Annex 5
Activity C7
During spring and summer flying in 2005 there were checked in regular terms in total 472 traps in 10 – 14 day intervals (8 samplings). The samples were measured and obtained data were recorded into the notebooks and evaluated subsequently. 10 subjects participated in the activity, which manage the forests in the pSCI Slovensky Raj. In total there were caught in 398 traps 2.166 million imagoes of eight-toothed spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), on average 5442 per one trap. For pine bark beetle (Pityogenes chalcographus) there were checked 33 traps with total catching of 747 196 thousand imagoes, on average 22.642 per one trap. For Ips acuminatus 41 traps were checked with total catching of 3456 imagoes, on average 86 per one trap.
Of total number of 472 traps there was carried an analysis for the samples from 44 traps for species spectrum (Table 1, 2). Installing of traps was done from 5 May to 20 May. Individual terms were not unified but with regard to the large area of the territory samplings from the traps were conducted in acertain time range. Despite that it was possible to determine for the whole season 8 sampling periods, which overlapped each other. Total sampling season lasted from 5 May until 16 September 2005; it means 19 weeks (134 days).
The results of trapping of target species of bark beetles are summarized according to sampling periods in table 1 with the data on placement and attraction of individual traps. Based on these data the highest trapping of eight-toothed spruce bark beetle was in the locality Krompľa, (Lesy SR, LS Poprad, p. 125) into slit-trap with pheromone IT – Ecolure TUBUS (22.7 thousand imagoes). High trapping more than 10 thousand imagoes that characterizes heavy up to calamity outbreak (occurrence) of the pest was recorded in the localities Bikš, Za škôlkou (UPS Hrabušice), Štryker and Spiš. Tomašovcami, Na skale (ZVL Smižany), Kolísky, Zelená hora and Zadný skok. Low population abundance could be characterized by trapping in the localities Mokrá, Pri Ranči, Hrubá jedľa, Suchá and Gubova dolka.
Of six traps intended for catching of pine bark beetle slit-trap with pheromone Pheroprax in the locality Hansjakubova (Lesy SR, LS Ľadová, p.302) indicated the highest level of the pest population density. Catching at the trap in the locality Klauzy indicates low population density of pine bark beetle and catching in the locality Sokol moderate population density. Other traps indicated high population density of this pest.
Very low catching were negligible and in most of catching zero catching of Ips acuminatusin slit-traps with pheromoneIAC-Ecolure. According to the data in table 2 these traps caught substantially more individuals of eight-toothed spruce bark beetle, though regarding this species it was not significant catching.
Specific side effect on non-target species of useful and indifferent insects was confirmed only for the preparations used for pine bark beetle, for predator species Nemosoma elongatum (Table 2). Much weaker was this effect on another species, which usually reacts significantly to the given preparations – it is Hypophloeus linearis. The effect was almost negligible for all kinds of pheromones on main predators of bark beetles, of the genus Thanasimus. Together only 33 individuals were caught in all traps of this set (44 traps), what was on average only 0.75 per one trap.
Of more rare insect species caught in the studied traps we can mention following species or genera:
- Dapsa denticollis (Coleoptera, Endomychidae) 1specimen, locality Kláštorisko
- Calitys scabra (Coleoptera, Temnochilidae) 1 sp., locality Za Podleskom
- Platycis minuta (Coleoptera, Lycidae), 1 sp., locality Za Podleskom
- Denticollis linearis (Coleoptera, Denticollidae) 1sp., locality Hrabušice-Za škôlkou
- Homalisus fontisbellaquei (Coleoptera, Lycidae) 1sp., locality Stratená, 1 sp. locality Zadný skok
- Triplax sp.( Coleoptera, Erotylidae), 1 sp., locality Osiková
- Antherophagus sp. (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae) 1 sp. locality Lipovec
- Gnorimus nobilis (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) 1 sp. locality Sokol, 1ex. locality Mláka
- Liodes cinammomeus (Coleoptera, Liodidae) 1 sp. locality Pred Kláštoriskom.
