EKSIKA JOINT EVALUATION TEST

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

PAPER 1 311/1

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

  1. The main sources of information on the history of the Kenya communities during the pre-colonial period (1mk)
  • Oral tradition
  1. Give one major causes for increased slave trade in East African coast in the 19th

Century (1mk)

  • Increased internal demand for slave labour on clove plantation in Zanzibar, Pemba, Malindi and Mombasa.
  1. State the main reason why the Somali migrated into Kenya in the 19th century (1mk)
  • The expansion of the Ethiopia empire
  1. State two impacts of development of railway transport of Kenya during colonial (2mks)
  • Facilitated easily movement of goods and people
  • Led to development of urban centres
  • Promoted expansion of trade in and outside Kenya
  • Promoted growth of industries
  • Led to loss of land by some Africans
  1. Name two agents who monitors the violation of human rights in Kenya (2mks)
  • Police
  • Lawyers
  • Kenya National Human Rights Commission
  • Human rights activities
  1. Give two reasons why African were not allowed to grow cash crops in colonial Kenya (2mks)
  • European feared competition
  • Europeans did not want poor produce in the market
  • Europeans claimed that Africans crops would spread crop pests and diseases on these crops.
  1. State two objectives of Kikuyu central Association (K.C.A ) (2mks)
  • Restoration of alienated land
  • Abolishment of Kipande system
  • Abolishment of racial segregation/discrimination
  • Release of Hurry Thuku
  • Advocate for growing coffee for Africans
  1. Give two reasons for the establishment of independent churches during colonial time.
  • Maintained law and order
  • Declared war and peace
  • Presided over religious ceremonies
  1. Name the company that administered Kenya on behalf of British government up to 1895 (1mk)
  • Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEACO)
  1. State two roles played by Mekatilili in Agiriama resistance (2mks)
  • Inspired the Agririama to prolong their resistance through rathing
  • Presented Agiriama grievances to the British and some were addressed later
  • Rallied people together against a common enemy
  • Became a role model to women who later played great roles in the struggle for independence
  • Mobilized her people into resistance through oathing which was a symbol
  1. Mention two symbols of National integration in Kenya(2mks)
  • National flag
  • National anthem
  • Coat of arms
  • Public seal
  • National awards
  1. Identify two items that were imported to East African coast from Arabia by 15 :00 AD (2mks)
  • Guns
  • Beads
  • Glassware
  • Swords
  1. State two terms of Helgoland treaty of 1890 (2mks)
  • Germany officially recognized Uganda as a British sphere of influence
  • Germany abandoned her claim over with the exchange of Helgoland island
  • Germany acquired a trip of land on the lake Tanganyika nad purchased the coast of Tanganyika from Sultan of Zanzibar
  • The Sultan of Zanzibar retained 10 miles coastal n strip
  1. Identify the National philosophy adopted at independence to promote social justice (1mk)
  • African socialism
  1. What is the main function of Kenya defense forces
  • Defending the county from external aggression /invassion
  1. Name one way of resolving conflicts
  • Mediation
  • Arbitration
  • Court
  • Religious means
  • Negotiation

SECTION B (45 MARKS )

  1. (a)State three functions of the council of elders among the Mijikenda in Pre-colonial period in Kenya (3mks)
  • Preside over religious ceremonies
  • Maintained law and order
  • Acted as ritual experts
  • Settled disputes
  • Made community decisions

(b). Describe the social organization of the Maasai community in the pre-colonial period (12mks)

  • Divided into two groups ;pastrola Maasai (purko) and agricultural Maasai (iloikop/kwa
  • Kwari were looked down upon by the Purko, who saw the adoption of agriculture practices as a weakness
  • Organized on clan basis each associated with a particular type of cattle
  • Circumcision of both boys and girls at puberty
  • Boys entered age-set after circumcision
  • Boys joined the warrior-class known as Moran
  • Moran’s live in Manyatta for t ten years .They were not allowed to marry until they became junior elders
  • Moran’s adhered to ritual and dietary restrictions to ensure discipline e.g not taking milk from mothers house
  • Existence of religious leaders (diviners and medicines men)
  • Purko created the institution of oloibon who officiated religious ceremonies and was the custodian of religious rituals
  • Oloibon blessed the warriors before war and performed rituals to word off epidemics and droughts
  • Maasai believed in God whom they called Enkai
  • Prayers and sacrifices were offered at the shrines
  • Several social ceremonies that marked their rites of passage
  • The rites of passage included birth, circumcision and death
  • The eunoto ceremony marked the graduation of Moran’s into junior elders
  1. (a) Identify the five causes of the Nandi rebellion against the British (5mks)
  • Safeguard their independence
  • Protect their land from alienation
  • Safeguard their wealthy from raiding
  • Thought Europeans were devils because of clothes and clour
  • Prophecy of kimnyole had kept them alert

