Earth Science*Test Study guide – Unit 1

  1. The Scientific Method
  2. Scientific Method – a series of planned steps that are done to solve a problem
  3. Hypothesis – a prediction about a problem; a possible explanation or solution to the problem
  4. Variable – a factor in an experiment that can be changed
  5. Constant variable – a standard for comparison
  6. Be able to identify independent variables, dependent variables, constants, and controls in various lab situations.
  7. 6 steps in the Scientific Method

1. make a(n)______

2. determine the ______

3. make a(n)______

4. conduct an

5. analyze the ______

6. draw a(n)______

  1. Latitude & Longitude
  2. Latitude – lines that run ______and ______, while they measure distance in degrees ______and ______

-also referred to as

-equator is at ______

-altitude of Polaris (North Star) will give the latitude in the Northern Hemisphere

  1. Longitude – lines that run ______and ______, while they measure in degrees ______and ______

-______ is at 0°

-Opposite the Prime Meridian is ______° and is called the International Date Line

-Longitude lines are not parallel

  1. Earth’s System
  2. ______
  • the layer of gases that surround the Earth
  • provides breathing air and protects Earth

from the Sun

  1. ______
  • the surface of the planet that forms the continents and ocean floor
  • make up of the Crust and MOHO
  1. ______
  • all the water on the planet: oceans, glaciers, water on land, in life, and in the atmosphere
  1. ______
  • part of the Earth in which all planet’s plant and animal life exist
  1. Structure of the Earth
  2. ______core – solid Iron and Nickel
  3. ______ core – liquid Iron and Nickel
  4. Mantle – heavy rocks high in Iron, Magnesium, and Silicon
  5. Crust –
  1. Earth’s Atmosphere (in ascending order) – know how to read information on the reference tables.
  2. Troposphere
  3. Stratosphere
  4. Mesosphere
  5. Thermosphere
  1. 4 Areas of Earth Science
  2. ______ – the study of weather and the forces and processes that cause it
  3. ______ – the study of processes that occur within the ocean and the affect humans have on it
  4. ______ – the study of Earth, its matter, and the processes that form and change it
  5. ______ – the study of objects in space
  1. The International System of Units (SI)

TermDefinitionStandard unitOther units

Volume ------______

______----the amount of matter present in an object______

______----______Newton (N)

Temperature -----measure of the kinetic energy of a substance______

  1. Percent Error

Your value – Actual value

Error = ------x 100

Actual value

  1. Earth’s shape and size
  2. Earth in an ______spheroid.
  3. ______ - distance around the Earth - first measured by Eratosthenes
  4. Be able to calculate the circumference of a planet.
  5. Be able to calculate the size of a mountain or depth of a trench using proportions.
  1. Powers of 10
  2. Be able to put numbers in powers of 10 format and convert back to long form.
  1. Scientific notation
  2. Be able to put numbers in scientific notation format and convert back to long form.
  1. Bean Activity
  2. Be able to estimate a population using proportions.
  1. Reference Tables
  2. Be able to interpret information from these two pages.