Species / Trap / Firm / Section / Locality / Trap type / Pheromone type / Number of trapping adults in period
1. / 2. / 3. / 4. / 5. / 6. / 7. / 8. / sum
Ips typographus / 1 / ZVL Smižany / 36 / Na skale / Ecotrap / IT Tubus / 1370 / 4300 / 6820 / 570 / 1060 / 186 / 7 / 9 / 14322
2 / Poráziková / 11 / Nad Sp.Tomášov. / Ecotrap / IT Tubus / 3300 / 2000 / 5160 / 940 / 1430 / 1390 / 183 / 114 / 14517
3 / Urb.Hrabušice / 502 / Za škôlkou / Ecotrap / IT Tubus / 5230 / 7040 / 3850 / 530 / 1326 / 20 / 5 / 18001
4 / Urb.Hrabušice / 495 / Zelená hora / Ecotrap / IT Tubus / 3380 / 4320 / 2558 / 115 / 366 / 262 / 3 / 11004
5 / ŠL, LS SNV / 58 / Bikš / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 2010 / 5520 / 9250 / 1140 / 560 / 970 / 96 / 19546
6 / ŠL, LS SNV / 83 / Lesnica / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 920 / 1400 / 923 / 600 / 742 / 840 / 118 / 111 / 5654
7 / ŠL, LS SNV / 285 / Hrubá jedľa / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 380 / 300 / 1175 / 138 / 56 / 66 / 2115
8 / ŠL, LS SNV / 125 / Kolísky / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 2620 / 7830 / 730 / 950 / 1490 / 137 / 13757
9 / ŠL, LS SNV / 223 / Klauzy / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 3800 / 1527 / 801 / 200 / 390 / 99 / 18 / 39 / 6874
10 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 95 / Štryker / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 2320 / 4070 / 5000 / 1230 / 1920 / 1090 / 184 / 403 / 16217
11 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 344 / Za Podleskom / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 1820 / 1340 / 1718 / 318 / 501 / 830 / 22 / 32 / 6581
12 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 338 / Zadný skok / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 1310 / 2340 / 4410 / 690 / 862 / 1020 / 11 / 10643
13 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 311 / Malá Poľana / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 1720 / 682 / 595 / 112 / 349 / 570 / 22 / 57 / 4107
14 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 466 / Pred Kláštoriskom / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 1670 / 453 / 988 / 169 / 310 / 296 / 14 / 25 / 3925
15 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 215 / Sokol / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 1160 / 783 / 835 / 119 / 176 / 103 / 4 / 10 / 3190
16 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 136 / Tri Kopce / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 820 / 1210 / 3640 / 319 / 1717 / 706 / 29 / 207 / 8648
17 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 125 / Krompľa / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 4770 / 3950 / 7640 / 188 / 5015 / 720 / 125 / 276 / 22684
18 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 12 / Suchá / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 973 / 524 / 705 / 21 / 16 / 74 / 16 / 2329
19 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 19 / Mokrá / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 330 / 279 / 7 / 11 / 627
20 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 122 / Ver.tiesňava / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 2900 / 721 / 2350 / 540 / 688 / 7199
21 / ML Dobšina / 213 / Dobš.Maša / Ecotrap / Pheroprax / 1460 / 881 / 320 / 230 / 527 / 59 / 75 / 3552
22 / ML Dobšina / 244 / Voniarky / Ecotrap / Pheroprax / 908 / 153 / 925 / 227 / 614 / 981 / 101 / 118 / 4027
23 / ML Dobšina / 247 / Gubova dolka / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 357 / 75 / 875 / 260 / 214 / 547 / 20 / 16 / 2364
24 / ML Dobšina / 294 / Osiková / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 2315 / 412 / 2680 / 59 / 1650 / 2590 / 16 / 9722
25 / ML Dobšina / 294 / Osiková / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 310 / 19 / 186 / 63 / 424 / 586 / 24 / 7 / 1619
26 / ŠL,Ľadová / 174 / Lipovec / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 2210 / 1118 / 371 / 1267 / 108 / 67 / 5141
27 / ŠL,Ľadová / 196 / Stratená / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 710 / 4 / 310 / 240 / 151 / 2120 / 21 / 84 / 3640
28 / ŠL,Ľadová / 302 / Hansjakubová / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 2800 / 1075 / 1580 / 610 / 62 / 42 / 6169
29 / ŠL,Ľadová / 332 / Pri Ranči / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 214 / 83 / 57 / 48 / 202 / 33 / 14 / 21 / 672
30 / ŠL,Ľadová / 295 / Geravy / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 1230 / 452 / 482 / 1680 / 670 / 1400 / 196 / 30 / 6140
