Answer Key

East Bay Regional Park District

Lifeguard Academy

1)The first crucial link in the EMS system is the citizen responder who takes action when an injury or illness occurs. What actions or steps to citizen responders follow?

  1. Recognize that an emergency exists.
  2. Activate EMS by calling 9-1-1 or local emergency number
  3. Care for injuries

2)Hypoperfusion is another term for excessive sweating. If you choose false, what is hypoperfusion?

  1. True
  2. False. Shock.

3)What is the circulatory system? List 5 components of the circulatory system.

  1. Is the body system that makes sure all parts of the body are supplied with oxygen rich blood.
  2. Heart
  3. Arteries
  4. Capillaries
  5. Veins
  6. Blood

4)How would you care for shock?

  1. Initial Assessment
  2. Monitor breathing and pulse
  3. Control bleeding
  4. Help victim rest comfortably
  5. Keep victim warm (not hot or cold)
  6. Do not give any food or drink
  7. Administer oxygen

5)What body system controls the activity of all other body systems?

  1. Nervous System

6)Which is not a sign or symptom of internal bleeding?

  1. Bruising
  2. Tender, swollen or hard tissues in abdomen
  3. Anxiety or restlessness
  4. Rapid Breathing
  5. Red skin and high body temperature

7)What is the integumentary system?

  1. The body system composed of skin, hair and nails that protects the body.

8)According to the rule of 9’s, an adult with burns to the entire left leg, entire right arm and genitals. What percentage of the body is burned?

  1. 28%

9)When you arrive on a scene that is potentially hazardous, first responders should assume that the hazard is present until you are informed otherwise.

  1. True
  2. False

10)What is an occlusive dressing used for? What household item is often used to make an occlusive dressing?

  1. Covering a sucking chest wound
  2. Plastic Wrap

11)Which of the following victim’s would need to be moved in an emergency? (Check all that apply)

  1. A victim that is lying on top of another victim following a car accident.
  2. A celebrity that needs to be moved away from paparazzi to protect their privacy
  3. A victim with heat exhaustion that needs to be moved out of the sun
  4. A victim that collapsed on the stairs and has no pulse

12)What would you expect the skin to look like on a victim with full thickness burn? What would you expect a partial thickness burn to look like?

  1. Brown or charred (full thickness)
  2. Red and wet with blisters (partial thickness)

13)Why is it important to make sure the scene is safe before approaching an accident location?

  1. To ensure the safety of the first responder and others at the scene. If the scene is not safe, they can become victims also.

14)Restlessness and irritability, rapid breathing, rapid and weak pulse, and excessive thirst are signs and symptoms of what?

  1. Shock

15)Applying cold to a closed wound is an important step in treating the wound because cold will help control swelling and pain.

  1. True
  2. False

16)When assessing someone’s level of consciousness, rescuers often use the term AVPU. What exactly does that mean though?

  1. Alert
  2. Verbal
  3. Painful
  4. Unresponsive

17)Concerning effective water observation; lifeguards must be able to observe, evaluate, identify and respond to emergency situations quickly and effectively.

18)When checking skin characteristics, what are you checking?

  1. Color
  2. Temperature
  3. Moisture
  4. Capillary Refill

19)If a victim was coughing up blood, there is a good possibility that they have an injury to their:

  1. Chest

20)Where would you check the pulse for a conscious adult? Unconscious Adult? Unconscious child?Unconscious Infant?

  1. Radial Pulse
  2. Carotid Pulse
  3. Carotid Pulse
  4. Brachial Pulse

21)The chain of survival has 6 links. What are they? As a lifeguard, which link are you a part of?

  1. Citizen Response
  2. Early Activation of EMS
  3. First Responder care
  4. More advanced out of hospital care
  5. Hospital care
  6. Rehabilitation
  7. Lifeguards represent first responders.

22) If the scene is not safe, lifeguards should not approach

  1. True
  2. False

23)List 8 signs that may signal a swimmer is having a problem that a District lifeguard can detect through swimmer observation.

  1. Facing shore
  2. low head
  3. low stroke
  4. ineffective kick
  5. hair in face
  6. glassy, empty or anxious eyes
  7. heads together
  8. hand waving
  9. erratic activity
  10. clinging to a fixed object

24)What is the difference between a bandage and dressing?

  1. A bandage is any material used to wrap or cover a body part. A dressing is a pad placed directly over a wound to absorb blood and body fluids.

25)What does SAMPLE stand for?

  1. Signs or Symptoms
  2. Allergies
  3. Medications
  4. Past Pertinent Medical History
  5. Last Oral Intake
  6. Events Preceding

26)What is medical oversight? Who administers it?

  1. Medical oversight is the process by which a physician directs the care given by out of hospital providers to ill or injured victims.
  2. Medical oversight is usually given by a medical director

27)When a victim has organs protruding from their abdomen, what shouldn’t you try to do as a rescuer? What should you do instead?

  1. You should not push the organs back inside the body
  2. You should try to cover them with moist sterile dressings

28)If you find a victim with an embedded knife in their arm, how should you treat that injury?

  1. Do not remove the knife
  2. Use bulky dressings to stabilize the object
  3. Control bleeding by banding dressing in place around the object

29)Which of the following is an example of a first responder?

  1. EMT
  2. Police officer
  3. Dispatcher
  4. Doctor
  5. Citizen

30)During a scene size up, what are you looking for?

