county from external aggression /invassion

Name one way of resolving conflicts

Mediation
Arbitration
Court
Religious means
Negotiation

SECTION B (45 MARKS )

(a)State three functions of the council of elders among the Mijikenda in Pre-colonial period in Kenya (3mks)

Preside over religious ceremonies
Maintained law and order
Acted as ritual experts
Settled disputes
Made community decisions

(b). Describe the social organization of the Maasai community in the pre-colonial period (12mks)

Divided into two groups ;pastrola Maasai (purko) and agricultural Maasai (iloikop/kwa
Kwari were looked down upon by the Purko, who saw the adoption of agriculture practices as a weakness
Organized on clan basis each associated with a particular type of cattle
Circumcision of both boys and girls at puberty
Boys entered age-set after circumcision
Boys joined the warrior-class known as Moran
Moran’s live in Manyatta for t ten years .They were not allowed to marry until they became junior elders
Moran’s adhered to ritual and dietary restrictions to ensure discipline e.g not taking milk from mothers house
Existence of religious leaders (diviners and medicines men)
Purko created the institution of oloibon who officiated religious ceremonies and was the custodian of religious rituals
Oloibon blessed the warriors before war and performed rituals to word off epidemics and droughts
Maasai believed in God whom they called Enkai
Prayers and sacrifices were offered at the shrines
Several social ceremonies that marked their rites of passage
The rites of passage included birth, circumcision and death
The eunoto ceremony marked the graduation of Moran’s into junior elders

(a) Identify the five causes of the Nandi rebellion against the British (5mks)

Safeguard their independence
Protect their land from alienation
Safeguard their wealthy from raiding
Thought Europeans were devils because of clothes and clour
Prophecy of kimnyole had kept them alert

(b) Describe the reasons that contributed to Nandi’s long resistances against the British (5mks)

Employed the guarilla warfare
Discipline and efficient army
Knowledge of manufacturing weapons using railway stolen material
Regular supply of food and weapons
Orkoiyot was their symbol of unity and strength .He gave them courage to fight on
Nandi were naturally proud and hence could not allow defeat

(a) List five factors that led to spread of Islam in Kenya up to 19th century (5mks)

Growth of the Indian Ocean trade where by Arabs spread Islam as they traded
Intermarriage between the Arabs and the Bantus along the least
Establish of Islamic schools
Islamic way of life appealed to African e.g. dressing
Settlement of Muslims along the coast who interacted with indigenous Kenyans
Muslims accepting some Africans culture e.g. polygamy

(c). Explains five factors that led to decline of Portuguese’s power among the coast of East Africa (10mks)

Decline of Indian Ocean trade
Inadequate administration
In adequate funds
Rivalry from Dutch, British and French
Portugal annexation with spain weakened it
Constant revolt from costal people
Lon distance from Portugal and goa delayed reinfor ements
The man eaters (wazimba)attacked looted property and killed some Portuguese
The Portuguese administration was corrupt

(a) Identify five factors that undermined African Nationalism activities in Kenya between 193 9-1963 (5mks_

Lacked transport and communication facilities
Division among the nationalism
Lack of proper coordination
Inadequate funds
Harassment by colonial government
Collaborators affected the causes of nationalist
Inadequate army and weapons compared to the British ones

`(b). Explain five factors which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya after 1945 (10mks)

Western Education Enabling African s to articulate their grievarence
The experience of WW II ex –soldiers
Granting of independence of India and Bakstan
Atlantic charter (1941) supported colonization
Spirit of pan-Africanism boosted nationalism
Labour party in Britain favoured decolonization
The emergence of USA and USSR supported decolonization
The taxpayers in Europe were against colonolism because it was expensive
United Nations supported decolonization

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

(a) Conditions one need to fulfill to be a registered Kenyan citizen(2mks)

Be married t Kenyan citizen for at least seven year
Lawfully resident in Kenya for a continues period of at least seven years
A child who is not a citizen but is adopted by a citizen

(b Discuss the values of a good citizenship (12mks)

Be law abiding
Patriotism and loyalty to ones county
Participating in development activities
Participating in development process
Mindfull of others welfare
Proper use of public resources
Cultivating high moral values
Participating in natural debaties ,referenda and other issues of national importance
Reporting law breakers
Working together with other citizens

(a). What factors limits the supremacy of parliament in Kenya (5mks )

Parliament cannot pass laws which contradict the constitution of Kenya
The president is empowered to sidestep parliament and declare a sate of emergency if there is threat to National security
A powerful cabinet can influence parliamentary decisions
Kenya may be forced to ratify and apply international
County assemblies can make laws which limit parliamentary supremacy

Civil education to create public awareness
Collection and documentation of views to facilitates the drafting process
Concerning of public hearings to get feedback from public
Constitutional conference to discuss the drafts
Parliament discussion of the draft
Holding of referendums
Presidential assent and promulgation of new constitutions

(a) state the composition of the county executive committee (3mks)

Governor
Deputy governor
County cabinet secretaries

Deals with early childhood development education
Deals with polytechnic education
Management of infrustractural development in the county e.g access roads
Promotion of healthy services in the county
Preservation of environment
Promotion of agriculture
Promotion of culture
Ensuring animals control and welfare
Development of trade
Regulation of county public works
Ensuring the fighting services and disaster management centers are available
Control of dung usage
Ensuring the participation of communities in governance at the local level