P. chalcographus / 31 / ŠL, LS SNV / 209 / Klauzy / Theysohn / PC Tubus / 3050 / 4170 / 4750 / 3110 / 1140 / 64 / 57 / 83 / 16424
32 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 348 / Rumanova / Theysohn / PC Tubus / 1820 / 305 / 15140 / 7180 / 26170 / 4460 / 168 / 180 / 55423
33 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 215 / Sokol / Theysohn / PC Tubus / 530 / 1240 / 8410 / 4800 / 12130 / 3550 / 315 / 30975
34 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 474 / Mláka / Theysohn / PC Tubus / 680 / 2250 / 13470 / 7120 / 17570 / 4480 / 355 / 51 / 45976
35 / ML Dobšina / 264 / Pod Hanysej / Ecotrap / Chalcoprax / 1870 / 1280 / 96 / 1020 / 24200 / 7930 / 3660 / 530 / 40586
36 / ŠL,Ľadová / 302 / Hansjakubová / Theysohn / Chalcoprax / 2640 / 1610 / 2760 / 34730 / 21960 / 16550 / 3680 / 324 / 84254
Ips acuminatus / 41 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 136 / Tri kopce chodník / Theysohn / IAC / 3 / 2 / 5
42 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 82 / Krompľa / Theysohn / IAC / 5 / 1 / 6
43 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 135 / Tri kopce hrebeň / Theysohn / IAC / 1 / 1 / 2
44 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 146 / Rárohové skaly / Theysohn / IAC / 2 / 2 / 4
47 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 12 / Suchá / Theysohn / IAC / 7 / 7
48 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 47 / Na Popovu / Theysohn / IAC / 1 / 2 / 3
49 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 333 / Zadný skok / Theysohn / IAC / 27 / 1 / 1 / 29
50 / Letanovce / 4 / Kláštorisko / Theysohn / IAC / 2 / 2
Table 1: Trapping of target species of bark beetles.
Species / Trap / Firm / Section / Locality / Trap type / Pheromone type / Number of trapping ArthropodaI. typographus / P. chalcographus / I. acuminatus / Other scolytidae / Other pest species / Thanasimus sp. / Nemos. elongatum / Hypophl. linearis / Other effective species
Ips typographus / 1 / ZVL Smižany / 36 / Na skale / Ecotrap / IT Tubus / 14322 / 3 / 0 / 6 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 154
2 / Poráziková / 11 / Nad Sp.Tomášov. / Ecotrap / IT Tubus / 14517 / 6 / 0 / 8 / 11 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 119
3 / Urb.Hrabušice / 502 / Za škôlkou / Ecotrap / IT Tubus / 18001 / 21 / 0 / 2 / 31 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 28
4 / Urb.Hrabušice / 495 / Zelená hora / Ecotrap / IT Tubus / 11004 / 58 / 0 / 0 / 28 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 89
5 / ŠL, LS SNV / 58 / Bikš / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 19546 / 289 / 0 / 10 / 8 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 29
6 / ŠL, LS SNV / 83 / Lesnica / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 5654 / 170 / 0 / 0 / 9 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 22
7 / ŠL, LS SNV / 285 / Hrubá jedľa / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 2115 / 23 / 0 / 0 / 8 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7
8 / ŠL, LS SNV / 125 / Kolísky / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 13757 / 87 / 0 / 2 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 31
9 / ŠL, LS SNV / 223 / Klauzy / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 6874 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 19
10 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 95 / Štryker / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 16217 / 569 / 1 / 10 / 9 / 6 / 1 / 1 / 104
11 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 344 / Za Podleskom / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 6581 / 198 / 0 / 1 / 11 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 31
12 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 338 / Zadný skok / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 10643 / 142 / 0 / 0 / 11 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 23
13 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 311 / Malá Poľana / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 4107 / 96 / 0 / 9 / 6 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 31
14 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 466 / Pred Kláštoriskom / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 3925 / 64 / 0 / 2 / 13 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 25
15 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 215 / Sokol / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 3190 / 29 / 0 / 0 / 9 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 9
