Effects of Triclosan and Triclocarban, Two Ubiquitous Environmental Contaminants, on Anatomy, Physiology and Behavior of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Melissa M. Schultza, Steve E. Bartellb,c, Heiko L. Schoenfussb*
a Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691
b Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301
c Normandale Community College, Bloomington, MN 55431
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
Table S1; Figures S1-S5
Supplemental TableS1. Ion transitions used for identification and quantitation for native and isotopically-labeled triclosan and triclocarban by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Compound / Acronym / Precursor Ion[M-H]-
(m/z) / Product Ion
(Quant)
(m/z) / Structure of Quant Ion / Product Ion (Qual)
(m/z) / Structure of Qual Ion
Triclosan / TCS / 287 / 35 / [Cl]- / 252 / [M-HCl]-
13C12-triclosan / 13C12-TCS / 299 / 35 / [Cl]- / n/a / n/a
Triclocarban / TCC / 313 / 160 / [M-C7H5ONCl]- / 126 / [M-C7H4ONCl2]-
13C6-triclocarban / 13C6-TCC / 319 / 160 / [M-13C6CH5ONCl]- / n/a / n/a
n/a = not applicable
Figure S1. Chemical Structures. Chemical structures of a) triclosan (TCS) and b) triclocarban (TCC)
Figure S2. Morphological findings. Body condition factor for adult male and female fathead minnows exposed for 21 days in a flow-through system to two concentrations each (L=low; H=high) of triclocarban (TC), triclosan (TS), their mixtures (Mix), an ethanol carrier control (EtOH) or a 17ß-Estradiol (E2) positive control (25 ng/L). Mean ± standard error; letters indicate statistically significant differences between treatments (Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post test); number in each column indicates sample size. Absolute sample size differs between treatments due to mortality, ability to excise all tissues from each fish, and extra fish not needed for aggression assay (in case of unequal numbers of male and female fish in a treatment). Body condition factor for male (A) and female (B) fathead minnows.
Supplemental Figure S3. Organosomatic indices. Mean gonadosomatic index standard error for male (A) and female (B) fathead minnows. Mean hepatosomatic index standard error for male (C) and female (D) minnows. Number in each column indicates sample size. Variation in sample size explained in FigureS2 legend.
Supplemental Figure S4. Histological findings. Mean developmental stage standard error for male testis (A) and female ovary (B) in exposed fathead minnows. Mean abundance of hepatocyte vacuolization standard error in the liver of male (C) and female (D) fathead minnows. Number in each column indicates sample size. Variation in sample size explained in FigureS2 legend
Supplemental Figure S5. Secondary sex characteristics. Sum of secondary sex characteristics in controls and treatments. Mean ± standard error; number indicates sample size. Sample size listed in each column. Variation in sample size explained in FigureS2 legend.