Quiz #4
ECOL 340 Plant Form, Function & Diversity
Spring 2007
30 points total (3% of Total Grade)
7 points (1/2 point each)
(1). Multiple choice. Please place the equation or symbol on the right with the statement on the left that best matches.
___Quantitative defense A. Block the action of digestive enzymes
___Adaptation B. Stomates respond to ABA and y of the leaf
___Induced defense C. Indiscriminately eat most of the plant
___Phenols D. Select specific plant parts to eat
___Anisohydric species E. Stomates respond primarily to changes in ABA
___Glandular hairs F. Change in population trait mean between generations
___Acclimatization G. Exchange of sugar in turn for protection by ants from
herbivores
___Tannins H. Example of mechanical protection
___ Inducible defenses I. Present in all major clades of land plants
___ Extrafloral nectarines J. House their fungal symbionts on the outside of their bodies ___ Bark beetles K. Mixed function oxidase
___ Browsers L. Proteinase inhibitor is produced as leaf has begun to be
consumed
___Foragers M. Change in trait mean in a population within a generation.
___Isohydric species N. Defense like Tannins have a large investment of carbon
N,F,K,I,B,H,M,A,L,G,J, I,C,E.
(2) What is the definition of Coevolution?
2 - Points
The evolution of a series of receiprocol phenotypes that are specific adaptations between ineracting species.
(3) What are the five central physiological steps in C4 photosynthesis?
5-points
1- Carboxylation of PEP produces organic acids in mesophyll cells
2- Organic acids are transported to the bundle sheath cells
3- Organic acids are decarboxylated in bundle sheath cells producing CO2
4- CO2 is assimilated by Rubisco and PCR cycle
5- Compounds return to the mesophyll cells to regenerate more PEP
(4) According to Rowley 1978 - The first recognition that something strange happens to CAM plants came from the Romans who noticed that CAM plants tasted more bitter in the morning. Why do CAM plants taste more bitter in the morning?
2-points
During the morning, before the plant has started to fully photsynthesize, CAM plants have accumulated much malic acid from the fixation of CO2 over night by PEP. The build up of malic acid is what taste so bitter to the Romans.
(5) Name two similarities between C4 and CAM photosynthesis
4-points
-Both increase the concentration of CO2 within mesophyl cells above the concentration of CO2 within the cell.
-Both, use PEP carboxylase to fix CO2 to form a 4-carbon molelcule.
(6) Draw an A/Ci curve for a C3 and C4 plant. Make sure to label your axes (put units on each axis too). Label where the compensation point is for each species.
3-points
(7) On one graph showing the relationships between the following physiological parameters
3-points
a) Temperature and rates of respiration
b) Temperature and CO2 assimilation rates (i.e. the carbon fixation reactions)
c) Temperature and rates of oxygenation by Rubisco
(8) In thinking about Sun verses Shade leaves . . . and also thinking about what limits carbon assimilation rates . . . complete the following two sentences.
4-Points
Sun leaves maximize ______limitations by having the following two acclimatization responses 1)______2)______.
Carboxylation, 1) thicker leaves, 2) thicker cuticles, and/or more cells, more cholorplasts etc.
Shade leaves minimize ______limitations by having the following acclimatization responses 1)______.
Light, 1) more spongy mesophyll and/or invest more in light harvesting complexes etc.
EXTRA CREDIT – 3 – Points!
(8) Name two specific adaptations that plants living in cold environments may have
1.5-Points Each
-Increased concentrations of Rubisco
-Higher rates of sucrose production
-Increased rates of electron transport