16 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 136 / Tri Kopce / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 8648 / 13 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 23
17 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 125 / Krompľa / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 22684 / 33 / 0 / 3 / 18 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 50
18 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 12 / Suchá / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 2329 / 19 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 18
19 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 19 / Mokrá / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 627 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 5
20 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 122 / Ver.tiesňava / Theysohn / IT Tubus / 7199 / 32 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 39
21 / ML Dobšina / 213 / Dobš.Maša / Ecotrap / Pheroprax / 3552 / 24 / 0 / 0 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 17
22 / ML Dobšina / 244 / Voniarky / Ecotrap / Pheroprax / 4027 / 29 / 0 / 0 / 8 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 17
23 / ML Dobšina / 247 / Gubova dolka / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 2364 / 9 / 0 / 0 / 5 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 14
24 / ML Dobšina / 294 / Osiková / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 9722 / 553 / 0 / 2 / 6 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 16
25 / ML Dobšina / 294 / Osiková / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 1619 / 13966 / 0 / 8 / 29 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 36
26 / ŠL,Ľadová / 174 / Lipovec / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 5141 / 15 / 0 / 1 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 21
27 / ŠL,Ľadová / 196 / Stratená / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 3640 / 77 / 0 / 8 / 29 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 55
28 / ŠL,Ľadová / 302 / Hansjakubová / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 6169 / 25 / 0 / 1 / 6 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 30
29 / ŠL,Ľadová / 332 / Pri Ranči / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 672 / 13 / 0 / 3 / 23 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 49
30 / ŠL,Ľadová / 295 / Geravy / Theysohn / Pheroprax / 6140 / 25 / 0 / 2 / 7 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 24
P. chalcographus / 31 / ŠL, LS SNV / 209 / Klauzy / Theysohn / PC Tubus / 8 / 16424 / 1 / 2 / 6 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 47
32 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 348 / Rumanova / Theysohn / PC Tubus / 4 / 55423 / 0 / 6 / 2 / 0 / 129 / 4 / 33
33 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 215 / Sokol / Theysohn / PC Tubus / 0 / 30975 / 0 / 0 / 6 / 0 / 33 / 2 / 17
34 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 474 / Mláka / Theysohn / PC Tubus / 0 / 45976 / 0 / 4 / 6 / 0 / 26 / 0 / 12
35 / ML Dobšina / 264 / Pod Hanysej / Ecotrap / Chalcoprax / 1595 / 40586 / 0 / 2 / 12 / 0 / 171 / 4 / 43
36 / ŠL,Ľadová / 302 / Hansjakubová / Theysohn / Chalcoprax / 3 / 84254 / 0 / 4 / 1 / 0 / 21 / 2 / 29
Ips acuminatus / 41 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 136 / Tri kopce chodník / Theysohn / IAC / 392 / 0 / 5 / 3 / 0 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 8
42 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 82 / Krompľa / Theysohn / IAC / 275 / 1 / 6 / 9 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 8
43 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 135 / Tri kopce hrebeň / Theysohn / IAC / 308 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 9
44 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 146 / Rárohové skaly / Theysohn / IAC / 179 / 0 / 4 / 24 / 6 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
47 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 12 / Suchá / Theysohn / IAC / 21 / 0 / 7 / 6 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2
48 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 47 / Na Popovu / Theysohn / IAC / 511 / 6 / 3 / 12 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 16
49 / ŠL, LS Poprad / 333 / Zadný skok / Theysohn / IAC / 127 / 5 / 29 / 2 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 9
50 / Letanovce / 4 / Kláštorisko / Theysohn / IAC / 146 / 1 / 2 / 6 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 5
Table 2: Trapping of all species - Arthropoda.