  1. Mechanism of Injury
  2. Number of victims
  3. Additional Resources needed
  4. Scene Safety

31)When a victim is burned by chemicals, your treatment shouldn’t bother attempting to brush the chemical off the victim because you could end up burning yourself with the chemicals.

  1. True
  2. False

32)How would you open the airway for a victim with no suspected spinal injury? What if you suspect a spinal injury? What technique would you use?

  1. Head Tilt Chin Lift
  2. Modified Jaw Thrust

33)What radio channel should lifeguards use to contact Dispatch in emergencies? Non-emergencies?

  1. Channel 3
  2. channel 3

34)While gathering vitals on an adult male, you note a pulse of 84. Is this normal or abnormal? What range would you expect an adults pulse to be in?

  1. Normal
  2. 60-100

35)If your partner told you that a victim’s heartbeat was compensating, you would expect their pulse rate to be above ______beats per minute.

  1. 100

36)You are performing a secondary assessment and have been instructed by your partner to look for DOTS. What does DOTS mean?

  1. Deformities
  2. Open Wounds
  3. Tenderness
  4. Swelling

37)Which burn would be considered a critical burn? Why?

  1. A 25 year old that has a partial thickness burn to their right arm
  2. A 35 year old with a partial thickness burn to their right leg
  3. A 89 year old with a partial thickness burn to their right arm
  4. A 15 year old with a partial thickness burn to their left leg
  5. Partial or Full thickness burns to children or the elderly are critical burns.

38)What is the respiratory system responsible for doing? What are 5 structures that are part of the respiratory system?

  1. The respiratory system supplies the body with oxygen through breathing
  2. Nose
  3. Mouth
  4. Pharynx
  5. Larynx
  6. Trachea
  7. Lungs
  8. Esophagus
  9. Nose
  10. Diaphragm

39)Electrical burns should not be cooled with water.

  1. True
  2. False

40)List 5 dry land observation signs that a lifeguard may identify that could indicate weak swimming skills.

  1. Age, very old and young
  2. Body weight
  3. pale complexion
  4. intoxication
  5. floatation devices
  6. improper equipment or attire
  7. disability

41)What is the EMS system? Who created the EMS system?

  1. The EMS system is a network of community resources that includes personnel, equipment and supplies to provide care to victims of sudden illness or injury.
  2. EMS was created by the NHTSA and DOT.

42)What is an avulsion? What is a laceration? What is an abrasion?

  1. Avulsion is an injury where a portion of the skin is partially or completely torn away
  2. A laceration is a cut, usually from a sharp object with jagged or smooth edges
  3. An abrasion is skin that has been rubbed or scrapped away

43)What 8 elements make up the daily briefing?

  1. Rotation order
  2. rotation interval
  3. lifeguard zones
  4. hazardous areas
  5. scheduling issues
  6. assignments
  7. training plan for day
  8. personal safety check

44)How often should you repeat the initial assessment on a stable patient? How often should you repeat it on an unstable patient? When performing an initial assessment, what are you looking for specifically?

  1. Every 15 minutes for stable
  2. Every 5 minutes for unstable
  3. You are looking for threats to life

45)If blood is bright red and spurting, what type of blood vessel would you suspect that it is coming from?

  1. Artery

46)What is body mechanics?

  1. The study of muscular actions and the functions of the muscles in maintaining body posture.

47)If the area around a wound is red, swollen and painful, there is a chance that the wound is infected.

  1. True
  2. False

48)If you respond to a call where the victim has amputated a body part, what should you do?

  1. Wrap the body part in a sterile dressings and place in a plastic bag, then place the plastic bag on ice.

49)Where are lifeguard park maintenance responsibilities listed in the LSM?

  1. O-3.1 Agreements

50)List 3 potential tows a lifeguard may use in the event they are without a RFD.

  1. Cross chest tow
  2. modified cross chest tow
  3. armpit tow

51)What is a tendon? What is a ligament? What does muscle do?

  1. Tendons attach muscles to bones
  2. Ligaments connect bones together at joints
  3. Muscles contract and relax to produce body movement.

52)What 2 types of head injury should not receive direct pressure?

  1. Injuries to the eye
  2. Injuries with spongy areas

53) Muscles are responsible for forming landmarks that define parts of the body.

  1. True
  2. False

54)When splinting, you should splint in the position you find the injury because that will often times be the most comfortable position for the victim.

  1. True
  2. False

55)You were notified of a child who was hit in the head with a ball. Their nose is now bleeding. What treatment should you give to try and control the bleeding?

  1. Pinch the nostrils
  2. Have the victim lean forward

56)You arrive at a motor vehicle crash and notice the driver has lost several teeth. What should you do with the teeth?

  1. Place in cool water or milk

57)List the 8 elements of the Rotation Guideline Summary

  1. Avoid consecutive chair sits
  2. rotations are either 20 or 30 minutes
  3. chair stations should be preceded by a break when possible
  4. breaks can be consecutive only if the above are met and it’s a 20 minute rotation
  5. no more than 3 breaks can be implemented
  6. when rotating in pairstreat the pair as one entity
  7. when there is only one break station in the rotation
  8. follow O-1.2 Rotation guidelines section

58)A swim group should always receive a safety talk even though the same kids received it earlier in the week and every point on the blue safety card must be reviewed with the group leader. Where can this policy be found?

  1. True
  2. False
  3. O-6.6

Breakout Session 6 Answer Key

Page 1 of 7