(b) Describe the reasons that contributed to Nandi’s long resistances against the British (5mks)

  • Employed the guarilla warfare
  • Discipline and efficient army
  • Knowledge of manufacturing weapons using railway stolen material
  • Regular supply of food and weapons
  • Orkoiyot was their symbol of unity and strength .He gave them courage to fight on
  • Nandi were naturally proud and hence could not allow defeat
  1. (a) List five factors that led to spread of Islam in Kenya up to 19th century (5mks)
  • Growth of the Indian Ocean trade where by Arabs spread Islam as they traded
  • Intermarriage between the Arabs and the Bantus along the least
  • Establish of Islamic schools
  • Islamic way of life appealed to African e.g. dressing
  • Settlement of Muslims along the coast who interacted with indigenous Kenyans
  • Muslims accepting some Africans culture e.g. polygamy

(c). Explains five factors that led to decline of Portuguese’s power among the coast of East Africa (10mks)

  • Decline of Indian Ocean trade
  • Inadequate administration
  • In adequate funds
  • Rivalry from Dutch, British and French
  • Portugal annexation with spain weakened it
  • Constant revolt from costal people
  • Lon distance from Portugal and goa delayed reinfor ements
  • The man eaters (wazimba)attacked looted property and killed some Portuguese
  • The Portuguese administration was corrupt
  1. (a) Identify five factors that undermined African Nationalism activities in Kenya between 193 9-1963 (5mks_
  • Lacked transport and communication facilities
  • Division among the nationalism
  • Lack of proper coordination
  • Inadequate funds
  • Harassment by colonial government
  • Collaborators affected the causes of nationalist
  • Inadequate army and weapons compared to the British ones

`(b). Explain five factors which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya after 1945 (10mks)

  • Western Education Enabling African s to articulate their grievarence
  • The experience of WW II ex –soldiers
  • Granting of independence of India and Bakstan
  • Atlantic charter (1941) supported colonization
  • Spirit of pan-Africanism boosted nationalism
  • Labour party in Britain favoured decolonization
  • The emergence of USA and USSR supported decolonization
  • The taxpayers in Europe were against colonolism because it was expensive
  • United Nations supported decolonization

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

  1. (a) Conditions one need to fulfill to be a registered Kenyan citizen(2mks)
  • Be married t Kenyan citizen for at least seven year
  • Lawfully resident in Kenya for a continues period of at least seven years
  • A child who is not a citizen but is adopted by a citizen

(b Discuss the values of a good citizenship (12mks)

  • Be law abiding
  • Patriotism and loyalty to ones county
  • Participating in development activities
  • Participating in development process
  • Mindfull of others welfare
  • Proper use of public resources
  • Cultivating high moral values
  • Participating in natural debaties ,referenda and other issues of national importance
  • Reporting law breakers
  • Working together with other citizens
  1. (a). What factors limits the supremacy of parliament in Kenya (5mks )
  • Parliament cannot pass laws which contradict the constitution of Kenya
  • The president is empowered to sidestep parliament and declare a sate of emergency if there is threat to National security
  • A powerful cabinet can influence parliamentary decisions
  • Kenya may be forced to ratify and apply international
  • County assemblies can make laws which limit parliamentary supremacy

(c) Describe the constitution making process in Kenya (10mks)

  • Civil education to create public awareness
  • Collection and documentation of views to facilitates the drafting process
  • Concerning of public hearings to get feedback from public
  • Constitutional conference to discuss the drafts
  • Parliament discussion of the draft
  • Holding of referendums
  • Presidential assent and promulgation of new constitutions
  1. (a) state the composition of the county executive committee (3mks)
  • Governor
  • Deputy governor
  • County cabinet secretaries

(c) Discuss the functions of the county governor(12mks)

  • Deals with early childhood development education
  • Deals with polytechnic education
  • Management of infrustractural development in the county e.g access roads
  • Promotion of healthy services in the county
  • Preservation of environment
  • Promotion of agriculture
  • Promotion of culture
  • Ensuring animals control and welfare
  • Development of trade
  • Regulation of county public works
  • Ensuring the fighting services and disaster management centers are available
  • Control of dung usage
  • Ensuring the participation of communities in governance at the local level

©2015Kabondo Joint Evaluation Test 311/1 HISTORY Maltytech Printers Eldoret

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