Evaluation of the efficiency of pheromone evaporators
In the season 2006 there were used for attracting of spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus)pheromones IT Ecolure TUBUS and Pheroprax A. On average the most individuals of spruce bark beetle were trapped into traps with pheromone IT Ecolure TUBUS, thoughonly one evaporator was used in the season. Duration of the efficiency of evaporator was confirmed by trapping during summer flying, when it was on average 30% of spring flying. We recorded during the season for pheromone Pheroprax A even trappings for spring as well as summer swarming when in summer swarming the evaporator trapped more individuals of spruce bark beetle than IT Ecolure TUBUS.
For attracting of pine bark beetle (Pityogenes chalcographus) there were used pheromones PC Ecolure TUBUS and Chalcoprax. Evaporator Chalcoprax showed the highest efficiency in catching pine bark beetle, when it was markedly more efficient than evaporator PC Ecolure TUBUS during summer flying. Preparation PC Ecolure TUBUS had sufficient efficiency during the whole season when it trapped the most individuals also during summer flying.
Endangerment of stands by spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus)
Endangerment of stands by spruce bark beetle in the NP Slovenský raj is illustrated in figure 1. Criteria for the selection of stands into respective degrees of endangerment are presented in table 3. From this aspect we can consider the most endangered (heavy endangerment) stands over 60 years and with the proportion of spruce 61-100 %. These stands cover the area 3999 ha, what is 30 % of total area of the endangered stands. Moderately endangered stands over 60 years old and with the proportion of spruce 31-60 % cover 4605 ha, what is 34 % of the endangered stands. Remaining 64 % (5104 ha) are stands endangered slightly.
First of all northwestern, southern part and some locations in eastern part of the National park are endangered heavily. Central part is probably composed of mixed (nature) stands and therefore there is slight up to moderate endangerment.
Degree of endangerment / Proportion / AgeHeavy / 61-100 / 60+
Moderate / 31-60 / 60+
Slight / 10-30 / 60+
Tab. 3: Criteria of the endangerment of stands by spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus)
Endangerment of stands by pine bark beetle (Pityogenes chalcographus)
Endangerment of stands by pine bark beetle in the NP Slovenský raj is illustrated in figure 2. Criteria for the selection of stands into respective degrees of endangerment are presented in table 4. From this aspect we can consider the most endangered (heavily) the stands at the age 30 - 70 years and with the proportion of spruce 61-100 %. These stands cover the area 2727 ha, what is 40 % of total area of the stands endangered by pine bark beetle. Moderately endangered stands at the age 30 - 70 years and with the proportion of spruce 31-60 % cover 2355 ha, what is 35 % of the endangered stands. Remaining 25 % (1715 ha) are the stands endangered slightly.
Mainly northwestern and southern part is endangered heavily; small part is in the eastern end of the national park. Distribution of the stands heavily endangered by pine bark beetle is similar to the endangerment by spruce bark beetle as it is influenced considerably by high proportion of spruce and non-autochthonous spruce monocultures. The stands moderately or slightly endangered by pine bark beetle are evenly distributed on the whole territory of the national park.
Degree of endangerment / Proportion / AgeHeavy / 61-100 / 30-70
Moderate / 31-60 / 30-70
Slight / 10-30 / 30-70
Tab. 4: Criteria of the endangerment of stands by pine bark beetle (Pityogenes chalcographus)
After the first year of LIFE project the NP Slovensky Raj we can evaluate the activity within C7 – Forest protection against bark beetles with the use of pheromone traps as good and useful. The set of 472 traps caught altogether 2.916 million imagoes and thus contributed quite importantly to the reduction of the population density of aggressive bark beetles species on the protected territory NATURA 2000.
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